Sikuti aliyense amadziwa ammonium nitrate, choncho tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino fetelezayi, komanso tipeze momwe akugwiritsire ntchito. Ammonium nitrate ndi granular mchere feteleza wa mtundu woyera ndi imvi, yachikasu kapena pinki, mthunzi wa mamita anayi.
Ammonium nitrate kufotokozera ndikupanga feteleza
Feteleza wotchedwa "ammonium nitrate" - njira yabwino kwambiri pakati pa nyengo ya chilimwe, yomwe yapezeka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa 35% ya nayitrogeni, yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri kuti kukula kwa zomera zikule.
Nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chowongolera kukula kwa masamba obiriwira, poonjezera mlingo wa mapuloteni ndi gluten mu tirigu, komanso kuonjezera zokolola. 
Mukudziwa? Kuwonjezera pa dzina lakuti "ammonium nitrate", palinso ena: "ammonium nitrate", "ammonium salt wa nitric acid", "ammonium nitrate".
Ammonia ndi nitric acid amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate ali ndi zotsatirazi zolemba: nayitrogeni (kuyambira 26 mpaka 35%), sulfure (mpaka 14%), calcium, potaziyamu, magnesium. Chiwerengero cha zochitika mu nitrate zimadalira mtundu wa feteleza. Kukhalapo kwa sulufule m'nthaka zamakono, kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo imveke mwamsanga komanso mofulumira.
Mitundu ya ammonium nitrate
Oyera ammonium nitrate ndi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malingana ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zosowa za agrarians, mankhwalawa amadzaza ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti ndibwino kudziwa chomwe ammonium nitrate ali.
Pali mitundu yambiri yambiri:
Simple ammonium nitrate - woyamba wa agrochemical makampani. Ankafuna kudzaza zomera ndi nayitrogeni. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa zowonjezera zowonjezera mbeu zomwe zimakula m'kati mwake ndipo zikhoza kukhala m'malo mwa urea.
Ammonium nitrate mtundu B. Pali mitundu iwiri: yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa mbande, ndi nthawi yochepa ya masana, kapena maluwa omwe amamera feteleza pambuyo pachisanu. Kawirikawiri, n'zotheka kugula izo m'makilogalamu 1 m'masitolo, chifukwa zasungidwa bwino.
Potaziyamu ammonium nitrate kapena Indian. Ndibwino kuti mupatse mitengo ya zipatso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo. Komanso sypyat mu nthaka asanadzalemo tomato, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa potaziyamu bwino kukoma kwa phwetekere.
Ammonium nitrate. Amatchedwanso Norway. Ipezeka mu mitundu iwiri - yophweka ndi yofiira. Lili ndi calcium, magnesium ndi potaziyamu. Mafuta a saltpeter awa amadziwika ndi khalidwe la kusunga bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Calcium-ammonium nitrate granules amachiritsidwa ndi mafuta a mafuta, omwe sagwidwa pansi kwa nthawi yaitali, yomwe idzapulumutse ku chiwonongeko.Mtundu uwu wamchere umameretsa zomera zonse, chifukwa sizimayambitsa dothi la acidity. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi chifukwa cha zomera komanso kupasuka.
Magnesium nitrate. Popeza mtundu uwu wa ammonium nitrate suwotcha zomera, umagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa foliar. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga batri wothandizira wa magnesium ndi photosynthesis pakulima masamba ndi nyemba. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa magnesium nitrate pa mchenga ndi mchenga wa mchenga wa mchenga kumapindulitsa kwambiri.
Calcium nitrate. Pangani onse owuma ndi madzi nitrate. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa ndiwo zamasamba ndi zomera zokongola pa dothi la sod-podzolic ndi mkulu acidity. Calcium nitrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe malo kapena pansi pazu.
Sodium nitrate kapena Chileyani imakhala ndi nayitrogeni 16%. Chofunika kwambiri pa mitundu yonse ya beets.
Porous ammonium nitrate ndi feteleza kuti, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera a granules, sanagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda. Ikuphulika ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabomba. Sungagulidwe payekha.
Barium nitrate. Anapanga kupanga zida zowonongeka, chifukwa amatha kuyaka moto wobiriwira.
Mukudziwa? Saltpetre imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati feteleza, komanso kupanga fetila, ufa wakuda, mabomba, mabomba a utsi kapena kuikidwa kwa mapepala.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ammonium nitrate m'munda (nthawi ndi momwe mungaperekere, chomwe chingakhale feteleza ndi chomwe sichingakhoze)
Saltpeter, monga feteleza, yapeza ntchito yaikulu pakati pa wamaluwa ndi anthu a chilimwe. Pakukulirakulira kwa mbeu, imabweretsedwa musanafufuze mabedi ndi pansi pazu. Komabe, sikokwanira kumvetsa kuti ammonium nitrate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati feteleza, ndikofunika kudziwa chomwe chingaberekeke nawo. Pansipa tidzakambirana za zovuta zonse zogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zotere mu ulimi, chifukwa monga momwe mukudziwira, zonse ziri bwino, koma moyenera. 
Pofuna kupindula kwambiri ndi feteleza, mlingo wa ammonium nitrate mankhwala sayenera kupitirira kumwa mankhwala operekedwa ndi wopanga (owerengedwa mu magalamu pa mita imodzi):
- Masamba 5-10 g, amamera kawiri pa nyengo: nthawi yoyamba isanayambe kuphuka, yachiwiri - pambuyo pa kupangidwa kwa chipatso.
- Mizu ya 5-7 g (musanayambe kudyetsa kudyetsa pakati pa mizere, kuya pafupifupi masentimita atatu ndikugona mu feterezazo). Kudyetsa kumachitika kamodzi, masiku makumi awiri ndi limodzi pambuyo pa kuphuka kwa mbeu.
- Mitengo ya zipatso: minda yaing'ono imafuna 30-50 g ya mankhwala yomwe imayambira kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene masamba oyambirira akuwonekera; mitengo ya zipatso 20-30 g, sabata pambuyo maluwa, ndi kubwereza mmwezi. Kugwedezeka kumapangika kuzungulira kuzungulira kwa korona pamaso kuthirira. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito yankho, ayenera kutsanulira mitengo katatu pachaka.
Ndikofunikira! Kusudzulana nitrate kumathamanga mwamsanga ndi chomera. Yankho lirikonzedwa motere: 30 magalamu a nitrate amayeretsedwa ndi khumi malita a madzi.
- Zitsamba: 7-30 g (kwa achinyamata), 15-60 g - chifukwa cha fruiting.
- Strawberry: achinyamata - 5-7 g (mu sitimadzipereka mawonekedwe), kubereka - 10-15 g pa mita yayitali.
Popeza 50% ya nayitrogeni mu nitrate imakhala ngati nitrate, imaperekedwa bwino m'nthaka. Choncho, zidzatheka kuti phindu lonse likhale lopindula ndi feteleza pamene lidzatulukidwe mu nthawi ya kukula kwa mbeu ndi ulimi wothirira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kumaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri. Pa dothi loyera, saltpeter imabalalika asanayime kapena kukumba kubzala.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa kutentha kwapadera, nitrate imaletsedwa kusakanizidwa ndi peat, udzu, utuchi, superphosphate, laimu, humus, choko.Ammonium nitrate imabalalitsidwa pansi, musanayamwe madzi, ndipo ngakhale mu mawonekedwe osungunuka akadali kofunikira kutsanulira ndi madzi. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito feteleza pansi pa mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndiye kuti nitre amafunika chocheperapo katatu kusiyana ndi mankhwala. Kwa achinyamata akulima, mlingo wafupika ndi theka.
Ammonium nitrate monga feteleza, mu mlingo woyenera, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa pafupifupi mbewu iliyonse. Komabe, ndikofunika kudziwa kuti sizingathe kumera nkhaka, maungu, zukini ndi sikwashi, monga momwe zilirimu kugwiritsa ntchito nitrate kudzakuthandizani kupeza nitrate mu ndiwo zamasamba.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1947, ku United States, matani 2,300 a ammonium nitrate anaphulika pamsitima wonyamula katundu, ndipo kuwopsya kochokera kuphulika kunawombera ndege zina ziwiri zouluka. Kuchokera pamtengowu, zomwe zinayambitsa kupasuka kwa ndege, kuwononga mafakitale oyandikana nawo ndi sitima ina yokhala ndi mchere wamchere.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ntchito ammonium nitrate m'dzikoli
Ammonium nitrate chifukwa cha kugula kwake komanso zosavuta kugaya ndi zomera zapeza ntchito yaikulu osati m'munda, komanso m'dziko. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito nitrate pa tsamba ndi:
- chisangalalo cha ntchito;
- zomera zowonjezera panthawi imodzi ndi zinthu zonse zothandiza zomwe zimafunikila kutukula kwathunthu;
- Kuphweka mosavuta m'madzi ndi nthaka yopanda madzi;
- Zotsatira zabwino ngakhale zitalowa muzizira.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito fetereza iliyonse, pali zovuta. Saltpeter ndi chimodzimodzi:
- imatsukidwa mwamsanga ndi mphepo m'munsi mwa nthaka ndi m'madzi apansi, kapena imayenda pamtunda;
- kusokoneza kapangidwe ka nthaka;
- kumawonjezera acidity m'nthaka ndi salinizes it, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri zokolola;
- Sili ndi zinthu zonse zomwe zimayenera kubzala, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ndalama zina zogulira.
Ammonium nitrate: momwe mungasungire bwino feteleza
Pogwiritsira ntchito ammonium nitrate, mwinamwake mukudziwa kale kuti m'malamulo ogwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito poizoni. Choncho, mphamvu yomwe fetereza imasungidwira iyenera kukhala yopanda mphamvu. Sungani saltpeter bwino podutsa mpweya, zipinda zam'mlengalenga ndi kutsika kwa mpweya chinyezi.
Komabe, kuwonjezera pa poizoni, nayitrate imakhalanso yotentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake imaletsedwa kuphatikizidwa ndi feteleza ena. Poyamba sizingasakanike chifukwa chosungirako ndi urea. Ngati chinthucho chinagulidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito mwamsanga (mkati mwa mwezi umodzi), kusungirako msewu pansi pa denga kumaloledwa. 
Kuti ammonium nitrate isagwedezeke, magnesia zowonjezera zimaphatikizidwira. N'zotheka kusungirako mchere wosapitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, popeza kuganizira kuti chigawo chachikulu cha mankhwalawa ndi nayitrogeni, chosungirako chosayenera chidzabweretsa kuphulika kwa madzi, chifukwa chomwe chidzafunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kumwa kwa nitrate. Kutentha kudumpha kumatsogolera kwa recrystallization wa ammonium nitrate, chifukwa cha izo zimakhala bwino sungunuka.
Ndikofunikira! Dothi la ammonium nitrate, kugwera pakhungu ndi kuchita ndi thukuta kapena chinyezi, zimayambitsa kukwiya koopsa.
