Flower woyamba woyamba masika - ndi zomwe akunena chisanu, amene maluwa ake amaimira mapeto a chisanu ndi chisanu. Pakati pa dzuŵa loyamba, kutentha kwa dzuwa kumawoneka. Maluwa awo owongoka amasiyanasiyana bwino ndi mtundu wawo wofiira kwambiri pambali ya nthaka yakuda. M'mayiko ena, maluwa a chomerachi amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo watsopano, kufika kwa kutentha. Lero, ngati kuli kotheka, mwiniwake wa munda kapena nyumba ya chilimwe akhoza kupeza kukongola koteroko. Kuli koyenera kusankha malo abwino a chipale chofewa, werengani kufotokozera kwa mitunduyo ndi kudzipangitsa nokha ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha kulima kwake.
M'mitundu yosiyana, primrose iyi imadziwika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Motero, dzina lachilatini lachilatini galantus (Galanthus), lomwe limatanthauza maluwa a mkaka. Dzina la Chingerezi ndi Snowdrop, kutanthauza "dontho la chisanu". Ku Germany, duwa limatchedwa matalala a chipale chofewa.
Mukudziwa? Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi chiyambi cha matalala a chisanu. Malinga ndi nkhani za m'Baibulo, galantus inakhala maluwa oyamba omwe Eva adawona atathamangitsidwa ku Paradaiso. Atamuwona, adapeza chiyembekezo chakuti Mulungu sadzasiya anthu. Nthano yachigiriki imati maluwa amenewa anapangidwa kuchokera m'matope a mkaka wa m'mawere kuchokera kwa amayi a Apollo ndi Atemi, wotchedwa Leto.
Snowdrop: kufotokoza kwa yoyamba kasupe maluwa
Chipale chofewa kapena galantus ndi chochepa (10-50 cm) chomera chosatha cha banja la Amaryllis ndi nyengo yochepa ya kukula. Anagawira m'nkhalango zoyandikana kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje ku Ulaya ndi Asia Minor. Mtunduwu umaphatikizapo mitundu 18. Mu chikhalidwe chodzala chisanu Elweza, Voronov, wamba (snow-white), alpine, folded, Caucasus, ndi zina zotero.
Galanthus imamera mvula kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi maluwa amodzi omwe amamera ndi ma bluebells. The perianth ili ndi mamita asanu ndi limodzi 15-30 mm yaitali. Lili ndi mapepala awiri ofanana ndi 0,5-3 cm ndi 10-20 masentimita m'litali. Limaphula imodzi mwa yoyamba pakati pa primroses - kumapeto kwa February - kumayambiriro kwa March, pamene chisanu chiyamba kugwa. Pamene maluwa a chipale chofewa amaonekera, ena oyambirira kasupe zikhalidwe akugonabe. Kutalika kwa maluwa awo pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Nthawi zambiri zimakula m'magulu.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ina yoyamba maluwa nthawi zina imatchedwanso matalala. Mwachitsanzo, anemone, scilla. Komabe, izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomera.
Kuti kufotokoza kwachitsulo kukuthandizeni kufotokozera momveka bwino mbali yomwe ili pa tsambali, nkofunikira kufotokoza mbali za kukula kwa maluwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chaka chonse, monga zomera zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yochepa, amathera pansi. Pambuyo maluwa mu February-April, fruiting ndi kufa masambawo amapita ku hibernation. Miyezi ina yonse, anyezi amayamba. Akupeza mphamvu yatsopano ya maluwa, amadya zinthu zothandiza. Babu imasiya nthawi yonse yopuma (mu October) - ndiye mizu yatsopano imayamba kukula. December-January ndi nthawi imene chipale chofewa chimayamba kukula.
Ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka zochepa zowonongeka, mbewuyo ndi yozizira-yolimba, imalekerera February ndi March lakuthwa kutentha kwa madontho. Kusamala mwatcheru. Osakakamiza za nthaka. Osati matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kukula chipale chofewa m'munda, mitundu yokula
Kukula galantus m'munda sikumakhala kovuta. Masiku ano, zosankha zawo ndizokulu - mitundu 120 ndi hybrids za primrose izi zabadwira ndi obereketsa. Mitundu ndi mitundu ya matalala a chipale chofewa imasiyana mosiyana, pamtundu wa pamunsi, maluwa ndi kukula kwa maluwa, nyengo ndi nthawi ya maluwa. Kawirikawiri, ming'oma imakula mvula ya Elvez, yowonongeka (yofiira), yopangidwa ndi mitundu yawo.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yonse ya zinyama zakutchire zakutchire imatetezedwa. Mitundu ina (matalala a Bortkiewicz ndi Voronov, Lagodekhsky, ophatikizidwa, ophatikizidwa, opopatiza) amapezeka m'kaundula ka zomera zosawerengeka ndi zoopsa ku Red Book. Zogulitsa zawo, kugulitsa ndi kugula zidzalangidwa ndi zabwino. Amaloledwa kuti agulitse zokhazokha zowonongeka zomwe zimakula mu greenhouses.
Galanthus Elweza kapena kum'mwera (Galanthus elwesii) amatanthauza mitundu yayitali - amafika kutalika kwa 15-30 masentimita (mitundu ina imakula mpaka theka la mita). Ili ndi masamba akulu - masentimita 2. Maluwa amtundu wotentha wa chisanu amatulutsidwa oyambirira - mu February-March (mawuwo amadalira chigawo cha kukula). Nkhuta ziri zoyera ndi malo achikasu m'munsi. Pali mitundu 15 ya mitundu imeneyi.
Common Galantus (Galanthus nivalis) imafalikira patapita pang'ono kuposa Elweza snowdrop - mu March-April. Maluwa ake amakula mpaka 1.5-2.5 masentimita. Masamba ndi obiriwira, 10 cm wamtali. Mitundu pafupifupi 50 ya mitundu imeneyi inalengedwa. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi Flore Pleno, Viridapice, Samuel Arnott.
Galanthus anapangidwa (Galanthus plicatus) ali nalo dzina chifukwa liri ndi khola pamapepala. Masambawa amajambula imvi-yobiriwira, pamphuno. Maluwawo ndi oyera, 2-3 cm. Madzi aang'ono - okhala ndi chikasu chowala kapena chikasu. Iyo imamasula mu February ndi April.
Ngakhale kuti galantus imatengedwa ngati chomera chodabwitsa, m'pofunika kutsata njira zina zomwe zimabzala komanso kusamalira.
Kusankha malo a chisanu kumunda
Galanthus amakonda malo owala ndi mthunzi pang'ono, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa mthunzi wa shrub kapena mtengo wodula. Maluwawo akhoza kukula pamtunda uliwonse, koma zidzatengedwera bwino m'nthaka yachonde.
Ndikofunikira! Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kukula kwa galantus ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'chaka.
Momwe mungabweretse udzu wa chisanu mu dziko
Kubzala galantus mu dziko sikovuta. Ndi maluwa osasunthika kwambiri, amatha kukula, akukumana ndi chilala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso chisanu chokhazikika, kuphatikizapo mazira ochepa.
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala
Dothi la chisanu limatha kusintha nthaka iliyonse, komabe, ngati pali mwayi, mukhoza kuthandizira kuthera msanga. Choncho, ngati muli ndi dongo lapansi, m'pofunikira kupanga mchenga. Mulimonsemo, ndi zofunika kukhetsa nthaka - pansi pa zitsime ziyenera kukhala ndi kompositi kapena humus.
Kodi kubzala snowdrops, kubalana kwa woyamba maluwa a masika
Kodi mungatani kuti muzitha kubzala chisanu? N'zotheka kubzala zomera zatsopano m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mbeu ndi zomera - pogawa babu. Njira ya mbewu ndi mbande zautali ziyenera kuyembekezedwa zaka 3-5. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Ndi mofulumira komanso mosavuta kufalitsa ma primroses mwa kugawa mababu. Kuchita izi mwinamwake kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pa nthawiyi, mukhoza kudzala pamene chisanu chimawomba. Kapena panthawi yopumula masamba - masamba atatha: kuyambira July mpaka September. Poyamba kubzala, mababu ayenera kugulidwa mu sitolo yapadera kapena osiyana ndi anyezi ndi anansi awo. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, mtundu umodzi wa chitsamba umakhala wosiyana kapena umodzi. Kupatukana kumachitika bwino pamene gulu la zomera lifikira 7-9 makope.
Mababu a zomera samatha pasanathe mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa kugula kapena kupatukana. Popanda kutero, maluwawo sangakhale ndi mizu kunja. Nthaŵi yonseyi, mababu ayenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, mukhoza kukhala mumchenga wouma. Musanadzale mababu, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zonsezo, popanda njira, sizikukhudzidwa ndi nkhungu ndi kuvunda. Mizu yawo sayenera kukhala youma. Chikhalidwe choyenera - kukhulupirika kwa babu kumatha.
Mukudziwa? Mababu a snowdrop ali ndi galantamine alkaloid, motero ali owopsa kwa anthu. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, iwo samakhudzidwa kwenikweni ndi tizirombo.
Kuyala kuya ndi kudalira nthaka. Dothi lotayirira, babu ayenera kuikidwa pamtunda wa 2-3 nthawi yaitali kusiyana ndi babu. Mu dothi lolemera, kubzala kumachitika kutalika kwa babu, ndipo kuya kwapansi sikuyenera kusakwana 5 masentimita. Kawirikawiri, magalasi amabzalidwa mumzere wa mbeu 10-30 kapena magulu. Ngati udzu wachitsamba umabzalidwa kugwa, ndiye kuti chisanu chisanayambe, dothi liyenera kukhala lopangidwa ndi peat kapena humus.
Pakadutsa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mutabzala, ndibwino kuti musamuke pamalo otentha, musamayembekezere maluwa mpaka masamba obiriwira. Apatseni ndi clod yakale ya pansi, osasokoneza anyezi - matalala a chisanu samakonda izi. Iwo samalekerera pamene amasokonezeka pa nthawi ya maluwa. Kawirikawiri, kuchitapo kanthu pakusambira kumakhala kosazindikirika - nthawizina amakana kuphuka kwa zaka zingapo. Kawirikawiri, maluwa oyambirira akhoza kuyembekezera zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Komabe, pambuyo pake, mutengowo utakhazikika, udzabweretsa maluwa pachaka.
Zinsinsi zobzala chisanu m'munda
Kotero, mumadziwa kale momwe mungamere mitengo ya chisanu komanso momwe mungayendetsere. Kenaka, tidzakambirana mfundo zingapo zomwe zingasamalire m'munda. 
Zinsinsi za galantus yokolola bwino sizambiri. Choyamba, ngati mvula sichitha mvula, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuthirira maluwa. Kuthirira kumachitanso mwamsanga mutangoyamba kumera komanso nthawi yowuma. Chachiwiri, chifukwa chodula masamba, ndi bwino kuyembekezera chiyambi cha nthawi yopuma - pamene mwachibadwa amafa. Apo ayi, n'zotheka kusokoneza chitukuko cha mababu ndikupangitsa kuti maluwawo asapite nyengo yotsatira.
Pakati pa kukula kwachangu, munda wa snowdrops ukhoza kudyetsedwa ndi madzi osakaniza phosphate feteleza.
Ndikofunikira! Musagwiritsire ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni kwa feteleza. Izi zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa masamba a zomera ndipo, motero, kukula kwa matenda a fungal mwa iwo.
Pa matenda, matalala a chisanu angakhudzidwe ndi dzimbiri, imvi nkhungu, chlorosis, ndi matenda ena a tizilombo. Komanso, akhoza kumenyana ndi makoswe, slugs, agulugufe, moths, bulbous nematode. Snowdrops imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kumalo okongola. Pogwiritsa ntchito flowerbeds, amatha kubzalidwa m'magawo osiyana kapena ngati chophimba pansi. Maluwawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamaluwa, miyala ya miyala komanso alpine slides. Mwina ntchito galantus mu mphika chikhalidwe. 
Ngati mutabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya primroses, mukhoza kukwaniritsa maluwa - kwa miyezi itatu. Kotero, mu February, adzayamba kuphulika Elweza snowdrops. Magalasi oyera a chipale chofewa amapereka maluwa mwezi umodzi, mwezi wa March. Mphepo yamphepo yowonongeka ikhoza kukondwera maluwa mu March-April. Zatsopano ndi broadleaf galantus. Zina zowonjezereka zidzakhala bwino pa duwa: crocuses, primroses, lungwort, narcissus, hyacinths. Yang'anani moyang'anizana ndi udzu wa perennials wa sing'anga ndi kukula kwakukulu: makamu, mapeyala, ferns.
Ngati malo odzala chipale chofewa amanyamulidwa bwinobwino ndipo maluwawo amazika mizu pa icho, ndiye patapita kanthawi udzayamba kuchulukitsa payekha, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi munthu. Ndipo mudzasangalala kukondana ndi zofiira zobiriwira zoyera kumayambiriro kwa masika.
