Ophiopogon ndi msika wokongola wa herbaceous wokhala ndi maluwa osalala. Amakhala ngati zitsamba zobiriwira, zoyenera kulimidwa m'nyumba kapena kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuthengo. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Liliaceae ndipo umagawidwa ku East Asia: kuchokera ku Himalayas kupita ku Japan. Ophiopogon amakonda mitundu yamvula yamvula. Izi zodziwika bwino zimadziwikanso pansi pa mayina "kakombo wa chigwa" ndi "kakombo wa ku Japan wachigwachi."
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Muzu wa ophiopogon ndiwopanda pansi kuchokera padziko lapansi. Pa chinangwa chokhala ndi timinofu tating'ono. Pansi pamtunda, kakulidwe kambiri ka mizu yambiri mumapangidwa. Masamba otambalala amakhala ndi mbali zosalala komanso m'mphepete mwake. Mitundu yambale ya glossy sheet imatha kukhala wobiriwira pang'ono mpaka imvi-violet. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 15-35 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi simapitilira 1 cm.
Ophiopogon mu chithunzicho ndi mphukira wandiweyani. Amachisunga chaka chonse osagwiritsa masamba. Maluwa amapezeka mu Julayi-Seputembara. Zowongoka, zowongoka, zotalika pafupifupi 20 cm zimakula kuchokera pansi pa thambo. Pamwamba pa tsinde pali korona wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati nthongo. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi chubu chachidule cha mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yophatikizika pansi. Masamba ndi ofiirira.
Pomaliza maluwa, udzu wa ophiopogon umakutidwa ndi masango a zipatso za buluu zakuda. Mkati mwa mabulosi ndi njere zachikasu.
Zosiyanasiyana
Pali mitundu 20 mu mtundu wa Ophiopogonum, mwa mitundu itatu yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe. Komanso, obereketsa adabzala mitundu ingapo ya opiopogon.
Ophiopogon Yaburan. Mtengowo ndi nthangala ya herbaceous yamuyaya yomwe imakhala yolimba masentimita 30-80. Masamba a masamba obiriwira amakhala ndi masamba ambiri amizere, achikopa. Mphepete mwa tsamba lamapikisano ndilopepuka. Kunja kwake kuli utoto wakuda, ndipo mitsempha ya utali wautali imawonekera kuchokera pansi. Kutalika kwa masamba kumatha kufika masentimita 80 ndipo kutalika kwa masentimita 1. Kuwala kwamasamba kutalika kwa 15 masentimita kumawululidwa pamtengo wowongoka. Zosiyanasiyana zaopopaopulumuka jaburan:
- varigata - m'mphepete mwa pepalalo papepala ali ndi mikwingwirima yoyera;
- aureivariegatum - mikwingwirima yammbali masamba amapaka utoto wagolide;
- nanus - mitundu yaying'ono yolimbana ndi chisanu mpaka -15 ° C;
- chinjoka choyera - masamba ali pafupifupi oyera kwathunthu ndi oyera mtambo wobiriwira pakati.
Ophiopogon Chijapani. Mbewuyi imakhala ndi nthangala yachilengedwe. Kutalika kwa masamba olimba kumakhala 15 cm masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 2-3 mm okha. Masamba opindika pang'ono pakati. Pa peduncle yayifupi pali inflorescence yotayirira masentimita 5-7. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono, othinana amapaka utoto wofiirira wa lilac. Ziphuphu zimamera limodzi mu chubu 6-8 mm. Mitundu yotchuka:
- compactus - amapanga mitundu yotsika, yopapatiza;
- Kyoto Dwarf - kutalika kwa nsalu yotchinga sikupitirira 10 cm;
- Siliva Dragon - chingwe choyera chiri pakati pa pepalalo.
Ophiopogon ndiwopanda zida. Chomera chimapanga mawonekedwe ochepa, koma ofala kwambiri. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira ngati masamba obiriwira ndi 10-30 cm. Masamba amtunduwu ndi ochulukirapo komanso amdima. Mitundu ina imadziwika ndi masamba akuda. M'chilimwe, tchire limakutidwa ndi maluwa akulu oyera kapena oyera pinki, ndipo pambuyo pake - zipatso zambiri zakuda.
Wotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu ya Ophiopogonum ya Nigrescens yosanja. Amakhala ngati makatani amtundu wofika mpaka 25cm kutalika ndi masamba akuda. M'chilimwe, mivi ya inflorescence imakutidwa ndi maluwa oyera-kirimu, ndipo m'dzinja tchire limadzaza ndi zipatso zakuda. Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu, imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -28 ° C.
Ophiopogon m'nyumba. Chowoneka bwino, chokonda kutentha pakupanga nyumba. Masamba okhala ndi masamba, opakidwa utoto wakuda. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imapezekanso.
Kuswana kwa Ophiopogon
Ophiopogon amafalitsidwa ndi njira zamasamba ndi mbewu. Kubzala masamba ambiri kumawonedwa ngati kosavuta. Mtengowo umapanga zochitika zina zamkati mwake, zomwe mu miyezi ingapo mukukonzekera kudziimira pawokha. M'nyengo yamasika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, nsalu yotchinga imakumbidwa ndikuidula mosiyanasiyana m'malo angapo. Pa gawo lirilonse, malo atatu osiyidwa ndikuwokedwa m'nthaka yopepuka. Panthawi yakukula, chomera chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi mosamala kuti mizu yake isavunda. Pakupita milungu ingapo, mmera udayamba kutulutsa masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Kufalitsa mbewu kumafunikira kulimbikira. Mu nthawi yophukira, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa zipatso zamphesa zakuda. Amaphwanyidwa ndikusambitsidwa ndi zamkati. Akangotola njerezi, zimanyowa kwa masiku angapo m'madzi kenako zimagona pansi m'mabokosi. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha mchenga-peat. Mbeu zapamwamba zowazidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi kuthirira. Zojambulazo zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena kanema ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira (+10 ° C). Mbande zimamera pakatha miyezi 3-5. Kutalika kwa mbande kukafika 10 cm, amathanso kuwaika kumalo okhazikika. M'munda pakati pa mbeu khalani mtunda wa 15-20 cm.
Kukula Zinthu
Ophiopogon mu chisamaliro ndi odzikweza kwambiri ndipo amatha kusintha momwe zinthu zilili kale. Masamba olimba amawona bwino dzuwa ndi mthunzi wake. Mitundu yamkati imatha kumera pamawindo akumwera ndi kumpoto. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, mmera sufunika kuwunikira kowonjezereka.
Ophiopogon amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, koma amakonda malo ozizira. Kuyambira Epulo, makope amkati amatha kusungidwa khonde kapena m'munda. Chomera sichimawopa kukonzekera ndi kuzizira kwausiku. M'nyengo yozizira, pamalo otseguka, amawuma popanda malo ndipo amasunga masamba amtambo pansi pa chisanu.
Kuthirira mbewu kumafunikira pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, koma chinyezi chimalimbidwa. Pa nthawi yozizira yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kuyanika dothi ndi masentimita 1-2 kumaloledwa. Madzi ofewa, oyeretsedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira. Kuti masamba asaphwe, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi chokwera ndi kupopera. Mutha kuyika ophiopogon pafupi ndi aquarium.
Kamodzi pazaka zonse za 2-3, makatani ayenera kuziika ndikugawa. Ndikofunikira kuti tisawononge mizu yokhazikika, chifukwa chake njira yothinjirira imagwiritsidwa ntchito poika zina. Kusakaniza kwa:
- pepala;
- peat;
- dziko la turf;
- mchenga.
Pansi pa mphika kapena mabowo, mumakhala dongo la dongo kapena timiyala zokulirapo.
Ophiopogon samagwidwa ndi tiziromboti, koma kuthilira kwambiri, mizu yake ndi masamba ake zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi zowola. Madera owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo nthaka yothandizidwa ndi fungicide.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Ophiopogon ndi oyenera kulima m'nyumba komanso m'munda. Makatani owala amakongoletsa bwino windowsill, ndikusintha kapangidwe kazomera zobiriwira masamba. Potseguka, tchire limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mitundu yosakanikirana ndi malo.
Ma tubers a Ophiopogon ndi mizu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala am'mawa ngati sedative ndi immunomodulator. Masiku ano, akatswiri a zamankhwala akuphunzira za malo ake, koma patatha zaka zochepa, mankhwala achikhalidwe amathanso kutenga ophiopogon mu ntchito.
