Ma Dukes (ma cherry-cherry hybrids): ndi chiyani komanso malongosoledwe a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Duke Miracle

Ambiri amakonda yamatcheri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kosaneneka ndi kununkhira. Ena amakonda yamatcheri, makamaka mitundu yakuda yamtundu waukulu, wandiweyani, wokoma zipatso. Koma lero, dyuka - hybrids zamatcheri ndi yamatcheri ndizofunikira kwambiri. Atsogoleriwa adalandira mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya omwe adalipo kale. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ma dykes ndi mitundu ya Miracle Cherry. Kukula mtengo wathanzi ndikusonkhanitsa zipatso zochuluka, ndikofunikira kudziwa za zovuta komanso mawonekedwe a kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewuyi.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a chitumbuwa

Kuti mumve zambiri za ma dyukes, tiyeni tibwererenso zaka mazana awiri. Dzinali "duke" limachokera ku woyamba wosakanizidwa Mau Duck (wotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi ngati "May Duke"), wopezeka m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ku England kuchokera pakuyipitsidwa kwamatcheri. Wophatikiza uyu anali ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika: zipatso zake zimacha kwambiri, zinali zazikulu komanso zotsekemera, monga ma cherries, ndipo adalandira fungo labwino la zipatso zake.

Ndizosangalatsa kuti dzina loti "duke" ndilofala kwambiri ku Russia kuposa ku Europe. Ku Russia, kalasi yoyamba ya woyeserera idapezedwa ndi I.V. Michurin mu 1888 pamaziko amitundu yamitundu yayitali ya ku Russia ndi ma Cherie oyera a Winkler. Inali nthawi imeneyo imodzi mwazipatso zowuma kwambiri komanso zachisanu zosazizira kwambiri zamatcheri ndi ma cherries, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa Krasa Severa. Mitundu iyi idakula bwino ndipo imakonda kubala zipatso ku Moscow Region, Kumpoto chakumadzulo, ndipo ngakhale kumadera ena a Western Siberia, koma maluwa nthawi zambiri amawuma.

O. Ivanova, wosamalira dimba, dera la Moscow Magazini Oyang'anira Magazi, Na. 12, Disembala 2017

Duke Miracle Cherry ndi amitundu yamitundu yaposachedwa ya dykes. Inapezeka ndikuwoloka Griot of Ostheim ndi Cherries Valery Chkalov. Srednerosloy, wokhala ndi korona wofalikira - mtengowo umawoneka ngati chitumbuwa. Chikhalidwe cha mitunduyo ndi kucha kucha chipatso. Kucha nthawi - kuyambira Juni 10 mpaka 20, nthawi imodzi ndi mitundu yamatcheri oyambira. Duke amadziwika ndi zipatso zambiri. Zipatso zoyambirira za Miracle Cherry zimapereka mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala m'malo osatha m'mundamo. Mtengowu umalowa zipatso zonse wazaka 4-5.

Makhalidwe a zipatso za Miracle Cherry:

• zipatso zazikulu zazikulu 910 g;
• ofiira okongola amdima, pafupifupi burgundy;
• zamkati wa zipatso-osalimba zipatso, yowutsa mudyo;
• kukoma ndi mchere, wokoma ndi wosangalatsa kuwala acidity, pali kutchulidwa kwamchere.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Mirry Cherry kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi chilimwe

Zopindulitsa zazikulu zomwe zimapezeka mu mtundu wa Miracle Cherry:

• zokolola zambiri, 12-15 makilogalamu zipatso kuchokera mtengo umodzi;
• yayikulu-zipatso;
• okhazikika okhazikika;
• kuchuluka kwa chilala chololera;
• kuchuluka kukana matenda owopsa fungal coccomycosis ndi moniliosis;
• zabwino yozizira hardiness pa tsinde ndi pafupifupi yozizira hardiness wa zipatso masamba.

Zoyipa zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo kudzala. Mitengo imaphuka bwino, koma zipatso sizipanga konse kapena kubala zipatso zochepa. Nyumbayi ndi yodziwika bwino kwambiri kwa ma dykes ambiri ndipo imafuna kukhalapo kwa mitengo yoyipitsa pamalowo kuti iphulitsidwe.

Kanema: Wodziwika - wosakanizidwa wamatcheri

Muli kubzala komanso kukula kwa ma dykes

Kuti yamatcheri ikulire bwino ndi kubereka zipatso, ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala: kasupe, kudulira pafupipafupi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, madzi pamoto (makamaka pamiyala yamchenga), yeretsani bwino udzu ndi zinyalala za m'mundapo pansi pa mitengo.

Madeti Ozizwitsa Cherry

Popeza ma dykes ndi ma hybrids okhala ndi chitumbuwa, ndipo zipatso zamatcheri zimalimidwa makamaka kum'mwera, chisanu chotchinga cha udzu chimakhala chotsika poyerekeza ndi yamatcheri wamba. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yakukula kwa Wonder Cherries kumpoto kumpoto. Pakati pa msewu, pakati pa Epulo ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yolamula. Pakawopsezedwa kuti chisanu chikutha, mbande zakonzeka kubzala. Kukhazikika kwa mbande za chitumbuwa kumadalira kwambiri kutentha kwadothi ndi mpweya wozungulira: kutentha ndi madigiri khumi ndiye kutentha kwamalire, pomwe njira zamasamba zimayamba ndikutha. Mtengowo umalowa m'malo wopanda matalala pomwe kutentha kumatsikira pansi kuphatikiza madigiri khumi. Chifukwa chake, mbande zimabzalidwe bwino nthaka ikauma pamwamba +15^ºC.

Hafu yachiwiri ya Epulo ndi nthawi yabwino kubzala ndi kufalitsa mbewu zaminda yazipatso. Ndipo, tsoka, ndi lalifupi: kuyambira pakuchepetsa nthaka mpaka kuphukira. Yesetsani kuti musaphonye pa masiku agolide awa, chifukwa nthawi ya novosady ya masika nthawi zonse imazika mizu bwino ndipo simakhala ndi nkhawa. Magetsi otentha komanso kutentha kwa dothi panthawiyi amathandizira kupulumuka kwa mbewu

V.S. Zakotin, wasayansi, wazambiri zakuthambo, dera la Moscow Gardens of Russia Magazine, Epulo 4, 2011

Mwa zigawo zakumwera, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbande kumapeto kwa March kapena koyambirira kwa Epulo, kapena m'dzinja mu Okutobala, mwezi umodzi isanayambike nyengo yozizira.

Kukonzekera kwa tsamba

Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba loyenereradi kubzala chitumbuwa, m'njira zambiri kumatsimikizira kukula kwamitengo yamitengo ndikupeza zokolola zabwino. Malo obzala mitengo azikhala otsetsereka, otseguka komanso owala dzuwa tsiku lonse. Ngati pali malo otsetsereka, ndiye kuti ayenera kukhala odekha, otsetsereka osaposa 5-8^º. Kukhalapo kwa mthunzi kumakhudza bwino zipatso, kukhazikika kwa zipatso ndi kuloza kwa zipatso. Pakati patali, ndikofunikira kubzala mbande za dyke m'malo okhala ndi kum'mwera, kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo chakumadzulo. Kupezeka kwa mpanda wokwera komanso nyumba pafupi ndi malo omwe amafikira zimapangitsa mtundu wa zotchinga kuteteza mitengo yaying'ono ku mphepo yozizira yakumpoto. Kwa zigawo zakumwera, mtengowo umakuliramo kumadzulo, kumpoto chakumadzulo kapena kumpoto. Izi zimathandizira masiku otentha a chilimwe kupewa kupukuta dothi komanso kuwotcha masamba. Madera a Lowland, makamaka ndi madzi osasunthika komanso mpweya wouma, ndi osafunikira kukula kwa Wonder Cherry. Zinthu ngati izi zimasokoneza nkhuni. Madzi apansi panthaka nawonso amaphwanyidwa - magawo awo ogona sayenera kupitirira 1.5-2 m. Nthawi zambiri, malo oyandikira madzi osakwanira (osakwana 2 m kuchokera pansi), yamatcheri amabzalidwa pamtunda wotsika wa 0.3-0,5 m.

Chiwembu chokulitsa Wonder Cherries chiyenera kukhala chamtambo, chowala bwino, chopanda madambo komanso otsetsereka

M'malo momwe mbande ikakonzekera kubzala mu nthawi ya masika, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera maenje obzala m'dzinja. Dzenje lomwe anakumbidwa kukula kwake limadzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi feteleza wopangidwa ndi michere ndipo amatsala mpaka masika. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni pakugwa kuyenera kusadzidwa.

Ndikadzala yophukira, dzenje limakonzedwa pasadakhale mwezi umodzi. Nthaka zabwino kwambiri za dothi lakulitsa ndi dothi lofiirira, dothi la bulauni komanso lamtchire, loams ndi mchenga wamchenga, lotenthetsedwa bwino, lokhala ndi mawonekedwe otayirira kuti zitsimikizike madzi okwanira ndi mpweya kulowa pansi. Ngati dothi ndi dongo, lophwanyika, lolemetsa, kuti limasulidwe musanabzala, onjezerani mchenga, kompositi, peat, udzu wovunda. Acidity nthaka ndi yofunika kwambiri akamakula zipatso zotumphukira. Chowonetsera chake sichikuyenera kulowererapo, m'gulu (pH) cha 6.5-7.0. Ngati chizindikirochi ndi chokulirapo, ndiye musanabzale, dothi limapangidwira ndi kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kapena ufa wa dolomite (phulusa lamatanda 700-800 g / m^², ufa wa dolomite - 350-400 g / m^²).

Kusankha mbande

Ngati palibe mbande zanu zomwe zabzala, ndibwino kuzigula pa nazale kapena minda yolima zipatso. Podzala, munthu ayenera kusankha mbande zapachaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mphukira zingapo, mizu yolimba bwino komanso nkhuni zopukutidwa kwathunthu. Pofuna kupewa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yamtchire kapena kubzala zinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni, ndikofunika kugula kokha mizu yoyambira ndi mbande kumtengowo.

Zojambulajambula: Kusankha mbande ndi kubzala

Njira kubzala yamatcheri

Musanabzale mbande onetsetsani malowo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtunda pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mtsogolo uyenera kukhala osachepera 3-4 m, ndi pakati pa mizere ya mitengo osachepera 5. Polemba chizindikiro malowa, pitani pokonzekera kubzala maenje. Ngati dothi ndi lachonde, kukula kwa dzenjelo kungakhale kuchokera pa 80x80 cm mpaka 90x90 cm, kutengera kukula kwa mizu. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo nthawi zambiri kumakhala 40-50 cm.Mizere ya dzenjelo ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iwonjezeke ndi 50% ngati dothi silili lachonde kapena lolemera.

Masiku angapo asanabzike, mizu ya mbande iyenera kusungidwa m'madzi okhala ndi mizu yopanga mizu (Kornevin, Zircon). Mutha kupanga yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate kapena potaziyamu kuti muwononge mabakiteriya kapena mafangasi. Chithandizo chobzala m'mizu chimachitika ngati mbande imakhala ndi mizu yofooka kapena yowonongeka (makamaka ngati mbande ili ndi mizu yotseguka).

Ndondomeko zotsata:

1. Popeza kutalika ndi kufalikira kwa mizu ya mmera, konzani dzenje lalikulu. Dothi lam'mwamba kwambiri, lachonde kwambiri (kutalika pafupifupi 20-30 cm), mukakumba, kusiya pamphepowo.
2. Wofanananso kusakaniza feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere mu kapangidwe kake: 2-3 zidebe za manyowa owola kapena kompositi, 1 makilogalamu a phulusa, 100 g yosavuta superphosphate (kapena 60 g yowonjezera kawiri), 80 g wa potaziyamu sodium (kapena 40 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala ena).
3. Mumasuleni pansi penipeni pa kuya kwa 8-10 cm ndikunyowetsa nthaka ndi chidebe chimodzi (10 l) cha madzi otentha chipinda.
4. Madziwo atamwetsedwa, ikani mcherewo pansi ndi dothi lochokera kudzenje lomwe limaponyedwa pamphepete mwa dzenjelo. Dzazani dzenje osaposa 2/3. Pambuyo pake, sakanizani dothi lonse osakaniza ndi pang'ono pang'ono.
5. Yendetsani kuthandizira kwa mmera pakati pa dzenje - mtengo wozungulira masentimita 5-7, kutalika kwa 130-150 cm. Izi ziyenera kuchitika musanabzalire mmera, osati mosemphanitsa. Kuzungulira pothandiziranapo, tsanulirani mtunda pang'ono wobzala dothi losakaniza.
6. Mbande zisanabzalidwe zimafunika kudula mizu yonse yosweka, yovunda komanso yovuta.
7. Mu chisakanizo chokhazikitsidwa chatsopano cha manyowa ndi dongo losakanizika, ikani mizu ya mmera wokonzedwayo. Kuchulukana kwa osakaniza kuli ngati kirimu wowawasa.
8. Kudutsa dzenjelo kuti muike njanji. Tsitsani mmera pomera thandizo kuti khosi la mizu (malo omwe mitengoyo imalowera muzu) ili pamlingo kapena pamwamba pa nthaka ndi masentimita 6-8.
9. Fikani pang'onopang'ono ndikugawa mizu ya mmera pansi pamulu pansi.
10. Pang'onopang'ono dzazani mizu ndi dothi lomwe latsala kuchokera potayira, ndikuwasintha nthawi ndi nthawi.
11. Mizu ikakutidwa ndi dothi pafupifupi 15 cm, ndikofunikira kuthirira mtengowo ndi kudzaza dzenjelo ndi dothi pamwamba.
12. Tambalala dothi mozungulira mmera ndi kompositi ndi humus ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi 10 cm.
13. Ndi kuluka zofewa, mangani mtengo wobzalidwa mosamalitsa ndi thandizo la "zisanu ndi zitatu".

Vidiyo: njira yodzala zipatso zamatcheri

Mfundo yofunika kuikumbukira: pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ma dykes amadzilimbitsa ndipo saipukutira wina ndi mzake, chifukwa chake amafunika opukutira mungu. Ngati ndi kotheka, mitengo imodzi kapena ziwiri zopukutira zibzalidwe pafupi ndi mitengo ingapo ya zipatso. Cherry ndi chitumbuwa ndizoyenera ngati ma pollinators. Poona kuti maluwa odutsa nthawi zambiri sagwirizana nawo, ndikofunikira kusankha mitengo yoyenera yoyipitsa mungu wabwino. Cherry iyenera kuchedwa, ndipo chitumbuwa chimayenera kukhala molawirira. Ngati kulibe malo obzala mungu pamalowo, mutha kudzala nthambi zamitundu yambiri yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri akorona.

Ma pollinator abwino kwambiri a Miracle Cherry ndi ma Cherodhhaya, ma Lyubskaya ndi ma Bulatnikovskaya, Iput, Cherry Donets, Yaroslavna cherries. Osagwiritsa ntchito yamatcheri Krupnoplodnaya ndi Valery Chkalov ngati opukutisa.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa ma dykes

Kuthirira mitengo ndi imodzi mwazofunikira pa luso laulimi kuti alime. Cherry amayankha kuthirira ndikuwonjezera zokolola ndikukula zipatso. Akwatibwi, monga zipatso zonse, samamwetsedwa pansi pa muzu, kuti angavule mizu ndikuyambitsa matenda amtengowo. Zothirira, mizere iwiri yolimba pafupifupi 15-20 cm imapangidwa malinga ndi momwe korona amayambira: woyamba uli mtunda wa 50 cm kuchokera pa thunthu, wotsatira amakhalanso mtunda wa 50 cm kuchokera woyamba. Popeza ma dykes ndi mbewu yolekerera chilala, amalekerera kukumana bwino kuposa kuthilira madzi. Chifukwa chinyezi zochulukirapo, dothi pansi pa zipatso zake limapangidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya chilengedwe chake. Momwe mvula imakhalira nthawi yamalimwe ndi nthawi yotentha, mitengo yayikulu imafunika kuthirira nthawi zinayi pakulima:

• mutangotulutsa maluwa (nthawi yomweyo ndi kuvala pamwamba);
• podzaza chipatso (pafupifupi masiku 15 mpaka 20 asanakhwime);
• kunyowetsa chinyezi (kuzizira) kuthirira mu Okutobala masamba atagwa.

Mukamathirira, ndowa zitatu mpaka 6 zimatulutsidwa pansi pa mtengo uliwonse kuti muzu wa dothi ukhale wokwanira - masentimita 40. Mbande zazing'onoting'ono za ma dykes zimathiriridwa kawiri pa sabata masiku oyambira 15-18 mutabzala, kenako zimapitilira kuthilira kamodzi pa sabata. Zidebe ziwiri zamadzi ndizokwanira mmera umodzi. Madzi atatha kuyamwa kwathunthu, dothi lomwe limakhala pansi pa chitumbutilo limadzaza ndi kompositi, udzu wouma kapena peat. Mitengo iyenera kuthiriridwa m'mawa kwambiri kapena nthawi yamadzulo dzuwa litalowa. Kuphatikiza pa mulching, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi mkati mwake mozungulira, komanso kumachotsa namsongole nthawi zonse. Kwa mitengo yaying'ono, izi zikuyenera kuchitika kamodzi pa sabata.

Kutengera ndi kukula kwa mtengowo, mizere imodzi kapena ziwiri zimapangidwira kuthirira malinga ndi momwe korona amayambira. Kapenanso, mabowo ang'onoang'ono okwanira amathanso kupangidwa mozungulira.

Kanema: Kusamalira chitumbuwa

Pokhapokha ngati dzenjelo lidadzaza ndi feteleza wokhathamira komanso michere yambiri, simungathe kuthira manyowa m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zotsatira. Mitengo ya zaka zakubadwa za 3-4 sayenera kudutsana ndi feteleza (makamaka zofunikira), chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa mphukira kuwononga zipatso. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chovala chamizu, kumasula dothi pansi pamatcheri ndikofunikira kuti mizu ikhale yothandizirana bwino ndipo feteleza amafananirananso ndi dothi.

Gome: Kudyetsa chitumbuwa cha michere ndi feteleza komanso michere

Kukulunga ndikusula chisoti cha Miracle Cherry

Duke Miracle Cherry ndi wosakanizidwa wamatcheri ndi yamatcheri, kotero adalandira zikwizo zawo: Mtengowo udalandira kukula kwamatcheri, ndi malo a nthambi kuchokera kumatcheri. Masamba a maluwa amapezeka, ngati chitumbuwa - makamaka pamaluwa a maluwa ndi mphukira zapachaka. Ngati wosapanga bwino sanapangidwe moyenera, ndiye kuti korona wake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa a piramidi kumtunda, kusiyanasiyana ndi korona wakuda wa chitumbuwa. Mphukira zamitengo yazipatso zimayendetsa bwino zipatso zake, kuchepetsa zokolola ndikusokoneza njira zosonkhanitsa zipatso. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, kudulira nthambi zikuluzikulu ndi mphukira zokondweretsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Cholinga chachikulu cha kudulira kwamatcheri ndikupanga nthambi yolimba ndi chigoba, munthawi yake kukonzanso mphukira, kuwonjezera kukula kwa zipatso ndi nthawi yake, kuyang'anira kukula, kukonza zipatso. Kudulira kwa ma dykes kumachitika malinga ndi zaka za mtengowo: nthawi yophukira isanayambe - kupangira kolona kolondola, chitumbuwa chisanalowe mu nthawi yopanga zipatso - kukhazikitsa kukula kwamitengo ndi zipatso.

Kwa Wonder Cherry, mitundu yotsatulira iyi ndiyofunika:

1. Zodziwika. Ndi chithandizo chake, korona wamtundu wina ndi kukula amapangidwa, kupangidwa kwa nthambi za mafupa ndi zokopa kumachitika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande zazing'ono zomwe zikukula kwambiri, ndikupitilira mpaka nthawi ya zipatso. Kwa ma dykes mpaka zaka zisanu, kudulira kumachitika chaka chilichonse, pambuyo - ngati kuli kofunikira. Ndi kudulira, maziko a korona wa nthambi zamankhwala amaikidwapo, pomwe masamba ofunikira amakula kenako. Nthawi yomweyo, kudulira koyenera kumachitika. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa mtengowo ndikuthandizira zipatso.
2. Zowongolera (zothandizira). Zimakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge kukula kwa chisoti chachifumu ndikusunga mulingo wabwino kwambiri wowunikira mkati ndi kunja. Zotsatira zake, chiŵerengero cholondola chimapangidwa pakati pa zomerazo ndi zipatso zamatcheri. Kutalika kwa mphukira kukafika 30 cm, kudulira kokhazikika ndikupanga kuyanjana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa nthambi zamasamba ndi zipatso.
3. Anti-kukalamba. Kudulira kwamtunduwu kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano zochulukitsa kwa olamulira kuposa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa nthambi zokhala ndi maluwa kumachulukanso, komwe kumalola kukula kwa mtengo komanso kumathandizira kuchulukitsa zipatso.
4. Kudulira kosinthika kumachitika pamene mtengowo udawonongeka ndi nyengo zoyipa (matenda, tizirombo, chisanu) kapena pakakhala chisamaliro chofunikira. Kudulira kumathandiza mbewu kuti ibwerere ku kukula ndi zipatso.

Kuti mupange korona wabwino wamatcheri, chotsani mphukira zonse pansi pa nthambi zamiyala, ndikuwombera mphukira za nthambi zam'munsi, kukulitsa chisoti chachifumu ndi nthambi zikutukuka

Mfundo zikuluzikulu zopangira mbande zing'ono zing'ono:

1. Korona wa mtengowu amapangika molingana ndi chiwembu chongokhala.
2. Mbande za chaka chimodzi cha chitumbuwa amazidulira mutangobzala. Mphepo zamtsogolo zimafupikitsa masamba osachepera 3-4 omwe amakhala kwambiri. Mphukira yapakati (wochititsa) iyenera kukhala 10-15 masentimita pamwamba pa malo okula a mbali yakutsogolo. Ngati mmera uli ndi masamba okonzeka kutseguka, ayenera kuchotsedwa. Fupizirani mphukira zonse pansi 2/3 ya kutalika.
3. M'chaka chachiwiri mu nthawi yophukira, zophuka zonse pachaka ziyenera kukonzedwera ku nthambi yakunja kuti zikule zake sizikukula.
4. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu, nthambi za mafupa za 6-9 zimapangidwa pamalo a nthambi zomwe zidafupikitsidwa kale. Amadulidwa pakati, kusiya 50-60 cm chaka chatha. Mbali zopikisana zikuwombera kufupikitsa masamba atatu. Nthambi zokhazikika mkati mwa korona zimadulidwatu kuti zisakuza korona.

Kanema: Mkulu wodulira

Kudulira kwa Cherry kumachitika nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yotentha. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodula ma dykes imawonedwa ngati kutha kwa nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwa masika - asanaphuke. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kwa yozungulira kuyenera kukhala kosachepera + 8-10^ºC. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kubzala masamba ochepa kumafooketsa mbande zazing'ono. Amatcheri achikulire amathanso kudulira mu khumi oyambilira a June. Kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mtengowu kutha kupezeka pokonza gawo lakumwamba kwa korona. Opaleshoni iyenera kuchitika pambuyo yolowera mitengo mu zipatso. Kudulira koyambirira kumathandizira kukula kwa oyambitsa. Kuchepetsa korona kumachitika m'chilimwe, kuphatikiza ndi zokolola.

Kwa ana mbande zazing'ono, zomwe mpaka pano kulibe kukhuthala kwa korona, kudulira kungasinthidwe ndi deflection ya nthambi. Chifukwa cha izi, mphukira zolimba, zopangidwa bwino zomwe sizimagwira nawo mapangidwe a nthambi za chigoba, koma zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipatso, ndikupatuka kuchokera kumanzere ndi 45-60^º. Kupatuka koteroko kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse kukula kwa mtengowo ndikuthandizira kuti nthambi izikhala ndi zipatso. Chothandiza kwambiri pakuphatikiza zipatso ndi kuperewera kwa nthambi za mafupa a dongosolo loyamba ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi. Nthambi zikakanidwa, kuwongoka kwawo kuyenera kusamalidwa. Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri pochita izi ndi Meyi-June.

Njira zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posiyanitsa nthambi: zimamangiriridwa kumtengo kapena nthambi yaying'ono (mkuyu. 1,2,3), mpaka msomali pansi (mkuyu. 4) kapena chingwe chomwe chimatambasulidwa pansipa (mkuyu. 5), ndikuyikanso chingwe pakati pa nthambi chitsa ndi mtengo

Pogona mitengo yozizira

Cherries-dyukov amadziwika ndi zabwino yozizira hardness wa tsinde ndi pafupifupi yozizira hardiness zipatso masamba. Chifukwa chake, zochitika zapadera kuti akonze mitengo ya nthawi yozizira sizichitika.

Mitengo yaying'ono ya hybrids imakonda kupatsa mphamvu (80-120 cm) pachaka. Chigawo chawo chapamwamba (masentimita 30 mpaka 40) nthawi zambiri sichimakhazikika, chimazizira nyengo yozizira, ndipo kasupe amafunika kuchichotsa. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa aluso amalangiza kudula nsonga za mphukira yachilimwe ikafika masentimita 60-80. Izi zimathandizira kukula kwa mphukira theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Korona amakhala wonenepa, wotumphuka chilimwe (makamaka ngati dzinja lakhala louma komanso lotentha) amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kukhwima, kupendekera ndi chisanu popanda kuwonongeka kwa chisanu. Ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, korona wa Miracle Cherry amatha kupirira kutentha kwa chisanu mpaka 30^ºC. Nsagwada m'nyengo yachisanu yozizira, kenako kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka mphindi 25, ndizowopsa kwa iye^ºC. Izi zimayambitsa kuzizira kwa maluwa ndikupangitsa kuchepa, ndipo nthawi zina kusowa kwathunthu.

Kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa nyengo yozizira, kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Julayi ndikofunikira kuti mugwade kumtunda kwa masamba omwe sanatchulidwepo ndi arc kuti athe kuwunikira bwino komanso otetezeka ndi mapasa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kudzathandiza kusinthasintha kwakanthaŵi kwa zophuka pachaka komanso kuphukira kwapang'onopang'ono, kumene, kumakulitsa kuuma kwa mtengowo mwachangu, kuphukira kwa mtengowo kumathandizira komanso kukula kwa korona kumachepa.

G.M. Utochkin, membala wathunthu wa Moscow Institute of Applied Mathematics, Chelyabinsk Minda ya Russia Magazine, Na. 1, Marichi-Epulo 2010

Pokonzekera ma dykes nyengo yachisanu, ntchito zingapo ziyenera kuchitika m'mundamo:

1. Danga lomwe pansi pa mitengo limayeretsedwa ndi namsongole, zipatso zowonongeka ndi masamba. Nthaka iyenera kukumbidwa osaya ndi feteleza.
2. Ngati ndi kotheka (ngati nthawi yophukira ili youma), kuthirira kuthirira kwamadzi kumachitika - 50-60 l (zidebe zisanu ndi ziwiri) zamadzi pansi pamtengo umodzi. Mukathirira, dothi limasulidwa ndikulungika ndi kompositi kapena peat mpaka 10 cm.
3. Mitengo ya mitengo iyenera kutsukidwa ndi njereza ya m'munda kapena chisakanizo cha laimu wosalala. Kutalika kwa burashi kuyenera kufika pakati pa nthambi za chigoba.
4. Akuluakulu a olamulira sakhala ogwidwa ndi chisanu, motero sateteza chisanu. Zimayambira ndi nthambi zam'munsi zimateteza ku zowonongeka ndi makoswe. Kuti muchite izi, thunthu limakulungidwa bwino ndi mauna abwino. Kwa mbande zazing'ono, mauna kapena agromaterial amatha kuvulala pakati pa ukonde ndi thunthu.

Kudyera masamba kwa thunthu kutchinga kumathandizira kupewa maenje a chisanu nthawi yomweyo nyengo yozizira imalepheretsa kuphukira kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda pachimake

Matenda Aakulu ndi Tizilombo

Chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro zamatcheri ndi yamatcheri, ma dykes amalimbana ndi matenda oyipa kwambiri, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri, komanso ndikugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo tina tambiri. Kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma dykes ndi njira imodzi yothanirana ndi vutoli. Pakadali pano, mitundu yamakono ya chikhalidwe ichi imadziwika kuti imatsutsana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Komabe, mumkhalidwe wovuta nyengo (chilimwe chimazizira, nyengo yozizira kwambiri), chisamaliro choyenera kapena kusankha kwa chitumbuwa chosakhala choyenera m'deralo, nthawi zina ma dykes amatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kupewa matenda awa.

Matenda oyamba ndi fungulo Zamtengo Wapatso

Mitundu yaziphuphu imakonda kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda oopsa a chitumbuwa monga moniliosis ndi coccomycosis. Nthawi zina, mitengo imatha kukhudzidwa ndi claustosporiosis (hole blotch), cytosporosis, ndi anthracnose. Koma izi ndizosiyana ndi izi m'malo mwalamulo, ndipo ndi chisamaliro chabwino cha mitengo komanso luso lamalimidwe labwino, matenda awa atha kupewedwa. Komabe, pali chiwopsezo chenicheni cha matenda ena omwe Wonder Cherry angakhudzidwe.

Gome: Matenda amchere a zozizwitsa, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zithunzi Zojambula: Matenda a fungus a Duke

Kuphatikiza pa njira zothandizira kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus martini, pali chithandizo cha mitengo yazipatso kuchokera ku matenda mwa kupopera mbewuyo musanayambe maluwa ndi 2% yankho la Bordeaux osakaniza kapena mkuwa wa sulfate.

Tizilombo Tizilombo Todabwitsa

Mwa tizirombo tambiri tomwe timakhudzidwa ndi mitengo yazipatso, Duke Miracle Cherry atenga chiwopsezo chokhachokha cha chiwonetserochi, chitumbuwa ndi ntchentche.

Gome: Cherry Duke tizirombo ndi kuwongolera

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Zowonongeka kwa Cherry ndi Tizilombo

Njira zodzitchinjiriza ndi chitumbuwa cha ntchentche ndi izi: kukumba dothi pafupi-tsinde masentimita 15-20 mu nthawi yophukira ndi masika, kukolola kwathunthu. Kuthira utsi ndi chomera chilichonse chovomerezeka ndikofunikira: woyamba - masiku 10-12 pambuyo pa kuuluka, chachiwiri - masiku 10-12 pambuyo pake.

T. Alexandrova, wophatikiza zipatso, wazambiri zakuthambo Magazini Oyang'anira Magazi, No 2, February 2010

Kanema: Cherry Fly Miracle Cherry Processing

Njira imodzi yothana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kulimbana ndi nyerere. Amayala nsabwe za m'masamba atsopano, kukhazikika pamenepo ndikudyetsa pakama - zotsekemera za aphid. Pali njira zingapo zochotsera nyerere m'mundamo. Mutha kuthira madzi otentha mu anthill kapena kuithira mankhwala ndi Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Mtheradi. Kuchita bwino kumapezekanso mwa kukhazikitsa malamba osaka kwambiri pa tsinde la chitumbuwa. Kukwera thunthu, nyerere zimagwera pamtengo ndipo zimalephera kuyenda. Koma kuphatikiza pavuto lomwe nyerere zimayambitsa mwa kuswana nsabwe za m'masamba, zimabweretsa zabwino, ndikuwongolera m'munda. Pofuna kuti musasokoneze zachilengedwe, mungayesere kungochotsa tsambalo pamalowo.

Kanema: Zosokoneza chilengedwe

Ngati njira izi zowongolera nsabwe za m'masamba zinali zosakwanira kapena zigawo zake ndizochulukirapo, chitanipo kanthu - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Izi zimaphatikizira njira yolumikizirana (pompopompo) zochita, matumbo am'mimba komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Tizilombo tosakhazikika tomwe timawonedwa ngati ogwira ntchito kwambiri, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali (kuyambira milungu iwiri mpaka umodzi ndi theka mpaka miyezi iwiri, chifukwa amalowa mkati mwazinthu zamizimba pang'onopang'ono), komanso kukana kutsuka.

Simungagwiritse ntchito ndalamazi pakudula kwamatcheri (izi zimatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu) ndipo patadutsa mwezi umodzi tisanakolole.

Otetezeka kwambiri akuphatikiza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio, Actarin. Zochita zawo zimakhala ndi cholinga ndipo zimakhudza tizilombo tina tating'onoting'ono. Kuthirafula ndi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito masika musanayambe maluwa ndi pambuyo pake, komanso panthawi yopanga zipatso.

Kanema: Kukonzanso kwamatcheri kwa ma aphid

Chithandizo choyambirira cha ma dykes, kuwononga tizirombo tosasinthika tomwe sichidadzuke, chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chichitike kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, chakudya chisanayambe. Kufufuza kumachitika mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 7% yankho la urea (urea) - 700 g pa 10 malita a madzi ofunda. Kuthira kwachiwiri kumachitika mu gawo la "green cone" (chiyambi cha kuphukira kwa impso).

Kumwaza kumayenera kuchitika pokhapokha pamtunda wabwino wa mpweya - madigiri khumi.

Kutola, kusungira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kukolola kwa Miracle Cherry

Zosiyanasiyana Mirry Cherry amatanthauza yakucha koyambirira, zipatso zimapsa mchaka chachiwiri cha Juni. Zokolola zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizokwera kwambiri, zipatso 12-16 zamakoma, zotsekemera, zopatsa mchere zimakololedwa pamtengo umodzi. Monga mitundu yambiri ya ma dykes, Wonder Cherry ndiwosiyana siyana ndipo ali ndi chidwi chogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso pokonza. Zipatso zimayatsidwa ndi kuzizira mwachangu, timadziti topamwamba kwambiri, timatetezedwe, timbale, vinyo ndi zakumwa zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Zomwe zimafunidwanso ndizogulitsa zamaluwa mumakampani a confectionery.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Wonder Cherries Mukuphika

Pa mbewu yazipatso, pali magawo awiri okhwima - amachotsa komanso ogula:

• ndi kukhwima kochotsa, kukula kwa zipatso ndi kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kumalizidwa, zimakhala zoyenera zoyendera, kukonza zaukadaulo kapena kusungika kwakutali, koma osapeza mawonekedwe a kukoma konse omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yonseyo;
• kukhwima kwa ogula kumachitika pamene zipatso zimapeza mtundu wamtundu, fungo labwino komanso kukoma kosangalatsa;

Mumatcheri, kukhwima ndi kuchotsa kwa ogula zimagwirizana.

Pamaulendo owonjezera, zipatso za chitumbuwa zimakololedwa m'masiku 4-5, kuti zitheke, - patadutsa masiku awiri asanakwane kukhwima, ndikugulitsa pompopompo - pamkhalidwe wakukhazikika kwa ogula.

Pamagwiritsidwe ake, zipatso zimachotsedwa kwathunthu, chifukwa kumalongeza - 3 ... masiku 5, mayendedwe - 5 ... masiku 7 asanakhale okhwima kwathunthu. Amatcheri amatha kusungidwa kwa masiku 10 kuchokera tsiku lakusonkhanitsa pamtunda wa -0.5 ... 0ºº ndi chinyezi cha 90%. Ma Cherries achisanu amasungidwa kuyambira miyezi 9 mpaka 12. Popanga zipatso zouma, mitundu yokhala ndi nkhani youma yazipatso imasankhidwa.

Yu.V. Trunov, dokotala S.-kh. sayansi, pulofesa Kukula zipatso, 2012

Omwe akuimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa

Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa Miracle Cherry, banja la atsogoleri limayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu yambiri. Amakhala ndi mikhalidwe yambiri, monga kuuma kwambiri kwa dzinja, mawonekedwe abwino a chipatso, kukana matenda akuluakulu, zipatso zazikulu komanso zipatso zambiri. Kusiyanaku ndikuti m'mabwana ena nthawi yachisanu kumazizira chimazizira kamodzi kokha kamatha kuwonongeka, pomwe ena - komanso mphukira ndi mafinya. Mulingo wambiri wa chisanu umaletsa madera kulimidwa kwa mbewuyi: kumpoto, ma dykes samacha ndipo samabala bwino zipatso.

Gome: Zolemba zazikuluzikulu za chitumbuwa

Kanema: Chiwonetsero cha mitundu ya chithunzithunzi

Opukutira abwino kwambiri amitundu mitundu ya zipatso zonyozeka:

1. Namwino Wamtsogoleri - Misonkhano ya Cherries, Podbelskaya; mitundu yamatcheri Krupnoplodnaya, Valery Chkalov.
2. Dyuk Ivanovna - Cherries Shalunya, Podbelskaya; mitundu yamatcheri Akuluakulu, Franz Joseph.
3. Duke Nadezhda - Cherries a Kent, Akuluakulu, Lada; mitundu yamatcheri Valery Chkalov, Akuluakulu.
4. Duke Griot Melitopol - yamatchuthi Kudikirira, Misonkhano, Podbelskaya ndi yamatchu mitundu Vinka ndi Valery Chkalov.
5. Duke Toy - yamatcheri a minx, Samsonovka ndi yamatcheri Valery Chkalov, Wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, Franz Joseph.

Ndemanga

Sindilankhula za mitundu yaku Russia tsopano, koma ku Ukraine ndiabwino kwambiri: Misonkhano, Toy, Miracle Cherry, Favorite. Cherries Alpha, Donetsk chimphona, Erdie Botherme ndi ena. Mwa njira, Podbelskaya amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe - Griot Podbelsky. Zoyengeka ndipo ziyenera kukhala zowoneka bwino, zopatsa zipatso komanso zokulira zipatso zambiri - chifukwa ndimtundu wamitundu yamatcheri.

Stanislav N., Kiev//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=25

Ndina katemera wamatcheri (Iput, Fatezh) pa chitumbuwa cha Vladimir mu korona - mtengowo "unawotchedwa", koma sanathe kudwala. Koma zonse zimayenera kuchotsedwa. Palinso Mtengo wa Cherry Duke.

Boris 12, Moscow//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=37

Njuchi zimapukutira chitumbuwa chodabwitsa, sipadzakhalanso mavuto ndi kupukutidwa ku Donetsk, pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi zipatso zamtengo wapatali m'munda. M'zaka zosowa, chifukwa cha nyengo, njuchi zimatha kuuluka, ndipo zimakhala bwino kwambiri ngati mitundu ya pollinator imakula pafupi. Pafupi - ndi mpaka 10 mita, moyandikira, bwino. Pukutira, kubzala mitengo sikudalira mbali ya dziko, ndikofunikira pano pomwe mphepo iwomba.

Cherry, Ukraine//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-1752-p-2.html

Kuti mitundu ya coccomycosis yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukana ikwanira. Koma izi sizofunika kwambiri, ngati mtundu umodzi wokha womwe ungagwiritsidwe ndi moniliosis ungakhale mphatso. Ine ndekha amene ndikulima - Miracle Cherry, mtengo wachichepere, woyamba maluwa anali. Chaka chatha, motsutsana ndi maziko opatsirana opatsirana (mamitala 15 kutali, mitengo yonse yofiira yamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku moniliosis) sanadwale, adapereka zipatso zingapo. Pafupi ndi Julia sanali kudwalanso. Ndikuganiza tsogolo la atsogoleri ...

Evgeny Polyanin, Kamyshin, Dera la Volgograd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=37

Cherry yodabwitsa - chisankho chabwino! Maluwa odabwitsa a Cherry pamodzi ndi ma cherries oyambirira, omwe amapukutira bwino, koma pali ena - a Valery Chkalov, mwachitsanzo. Chozizwitsa Cherry chokha sichingamvere aliyense; mungu wake ndi wosabala. Anthu oyandikana nawo samamera yamatcheri, iyenso akadapeza pollinator :)? Kwa ochita kupukusa, nayi mawu ochokera kwa wolemba zamitundu: "Oipitsa abwino kwambiri ndi mitundu yabwino ya zipatso: Donetsk ugolok, Donchanka, Yaroslavna, Homestead, Mlongo, Annushka ndi ena. Kusiyana kwake ndi Valery Chkalov, wachikulire Drogan, Krupnoplodnaya, Farewell ndi Valeria (L. I. Taranenko, 2004). "

Ptichka, Ukraine//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-1752-p-2.html

Kudziwa zabwino ndi zovuta za dyukas, mawonekedwe amitundu ndi mawonekedwe osamalira mbewuyi, sizovuta kusankha chinyama choyenera chomera chanu. Chachikulu ndichakuti mitengo yathanzi imapereka chisangalalo mu kasupe - fungo lamaluwa, komanso chilimwe - zipatso zapamwamba. Ngakhale wokonza dimba wosakhwima angathe kumanga chodabwitsa komanso chokongola ngati Chozizwitsa pamalo ake.