Medlar (Lokva) Sesek kapena Eriobotria ndi mbewu yobiriwira yopanda zipatso ya banja la Rosaceae, apulo wamba Apple. Adayambitsidwa ku Russian Federation m'zaka za zana la 19; mwachilengedwe imamera m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Distribution zone - Southeast Asia, Himalayas, Mediterranean, Caucasus, Crimea, China, Japan, Europe. Zipatso zake zowonekera, peyala zooneka ngati zipatso za apulo, apurikoti kapena sitiroberi. Idyani zipatso za medlar yaiwisi ndikuphika nyama, jellies. Sakusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, sikuyenera kutumizidwa kunja.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a medlar
Medlar amakula mpaka 8 m mwachilengedwe, minda - 3 m, m'nyumba - 1.5 m. Amaluwa oyera kapena zonona, inflorescence imanunkhira bwino komanso kusangalatsa kwakutali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Thunthu lophimbidwa ndi korona woyipa, mphukira ndiwobiriwira mwachilengedwe, mitundu yamtundu alibe. Mizu yake imakhala nthambi, ili pafupi ndi dothi. Amayenda mpaka 12 cm kutalika ndi 6 cm mulifupi, owongoka, owala, wokutidwa ndi petioles lalifupi ndi mitsempha yamdima. Kuyambira pansipa ndi pubescent, kuchokera kumtunda wonyezimira, wobiriwira.
Mtengo wake umayimiriridwa ndi zipatso zowutsa mudyo (mkati mwa njere za 3-5), zophatikizidwa m'magulu kukula kwa maula. Wokoma kapena wowawasa-wokoma, kutengera mtundu wakucha, awoneke masika. Mtengowu umakhala zaka 40 kapena kupitilira. Medlar amakula kunyumba miphika zazikulu zamaluwa, zosungirako, ndi malo obisalamo.
Mitundu ya Medlar
Mitundu itatu yokha ndiyomwe imawerengedwa. Pakulima, awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Japan ndi Germany (Caucasian).
Chijapani
Nthambi zonse, zomwe masamba a velvet amatulutsa, amatulutsa mu Okutobala-Novembala, pa mphukira za chaka chamawa, mbewuzi zikuwonekera mu Meyi-June. Idyani zipatso nthawi yomweyo. Mkati mwa chipatso, lokoma ndi mnofu lotayirira, pali fupa limodzi, peel ndi yofewa, lalanje. Simalola chisanu.
Caucasus
Zomera, nthambi zowuluka, zimapanga korona wamkulu, thunthu wokhala ndi masentimita 15, masamba obiriwira pamwamba, amaluwa mu Meyi-June, zipatso zofiirira zokhala ndi zamkati zowoneka bwino zimaphulika.
Chachilendo cha mtunduwu ndikuti chimaphukira pa mphukira za chaka chatha.
Chimalekerera chisanu. Idyani zipatso mutatha kuzizira.
Zoweta zimabzala mitundu yopanda mbewu:
- Apirena - wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono.
- Huge Evreinova - zipatso za masentimita 8.
Zosintha (imvi)
Chitsamba chowoneka bwino chamaluwa oyera ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zofanana ndi maapulo ofiira.
Zosiyanasiyana za medlar zosunga m'nyumba
Pokulira medlar mu chipinda, mitundu yama Japan imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Frost - wachikaso, wowala, onunkhira zipatso.
- Tanaka - wokoma ndi wowawasa, wowonda peyala, lalanje ndi pinki mkati.
- Champagne - amakhala ndi thupi lotsekemera, chikasu chakuda.
- Premier - lalanje-chikasu.
- Sila - ndi kununkhira kwa apricot.
- Victor - zipatso zachikasu zowala.
- Komunar - wozungulira, wokhala ndi khungu la matte.
Kukula medlar kunyumba
M'nyumba, mutha kupezanso mtengo wobala zipatso, ngati mutsatira malamulowo.
Medlar amakonda kuwala, ikani chofiyira pawindo pazomwera kapena kum'mawa, m'malo obiriwira, m'nyumba zosungirako. Pak maluwa, owalitsani mpaka maola 12. Kutentha + 18 ... +20 ° С, nthawi yozizira +5 ° С.
Kusakaniza kwa dothi kumakhala kopanda acidic, kusalowekera ku peat, humus ndi dothi lamasamba chimodzimodzi.
Thirirani chomeracho m'mphepete mwa thankiyo kapena poto, mutayanika, dothi lapamwamba limasulidwa. Nthaka sinatsanulidwe, iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono kuti isawonongeke. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa. Tengani madzi okhazikika, kutentha kwake komwe kuli magawo awiri kuposa kutentha kwa chipinda. Nthambi zowuma, zowonongeka zimachotsedwa mu April, zimadulidwa pakati theka la zaka 2-3, ndikupanga korona.
Chapakatikati mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo imaphatikizidwa ndi michere ndi michere yosakanikirana. Mukapanga zipatso, malita awiri amadzi, 200 g ya manyowa ndi 20 g wa phulusa amadyetsedwa. Panthawi yamaluwa, kuvala pamwamba kwa phosphorous kumafunika, ndipo potashi amafunikira kuti ikule bwino.
Mitengo yaying'ono imanyowa kamodzi pamwezi, akulu kamodzi pachaka. Panthawi yopumula, satero.
Zomera zazing'ono zimasulidwa chaka chilichonse, zopitilira zaka 5 - zitatha zaka 4. Chotsani pamwamba pamizu ndikugona tulo.
Amaluwa a Medlar mu Okutobala-Novembala. Kuchokera pa mbewu, maluwa amayamba kwa zaka 4-5, kudula - 3. Maluwa ndi oyera kapena zonona omwe amatulutsidwa burashi. Zipatso zimacha kokha m'chilimwe, akulangizidwa kusiya zidutswa 10-15 mchaka choyamba.
Kuswana kwa Medlar
Medlar amafalitsa m'njira zingapo:
- Ndi mbewu - mbewu zimanyowetsedwa kwa tsiku pa + 18 ... +20 ° С. Pop-ups amaponyera kunja. Pambuyo pake, amayikidwa mufiriji kwa miyezi ingapo (stratization), kenako ku Kornevin kwa maola 8. Zofesedwa mozama masentimita 2-3, m'mbale zokhala ndi zotaya za 2 cm ndi nthaka yamaluwa. Phimbani ndi kanema komanso mpweya. Kuwombera nthawi zambiri kumawonekera pakatha miyezi 1.5. Masamba 2-3 akaoneka, amadzuma. Mbewu zingabzalidwe panthaka.
- Zigawo - zigwadani nthambi zathanzi pansi (mutatha kupangira impso kumtunda), ikonzani. Kuti mulimbikitse bwino Kornevin. Olekanitsidwa pambuyo pa kukula kwa mizu, kuziika.
- Kudula - kudula nthambi ndi 15-20 masentimita pa maluwa. Malo omwe mabala amathandizidwa ndi makala osweka. Masamba amadulidwa ndi ¾. Adabzala wina mbale, kulenga wowonjezera kutentha kwenikweni, madzi, patatha mwezi umodzi azika mizu.
- Katemera - njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri alimi. Monga stock gwiritsani peyala, quince, hawthorn.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a medlar, zovuta pakuchoka
Medlar sakonda kukhala ndi matenda komanso tizirombo mosamala. Wamaluwa wopanda nzeru amakhala ndi zovuta:
- Masamba akauma m'mphepete, ndiye kwathunthu - nyowetsani mpweya wouma.
- Malo akuda ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
- Ngati masamba amataya elasticity - nthawi zambiri amamwe madzi.
- Kuzungulira mizu - kuchepetsa kuthirira, mankhwala ndi fungicide (Fitolavin).
- Kodi pachimake, sabala zipatso - kuphwanya kwa nyengo yozizira dormancy. Lekani kuthirira komanso kuvala pamwamba.
- Maluwa ofooka - onjezerani kuyatsa, kudula.
- Aphid, kangaude mite - utsi ndi yankho la sopo ochapira kapena tincture wa calendula ndi madzi.
- Shield - wothandizidwa ndi Actofit.
- Mapira amapsa ndi utsi wa fodya.
Popewa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, thunthu, nthambi, dothi limapoperedwa ndimadzi 3% Bordeaux.
A Dachnik akuvomereza: medlar - zothandiza katundu ndi contraindication
Medlar ili ndi shuga, fiber, tannins, mavitamini B, A, E, kufufuza zinthu, chitsulo, sodium, phosphorous, nthaka, selenium, potaziyamu, mapuloteni, zakudya. Bark, masamba, mbewu za mtengo ndizofunika. Muli ma organic acid: malic, tartaric, citric. Zopatsa mphamvu za mwana wakhanda ndi 42 kcal.
Chomera chili ndi zinthu zambiri zochiritsa:
- Normalizing chimbudzi, chimatsuka thupi.
- Imalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi komanso kukana matenda.
- Olemera mu folic acid, ayodini.
- Masamba amathandizira tonsillitis.
- Amatsika aimpso, kupweteka ndi miyala mu chikhodzodzo.
- Imachepetsa cholesterol ndikuchotsa mchere pazitsulo zolemera.
- Ili ndi katundu woyembekezera.
- Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Zothandiza kwa odwala matenda a shuga mellitus (amathandiza kupanga insulin).
Masamba a Medlar amachepetsa kulakalaka maswiti, amachepetsa chilako. Vitamini A amalimbikitsa kuwona bwino. Ntchito zodzoladzola zogwiritsa ntchito bwino pachomera cha pakhungu.
Zipatso zimaperekedwa chifukwa cha omwe ali ndi matendawa, anthu omwe akudwala gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba, cholecystitis. Kuphatikizika kwa masamba kumakhala ndi cyanide glycosides, kotero mbewuyo imangobweretsa osati zabwino zokha, komanso kuvulaza.
