Stafilokokkoz mbalame (Stafilokokkosis avium) - ayi kapena enzootic matenda opatsirana za mitundu yonse mbalame zoweta ndi zakuthengo, yodziwika ndi pachimake, subacute ndi zochita aakulu ndi zizindikiro matenda a septicemia, nyamakazi, synovitis, kloatsitov, ndipo nthawi n'kukhala - vesicular dermatitis, kutupa m'njira za m'mphuno infraorbital ndi ndolo.
Lero, matendawa amalembedwa m'mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Amadziwika ndi kutengeka kochepa komanso kufa kwapang'ono.
Chimodzimodzi ndi nkhuku zowonongeka, zomwe zimasungidwa ndi makina opangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi kapena ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka katemera.
Kodi mbalame imachita chiyani?
Tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalikira ku mitundu yonse ya mbalame.
Mwa nkhuku za staphylococcosis odwala:
- atsekwe;
- abakha;
- nkhuku za miyezi 11-16;
- chiti;
- pheasants;
- mbalame ya guinea
Staphylococcus inalembedwa koyamba ndi kufotokozedwa ngati matenda osiyana zaka 100 zapitazo.
Masiku ano, matendawa akufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa nkhuku zowakomera, zikazi, ziboliboli, ziphuphu, ndi mayary zimasonyeza kuti chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu.
Njira zogwiritsira ntchito staphylococcosis kwa mbalame:
- kukhudzana, ndiko kuti, ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji kwa mbalame yodwala ndi yathanzi;
- Mwachitsanzo, kutulutsa njoka za nkhuku zowononga magazi;
- pakamwa - pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya ndi madzi owonongeka.
Zinthu zotumizira:
- zinthu zosamalidwa;
- malonda;
- zakhudzana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi madzi.
Mawonetseredwe a matendawa angapereke Kuphwanya malamulo a nkhuku.
Kukhala ndi chipinda chodontho, chakudya chokwanira kwambiri, zakudya zoperewera, kutentha kwadzidzidzi kumasintha nkhuku, kutaya mpweya wokwanira, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuwonjezeka kwa ammonia mumlengalenga, nkhuku zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza. Komanso, chifukwa cha matendawa ndi katemera wa nkhuku ndi katemera woteteza katemera.
Kawirikawiri, matenda a staphylococcal amawonetsedwa pamodzi ndi pasteurellosis, Escherichia coli, Proteus, ndi Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Chipata cha matenda nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowonongeka pamtunda chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa miyendo, scallops ndi ndolo. Mu nkhuku zatsopano, malo a kachilombo ka HIV angakhalenso kansalu kosaoneka, komwe kumayambitsa kukula kwa omphalitis.
Njira zing'onozing'ono zopangira opaleshoni monga kudula mlomo, zikho, kuchotsa nthenga, kapena marenteral administration a katemera zingayambitsenso matenda.
Ndi kuchepa kwa ziweto za mthupi chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana omwe amagwira ntchito za thumba la Fabricius kapena thymus ngati matendawa ali ndi staphylococcus nkhuku, zimawonetseratu kuti thupi limakhala lopweteka kwambiri.
Kusokonekera kwachuma kuchokera ku matenda makamaka ndi:
- kuchepetsa mazira (pafupifupi 5-20%, koma mwina apamwamba);
- kufa kwa anthu (3-15% mwa odwala);
- zoperewera kuchoka (10-30%).
Kuwonjezera apo, ndalama zowonjezerapo zimaphatikizapo ndalama zothandizira komanso kuteteza nkhuku.
Causative agent
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a staphylococcus - nthumwi ya mtundu wa Staphylococcus wa banja Micrococcaceae.
Izi ndi tizilombo tating'ono, makilogalamu 0,8-1 kukula, osasunthika.
Mukakajambula pa Gram - zabwino. Mikangano ndi makapisozi sizimapanga. Mu smear yokonzedwa m'magulu omwe amafanana ndi masango a mphesa.
Anthu oimira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya staphylococcus nthawi zambiri amakhala okhaokha ndi nkhuku.:
- St. pyogenes albus;
- St. pyogenes citreus;
- St. aureus;
- St. epidermatis.
St. aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo amtundu wa mbalame, mapepala a tendon ndi ziwalo za miyendo. Kawirikawiri, ikhoza kukhala pakhomo, mu yolk sac, mtima, vertebrae, pa maso, komanso m'chiwindi ndi m'mapapu monga mawonekedwe a granulomas.
Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za staphylococci ndizo maseŵera awo a enzyme, exo-andotootoins.
Zochitika ndi zizindikiro
Nthawi yotenga nthawi ya matendawa ikhoza kutha maola 48 mpaka 72.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa kutuluka, mawonekedwe ovuta komanso osapitirira amadziwika. Mu chipatala chachikulu, zizindikiro zimawoneka ngati dermatitis yowonongeka, khungu la khungu lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kutupa kwa nembanemba.
Ngati matendawa ndi aakulu, matendawa amawoneka ndi kuchepa kwa njala, kuchepa kwa zokolola, kutopa komanso ankylosis.
Kumayambiriro kwa zizindikiro za matendawaNdikhoza kuphatikizapo wopusa pamlingo umodzi, kuthamanga, kuphulika, kupunthwa kwa mapiko awiri onse. Mbalame imayamba kugwira ntchito, imakhala ndi malungo. Pazifukwa zovuta, matenda ovutika maganizo angayambe, kenako amwalira.
Ngati matendawa akhala aakulu, ziwalo za mbalame zomwe zakhudzidwa zidzakula. Amakhala pansi, pansi pamapazi ake ndipo amadalira pachifuwa chake. Mbalameyi ikulephera kugwira ntchito.
Zojambula za Aarshotz zimawoneka zabwino pansi pa dzuwa chifukwa cha mtundu wawo!Kodi mukufunikira kuphunzira momwe mungagwirire ndi pasteurellosis nkhuku? Pano inu mudzapeza yankho!
Staphylococcal omphalitis imasonyezedwa ndi kutupa m'mimba mwa mphete ya umbilical ndi minofu yoyandikana ndi mapangidwe a necrosis m'dera lino.
Pochita kafukufuku wamakono a odwala, kutupa kwa mbali ya nkhope ya mutu ndi malo ochepetsetsa amadziwika. Nthaŵi zina, malo obiriwira a mtundu wa bluu amitundu yosiyanasiyana akhoza kuwonedwa pamphuno.
Zosokoneza
Kuzindikira kwa matendawa kumapangidwa m'njira yovuta: pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chachipatala, deta yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pa zotsatira za autopsy ndi labotolo ndi kutulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pofuna kudziŵa nthawi zonse, muyenera kutenga mbalame yodwalayo smear, scrape kapena kusamba Kuchokera ku malo okhudzidwa kapena zowonongeka kuchokera ku mbalame yokayikira.
Kuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mu laboratori kuchokera kumadera okhudzidwa ndi ziwalo zimatulutsa BCH (nyama ya peptone msuzi) kapena MPA (peptone agar). Zotsatira zake zimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero.
Staphylococcosis iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi pasteurellosis ndi pullorosis.. Kuchokera ku matenda omwe sali othandizira, m'pofunika kuchotsa kuwonongeka (kuchokera ku kusowa kwa zinthu zina) ndi dermatitis yotengedwa ndi thiamine. Kuyika ma biroseti kuti azindikire kuchulukitsa kwa staphylococcus pa nkhuku zapakati pa 30-60 zapakati pa matenda a intraperitoneal.
Chithandizo
Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, mbalame yodwala imachotsedwa panyumba, ndipo imatetezedwa motetezedwa.
Nyama imasiya kupereka chakudya chokayikitsa cha nyama, kuyendetsa kafukufuku wawo pokhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuchiza, magulu osiyanasiyana a antibiotic amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Posankha mankhwala ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pa deta ya deta pamtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chikhalidwe cha mbalame yodwalayo chimawerengedwa. Mankhwalawa akhale oyenera. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza thupi omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lonse likhale ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuphatikizapo mavitamini.
Kupewa ndi kuyesetsa
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, pamakhala njira zowonongeka kuti zithandize zakudya ndi nkhuku.
Kumalo kumene mbalameyi imasungidwa, mankhwalawa amatuluka pamaso pa mbalame pogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri aerosols a lactic acid, resorcinol, bianol, triethylene glycol.
Kutaya makina opangira mazira ndi mazira opangira mazira, kumangirira, kufufuza ndi mazira amagwiritsira ntchito 40% ya solution formaldehyde mu chiŵerengero cha 10-15 ml pa 1 mita imodzi yamphindi ya chipinda. Kutentha mmenemo sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 15. Nthawi yowonekera - maola 6.
Amayesetsa kuteteza mbalameyi chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azivutika maganizo, monga kubwerera kwa nthawi yaitali, kuphwanya malamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wamoyo.
Pofuna kupewa nkhuku m'mapulasi omwe sagwirizana ndi staphylococcus, amagwiritsira ntchito staphylococcal toxoid. Nkhuku zimatemera katemera pa sabata pa masiku 10-20.
Anatoxin imatha kuperekedwa mozizwitsa komanso piritsi. Kutetezeka kwa thupi kumabwera mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mutatha chithandizo chotsiriza ndikukhala kwa miyezi iwiri.
