Kalelo, ng'ombe zimadya udzu wokha, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, udzu, wokonzedwa bwino ndi wokhalamo. Komabe, mu msinkhu wathu wamakono, njira zotetezera zoweta ziweto zimakhalabe zocheperapo, ndipo mu zikhalidwe za famu yayikulu kapena famu ya mkaka palibe.
Pachifukwa ichi, obereketsa akhala akugwiritsira ntchito chakudya chamtundu umodzi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito polerera ana, koma zakudya zoyenera zinyama zazing'ono zili ndi zizindikiro zake zomwe zimayenera kuganiziridwa kuti zisawononge matenda a m'mimba ndi mavuto ena ndi njira ya mwana wamagazi.
Ubwino ndi ubwino wodyetsa ziweto
Ubwino wogwiritsira ntchito chakudya popanga chakudya cha ng'ombe ndizodziwikiratu. Makamaka, ubwino wa chakudya cha mtundu uwu ndi wakuti:
- zimaphatikizapo zofunikira zonse zokhudzana ndi zinyama (mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya, mavitamini ndi mchere) m'madzi omwe amadziwika bwino ndi mlimi, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti n'zotheka kukonza ndi kusintha zakudya za ng'ombe malinga ndi zifukwa zina (stables, kudyetsa zilonda, amayi oyembekezera, ana a zaka zosiyana, nyama zofooka kapena zofooka, etc.);
- Kuonetsetsa kuti zinyama zimalandira zowonjezera zowonjezera zakudya zopatsa thanzi;
- amalola "kulimbikitsa" ng'ombe kuti idye zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika pa thanzi lake kuti nyamayo imakana kudya mwa mawonekedwe ake;
- bwino kwambiri;
- chosavuta;
- ali ndi kukoma kokoma ndipo amadya kwathunthu ndi nyama (zochepa zoperewera);
- zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha ng'ombe chikhale chitetezeka, chimapereka chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ambiri;
- kumalimbikitsa zikhalidwe zobereka za nyama;
- zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kusinthasintha (kukula kwa granule) ndi zolemba, zomwe zimakulolani kusankha njira yoyenera ya nyama ya msinkhu uliwonse ndi cholinga;
- ali otetezeka ku malo osungira, osasokoneza odyetserako, alibe ma microflora, omwe angakhale nawo pazinthu zachilengedwe (udzu, udzu, zakudya zowonongeka) - Chifukwa chake, ng'ombe sizingadwale, chiwerengero cha imfa ya zinyama zimachepa;
- kumachepetsa njira yokolola nkhokwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yowonjezera ikuwonjezere komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zogulitsa zonse (kuwonjezera phindu la bizinesi);
- Zimangoyendetsa mosavuta komanso yosungirako bwino, yosungunuka pang'ono, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono kumakhala chinyezi kapena kutentha, ndipo amakhala ndi malo osachepera (poyerekeza ndi udzu womwewo);
- kukulolani kuti mukhale ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera komanso zoyenerera za nyama ndi mkaka ndi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya.
Onetsetsani kuti ng'ombe, ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe zimakhala zolemera bwanji, komanso momwe mungazindikire kulemera kwa ziweto popanda zolemera.
Ndikofunikira! Zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zodyetsa nyama, makamaka kuphatikizapo mavitamini othandizira, kumapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa zoweta za ng'ombe (phindu la kulemera, kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi mafuta ake) kotsiriza, ndipo nthawi zina ndi theka poyerekezera ndi kudyetsa zakudya zakuthupi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwachinyamatayi kupha kulemera kwake pogwiritsa ntchito makositsidwe amasiku ano akhoza kuchepetsedwa kuchokera pa miyezi 16 mpaka 12.
Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya, mlimi akhoza kutsimikiza kuti ma ward ake amalandira tirigu wamtengo wapatali ndi nyemba, udzu ndi ufa wa pine, mavitamini ndi mchere "mu botolo limodzi." Ngati tilankhula za zofooka, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kudyetsa omwe ali ochepa. Pankhaniyi, tingathe kuzindikira okha:
- mtengo wapatali wa mitundu ina ya zinthu zoterezi;
- ndondomeko zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito zamakono;
- zolakwika zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuphwanya mlingo, kupanga, kupanga zipangizo zamakono kunyumba, ndi zina zotero, zingasokoneze umoyo ndi zokolola za ziweto;
- Poyambitsa chakudya cham'mbuyo mwamsanga, mwanayo akhoza kukumana ndi vuto lakumagwirira ntchito;
- ngati ng'ombe kuyambira ali mwana sizizoloŵera chakudya cha mtundu uwu, akhoza kukana kwathunthu popanda kuvomereza kukoma kapena kusakondweretsa kapangidwe ka chakudya chatsopano. Pankhani iyi, mlimi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zina.
Zosiyanasiyana
Chigawo chimadya mosiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, cholinga, ndi zina. Kotero ng'ombe zobereketsa, mimba, kuyamwa, ng'ombe zowuma ndi ana akusowa chakudya chosiyana. Kuwonjezera apo, kwachinyamatayi pali kusiyana kosiyana kwa zakudya zotsakaniza malinga ndi zaka, mwachitsanzo, opanga amapereka chakudya cha mwana:
- kuyambira tsiku la 10 mpaka 75 la moyo;
- kuyambira tsiku la 76 mpaka 115 la moyo;
- kuyambira tsiku la 116 mpaka la 400 la moyo;
- kuyambira miyezi 1 mpaka 6;
- kuyambira miyezi 6 mpaka 12;
- kuyambira miyezi 12 mpaka 18, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya zinyama, ng'ombe zimakhala zosasamala kwambiri ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa, koma zimasonyeza kuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pa chakudya.Nkhaniyi imakhudza achinyamata, chifukwa chake ndi kofunika kuti mlimi wachangu azidziŵa makhalidwe apadera a mtundu uliwonse wa zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa ndikusankha zomwe zili zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wake.
Mu mawonekedwe a kumasulidwa
Kutulutsidwa kwa fomu - imodzi mwazofunikira za mtundu wa chakudya cha nyama. Mafupa, zowonongeka, chakudya cha granulated ndi briquettes amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Masowa
Chakudya chosakanikirana ndi chakudya chosakanikirana choyeretsedwa ndi chophwanyika ku zigawo zofunikira zomwe zimapanga chakudya chodyera cha ng'ombe (udzu, udzu, keke, tirigu, nyemba, nyama ndi mafupa, zakudya zosiyanasiyana za vitamini ndi mineral, etc.), koma zimagwirizana ndi mapepala ena a sayansi.
Pakhoza kukhala mitundu itatu yopera - yaying'ono, yamkati ndi yayikulu.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zisanu mwa khumi mwa khumi zomwe sizikhala moyo kuti ziphe msinkhu zimafa ndi matenda a m'mimba kapena ma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya. Kotero, kupambana kwa ulimi wa ng'ombe ndi malonda ogulitsa kumadalira molingana ndi ubwino wa chakudya.Njirayi ndi yosavuta kukonzekera, choncho, ceteris paribus, ndi yotchipa kusiyana ndi mafomu awiriwo (ngati mtengo wa pellets kapena briquettes ndi wochepa kusiyana ndi chakudya chambiri, izi zikutanthauza kuti mapeto ake ndi apamwamba kwambiri).
Granulated feed
Pachifukwa ichi, mawonekedwe osasunthika okonzedwa ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambayi amagwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chapadera, chotchedwa granulator, amatsindikizidwa pansi pa kuthamanga kwakukulu kuti zikhale zikuluzikulu za granules zofanana, kawirikawiri mawonekedwe ozungulira ndi kukula kwake.
Kukula kwa granule iliyonse, malingana ndi msinkhu wa chinyama chimene chogulitsidwacho chiyenera kudyetsedwa, ndi kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 19 mm.
Granules ali ndi ubwino wambiri pa chakudya chambiri, chomwe ndi:
- Iwo ndi osavuta kusunga ndikusamutsa;
- Iwo ndi abwino kwambiri kwa minda ndi kudyetsa ng'ombe;
- Zomwe zimapangidwira sizingatheke kuwonongeka ndipo zimaperekedwa mofanana (zowonongeka, zomwe zimatchedwa kudzipangira yekha).
- Amapereka ndalama zocheperako pokhapokha atagwiritsidwa ntchito (granulate imataya pang'ono kuchokera kwa odyetsa);
- Zakudya zowonjezereka zimapangika mu mitundu yosavuta kwambiri ya digestible, ndipo mavitamini onse amasungidwa;
- Kukonzekera kwina kumaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingakhalepo mu zipangizo zoyambirira.
Werengani za magawo odyetsa a ana aamuna ndi mavitamini omwe nyama zinyama zimafuna kukula mofulumira.
Amakongoletsedwa
Zimakonzedwa mofanana ndi granular, koma zimapanga mawonekedwe akuluakulu, omwe amatha kukhala ndi zigawo zosiyana. Maziko, kapena osachepera theka la chakudya choterocho amakhala ndi zigawo zochepa (udzu, udzu), ndi kutsimikizira mtundu wa briquette, monga lamulo, molasses amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Musanagwiritse ntchito ma briquettes ayenera kuti aphwanyidwe, koma ndi yabwino kwambiri phukusi, kutengedwa ndi kusungidwa, zomwe zimapanga mawonekedwewa makamaka okongola ziweto zazikulu.
Kuti tipite
Posankha zakudya, mlimi ayenera kulingalira osati mawonekedwe ake ndi chikhalidwe (kugonana, zaka, cholinga) cha nyama zomwe chakudyachi chikulingalira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zakudya zina ndizokwanira zowonjezera, pamene zina ndi zowonjezeretsa kapena zakudya zowonjezera. Kuti musasokoneze, munthu ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zizindikiro zovomerezeka zomwe zimasonyezedwa ndi wopanga phukusi.
Polnoratsionny (PC)
Mtundu wa chakudya chophatikizanawu umaphatikizapo zinthu zonse zofunika pa gulu loyenerera la zinyama kuti zikhale zachilengedwe komanso zowonjezeka. Zomwe zimapanga mankhwalawa makamaka ndi tirigu, makamaka oats, tirigu ndi balere, komabe, pakupanga mawonekedwe enieni, "gulu la ogula" limaganiziridwa - magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha nyama.
Mwachitsanzo Ng'ombe zazing'onoting'ono zimapatsidwa ma PC oyambirira, kuonetsetsa kuti palipopopotolo komanso kukula. Kenaka, mitundu yambiri ya chakudya imayambira mu zakudya, ndi zina zotero. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti pakhale zokolola za munthu aliyense ndipo, motero, kuonetsetsa kuti chuma chonse chikuyenda bwino.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe yamphongo yochokera ku Japan ng'ombe Wagyu ndi nyama yokwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lonse. Chilogalamu ya feleti yoteroyo ikhoza kuwononga ndalama zoposa madola 500, ndipo makamaka zidutswa zabwino nthawi zina zimakhala za $ 1,000 chifukwa cha steak yaing'ono. Kuti apeze nyama yamtengo wapatali, a ku Japan amadyetsa nyama zawo ndi zitsamba zabwino zokha, aziwamwetsa ndi mowa ndi kupaka misala chifukwa. Ndipo alimi ochokera ku Australia, posachedwa akukulabe ng'ombe izi, mmalo mwa mowa "plebeian" amapatsa vinyo wofiira kwambiri.PC ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi zoweta zoweta m'malo mwa minda yaing'ono ya udzu, silage ndi zosakaniza zomwe sizingapereke zotsatira zofanana.
Wokonda (K)
Mosiyana ndi zakudya zamapamwamba, zowonjezera zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mchere, mavitamini ndi fiber. Sitikukonzekera kuti adzalandire mtundu wina wa chakudya, koma ndi kuwonjezera pa izo, mtundu wa feteleza, womwe wapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwa nyama ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo chake. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchitozi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri - makhabodidirate ndi mapuloteni apamwamba. Zakale zimachokera ku chimanga, mapira, tirigu, balere (zomwe zili m'thupi zimadzafika 70%), zomwe zimaphatikizapo soya, nandolo ndi nyemba zina, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya keke ya ufa (mapuloteni okhutira mpaka 25%). 
Zakudya zowonjezereka zimagwiritsidwa bwino kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, kuziwatsitsa ndi tirigu, udzu, silage, udzu ndi mizu. Kutalika kwa chiwerengero cha zoterezi zomwe zimayika mu zakudya siziyenera kupitirira 50%.
Zimapangidwira kwa ana a ng'ombe mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena osakaniza ndi madzi ngati phala.
Dyetsani zosakaniza
Ndipotu, zakudya zosakaniza zimayimira zakudya zabwino zonse zamphongo, zomwe zingaperekedwe pogwiritsira ntchito. Mitundu ingapo ya chakudya choyikirapo (kuphatikizapo zimagawenga ndi mapuloteni) imasakanikirana pamodzi ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi udzu wa udzu, komanso molasses kapena purified feed urea, yomwe ndi gwero la nitrogen.
Ndikofunikira! Urea akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kudyetsa zosakaniza kwa ng'ombe zomwe zikulemera makilogalamu 250. Mimba ya mwana wamphongo ndi yofooka kwambiri ya microflora kukonza ammonia.Mitengo yapamwamba ya zakudya imatha kukonzekera, ndipo ziweto zazikulu zimapanga zomwezo. Komabe, izi zimafuna kwambiri kutsatira tsatanetsatane, choncho alimi oyang'anira ntchito nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mwayi wogula chakudya chokonzekera, chomwe chimaphatikizapo zigawo zonse zofunikira pazomwe zilili.
Zowonjezera (BVD)
"BVD" yophiphiritsira imaphatikizapo mapuloteni othandizira mavitamini. Chomwe chimapangidwira mtundu umenewu, chimaphatikizapo, mapuloteni, mavitamini ndi mchere wofunika kwambiri kuti mwana wa ng'ombe azikhala ndi chitukuko. BVD amalola mlimi kukonzekera chakudya chokwanira kwa nkhosa zake, kuwonjezera chakudya chake ndi mapuloteni, mavitamini ndi mchere powonjezera 20-25% BVD. 
Zolemba (P)
Ndalama zapamwamba zimalinso chakudya chokwanira ku zakudya za ng'ombe. Zapangidwira kuti zipindule chakudya chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mlimi ndi mavitamini, zofunika zamagazi ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha nyama chikhale chokwanira komanso chikulitse kukula kwake.
Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire mwana wang'ombe pakagula ndi zomwe mukuzitcha kuti mukuziganizira.
Maziko a premixes amakhala tirigu wa tirigu ndi tirigu, komanso chakudya ndi rapse kapena chakudya cha soya. Mosiyana ndi BVD, pali zochepa zoonjezera zowonjezereka m'magulu osakaniza - osaposa peresenti imodzi. 
Chimene chimaphatikizidwapo mu chakudya
Chakudya chophatikizana cha ng'ombe, ndithudi, chimakhala chosiyana kwambiri, komabe ngati tilankhula za gulu lathunthu, zimakhala monga:
- mbewu - balere, mapira, chimanga, oats, tirigu (kutsindika kumaikidwa pamwamba, mpaka 70%, ma carbohydrate zili ndi mapuloteni ochepa). Nkhoma zambiri zimapanga 65% ya zakudya zosakaniza;
- nyemba - soya, nandolo, nyemba, lupins. Gulu la mankhwalawa lapangidwa kuti lipereke thupi la nyama ndi mapuloteni athunthu;
- msuzi (udzu, udzu);
- nyama ndi fupa;
- Kutaya kwa chikhalidwe cha sabata la Pancake (mkate, chakudya);
- udzu ndi ufa wa pini;
- nyama ndi nsomba za nsomba;
- mchere kwambiri;
- Mitengo yamchere (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potaziyamu, sulfure, manganese, chitsulo, nthaka, ayodini, mkuwa, cobalt, selenium, etc.);
- mavitamini othandizira mavitamini (carotene, cholecalciferol, tocopherol, menadione, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, pantothenic acid, biotin).
Timalangiza kudziwa zomwe tingachite ngati mwana wang'ombe ali waulesi ndipo sadya bwino.
Ndi zaka zingati komanso momwe angadyetse ana a ng'ombe
Pali chakudya choyambirira kwa ana a ng'ombe, omwe amafunira kuti azidyetsa ana kuyambira zaka zitatu. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti masabata awiri kuchokera nthawi yoberekera sizimaphatikizapo chakudya cha mwana wamphongo chakudya china chosiyana ndi chala. Kenaka mukhoza kuyambitsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mkaka wonse, mbatata, mbatata yophika ndi zakudya zosakaniza. Pankhaniyi, mkaka wa mwana wa ng'ombe uyenera kupitiriza kulandira miyezi itatu.
Chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha chakudya cha ana palibe. Ng'ombe zazing'ono zimakhala ndi zofooka kwambiri, zomwe mlimi akuyenera kusintha, ndipo apa zonse ziri zapadera. Panthawiyi, pamene mwanayo akudya zakudya zosakaniza zomwe mwana amadya zimakwanira kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, tirigu kapena "wamkulu" omwe amagawana chakudya amayamba kudya pang'ono. Kawirikawiri, mu miyezi itatu ya moyo, makanda amadya pafupifupi makilogalamu 18 oyambitsa kusakaniza pamodzi ndi mkaka wonse ndi makilogalamu 25 oyambira pamene akugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wochuluka kapena olowa mkaka.
Mukudziwa? M'masiku oyambirira a moyo, mwana wang'ombe amatha kumwa makilogalamu asanu ndi atatu (8) a colostrum komanso kuchepetsa chilakolako cha mwana nthawiyi sizingatheke.Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chophatikizana cha kulera ng'ombe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya njira yamakono yoperekera ziweto. Chakudyachi chili ndi ubwino wambiri wosatsutsika pa zakudya zokhudzana ndi zakudya zowonjezera, komabe mosiyana ndi izi, zimadalira njira yochokera kwa mlimi ndi chisamaliro chachikulu. Zambiri ndi zosowa za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi zowonjezera zingasokoneze kukula kwa achinyamata komanso zokolola za gulu la akulu, ndipo ngati zolakwa zazikulu zitha, zimayambitsa matenda ndi nyama.
