Pelley (Pilea), ofanana - ndi a banja la synopteris. M'chilengedwe chake, ziphuphu zimakula m'madera otentha, ozizira komanso ozizira m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, koma zimapezeka ku America.
Kufotokozera kwa mapepala ndi mitundu yake
Zimasiyanasiyana ndi zina zina chifukwa zimakhala bwino ndi chinyezi, ndipo ngati zikhale bwino, ndiye kuti masamba amakula motalika kwambiri. Makhalidwe otere amakulolani kuti mumere chomera ichi monga ampelnoy. Izi okonda maluwa a m'nyumba zinyama sakhala achikulire, chifukwa amalingalira zotsamba zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zopanda chidwi. Komabe, florists amanena kuti izi sizolondola kwenikweni: ngati mutasamalira bwino fern, mukhoza kukhala chokongoletsa choyenera cha chipinda chilichonse.
M'nyengo yozizira, pamatumba amafunika kuti azizizira, ndipo chipinda chotentha chimakhudza kwambiri. Ndi bwino kukula maluwawa mumunda woziziritsa wachisanu, kumene ungathe kuzindikira ntchito yake yophimba. Kuchepa kwake kwa pellet kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yosadalirika m'chilengedwe chake. Koma potha kupanga kapangidwe ka chilengedwe pansi pa zikuluzikulu zomera, fern iyi ilibe wofanana.
Mukudziwa? Kalekale amakhulupirira kuti ngati mutadula fern, mukhoza kumvula mvula. Ndipo ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, ndiye mvula yamkuntho.
Mu chilengedwe, mapepala ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 80, koma 6 okhawo amakula ngati chomera:
- Kruglolistnaya (Pellaea rotundifolia). Zili ndi zamoyo zokwawa zobiriwira komanso zozungulira zamdima zobiriwira.
- Mtoto wofiirira (Pellaea atropurpurea). Kusiyana ndi zofiirira petioles ndi masamba ofiira-bulauni. Ikhoza kuyesedwa ngati chomera komanso ngati munda wamaluwa.
- Chobiriwira (Pellaea viridis). Mtundu waukulu wa mapaleti. Zikuwoneka ngati tsamba lozungulira, koma masamba akuchepa pang'ono.
- Maonekedwe a nkhuku (Pellaea ovata). Ili ndi maonekedwe okongola okongola omwe ali ndi lobes wofanana ndi mtima. Ndimodzichepetsa pochoka ndikusintha kutentha ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira.
- Chombo (Pellaea hastata hort) Os Link, P. viridis Prantl. Amasiyanitsa masamba aŵiri angapo, omwe amadziwika bwino.
- Wamaliseche (Pellaea glabella). Fern kutalika kwa masentimita 35 ndi masamba omwe ali ndi petioles. Zimatengedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chabwino chokongoletsera zithunzi za alpine.
Monga chophimba nyumba zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala zozungulira. Ndi shrub yaing'ono ndi mizu yowawa. Kutchire, fern iyi imapezeka m'nkhalango zamvula zaku Australia ndi New Zealand. Masamba ozungulira nsalu zozungulira amakhala okonzeka kwambiri pamphepete mwachinyontho. Pelley sichikulirakulira, koma ikhoza kubala ana khumi mpaka nthawi. Kutalika kwa chomerachi nthawi zambiri kumakhala masentimita 15, ngakhale abambo akuluakulu akhoza kukula mpaka masentimita 40.
Pelleya amapitirira mosalekeza, osati kuima ngakhale nyengo yozizira, ngakhale nyengo yokula imakhala yachilimwe m'chilimwe. Izi zikachitika, nthawi zonse amafa masamba, omwe amakhudza mapulaneti. Chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi ferns zimenezi ndi kukhalapo kwa nthiti zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhala mizere iwiri mizu. Pelley ngati maluwa amkati ndi mkazi wokongola kwambiri yemwe angathe kutchedwa kuti princess.
Mukudziwa? Fern iyi imatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha mdima wa masamba a masamba "pellos" (mdima). Tili ndi mapuloteni omwe amadziwika bwino ngati batani, ndipo ku Europe - ngati fenje.
Pelleya: Kusankha Malo a Kunyumba Fern
Fern ndi yachilendo - imakonda chinyezi komanso nyengo yozizira. Kuwonetsa bwino kwa mpweya wouma m'zipinda ndi kusamalidwa kosavuta kumapanga mtundu wodalirika wa nyumba. Masamba amtengo wapatali kwambiri amawonekera mkati, ndikupanga chipinda kuti chikhale choyera chaka chonse. Pelley akhoza kusankha mosamala ngakhale novice mu kulima zinyumba za m'nyumba.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi pa kukula kwa mapepala
Mitundu yonse ya pellets (kupatulapo ovoid) imapereka momwe amachitira kutentha, ngakhale zimakhala zozizira kwambiri. Amakhala otetezeka m'chaka ndi chilimwe, amamva kutentha kwa +20 ° C. Kutentha pamwamba +23 ° C kumakhudza kwambiri masamba ndipo kumafuna kusamalidwa kwina m'madzi ena. Choncho, chifukwa cha pellets, ndi bwino kusankha malo ozizira kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa nyengo ya mbeu imodzi sayenera kulola kutentha kutsika ku 17 ° 18 ° C.
Pa nthawi yonse yopuma, pellets amapereka kutentha kwa 14 ... 16 ° C. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, kungachititse masamba otsitsa kapena osakaniza. Pankhaniyi, pulogalamuyi iyenera kuyambitsa masamba opopera mbewu. Kutentha kwakufupi kungakhale koopsa kwa mbewu. Sizodziwikiratu kuti pakati pa pellets m'nyumba muli zomera zambiri za ferns. Amapembedza mpweya wabwino, sachita mantha komanso amafunikira kuyendetsa moyenera m'chipindamo. Popeza mtedza umakonda kukongola ngakhale m'chilimwe, nthawi zina umatulutsidwa panja, kupatulapo masitepe ozizira, mabanki kapena masiku otentha.
Ndikofunikira! Poyang'ana kutentha, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti kutentha kwa gawo ndi kofunika kwambiri kwa pellets. Kwenikweni, sayenera kukhala pansi pa +14 ° C - kudyetsa mitsempha yazitsamba kumawononga zomera.
Kodi kuunikira kwa mtundu wanji kumakhala ngati mapepala?
Ngakhale kuti pellets ndi a ferns, ndizofunikira-chotero, zimafuna malo apadera. Mitundu yonse ya pellets, kupatulapo yofiira ndi yofiira, imatha kuima dzuwa. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala koma kusokonezeka. Ngati phalali likuyikidwa pazenera zakumwera, ndiye kuti amafunika kuti azimitsidwe ndi zithunzithunzi za translucent. Choposa zonse, pern pellet imamva pamawindo a mawindo akuyang'ana kumpoto. Kumadzulo ndi kummawa kwa mbewu ndi bwino kukonzekera mzere wachiwiri kapena wachitatu, kapena kukonza kuwala kosavuta.
N'zosatheka kutchula ma pellets okonda mthunzi, koma n'zotheka kusinthira kulekerera kwa mthunzi koyenera kuyambira ali wamng'ono. Mu mthunzi, chomera chimenecho chimakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masamba amasintha mtundu m'malo. Kawirikawiri, chomerachi sichimasokoneza zokhazokha kaya mumthunzi kapena penumbra. Kuzoloŵera ku mthunzi, muyenera pang'onopang'ono, pakapita masabata 1-2, kusintha malo ake, kusuntha chomera nthawi zonse ndi 50 cm. N'zotheka kusintha malo 2-3.
Ndikofunikira! Kuunikira kwa pellets kuli bwino kusintha (October-February).
Pelley: kukonzekera kubwerera
Ngati mwagula pellet mu shopu la maluwa, musafulumire kuika pazenera - pangani malo abwino pa chomera.
Kusankhidwa kwa mphamvu yokhala pansi
Miphika yowonjezera ayenera kukhala dongo kapena ceramic - pulasitiki ndi tini sizoyenera chifukwa cha ntchito ya nthaka yochepa. Kwa mapaleteni, chifukwa cha mtundu wosakanizidwa wa kukula kwa mizu, ndizowona bwino komanso zopanda madzi miphika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zomera zing'onozing'ono ndi zazing'ono sizingakhoze kubzalidwa m'zinthu zazikulu. Pansi pa thanki ndikofunika kuyika chisanji chokongola (dothi lowonjezera).
Mukudziwa? Manyowa ndi mavitamini omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabala ndi njoka za njoka, kutupa ndi kukokera.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji dothi lodzala mapepala?
Pafupifupi mbande zonse zogulidwa m'masitolo, zodyedwa mu gawo lapansi, zopindulitsa ndi osiyana siyana omwe amalimbikitsa kukula. Izi zimachitidwa kuti apereke duwa kukhala ndemanga yabwino. Komabe, m'nthaka yotereyi ndi kosavuta kunyamula chomeracho. Komabe, nthakayi iyenera kusinthidwa. Ma Ferns amakonda acidity ya 4.5-5.5 pH. Pofuna kupanga mchere woterewu, humus, tsamba (munda) nthaka ndi peat zimatengedwa magawo ofanana. Mukhoza kuwonjezera mchenga kunthaka.
Katswiri wamakono opanga teknoloji
Kufaka kwa Fern kumachitika ngati n'kofunika. Pamene chomera chimaikidwa, mzuwo umatuluka kuchokera mu chidebe ndipo, pamodzi ndi nthaka yakuya, imasamutsidwa ku nyumba zatsopano. Malo osungirako amadzazidwa ndi gawo lokonzekera. Pewani pamwamba pazitsulo sizowonjezera - ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi dziko lapansi, zomwe zidatsalira mu kaphika wakale. Mutabzala, nkofunika kutsanulira madzi ambiri ofunda.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati munagula mapepala m'ditolo la maluwa, masiku oyamba ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi zomera zonse kuti asatenge kachilombo kovomerezeka.
Pelleas amachulukitsa ndi spores ndikugawanitsa chitsamba.
Kubalana kwa mapaleti pogawanitsa chitsamba
Ngati pellea yakula kwambiri, mungagwiritse ntchito njira iyi yoberekera, monga kugawanika kwa chitsamba. Pakuti maluwawa amakumba ndi kutaya malo ambiri. Dulani mizu ndi lakuthwa, tsamba loyera mu zidutswa zingapo.
Ndikofunikira! Kila delenka ayenera kukhala ndi makapu awiri.
Mbande ziyenera kukhazikika mwamsanga, kuti mizu yoonda musaduke, ikani malo osungira ndi kuchepetsa kuthirira. Zidutswa zidzasinthidwa mkati mwa mwezi.
Momwe mungabzalitse pellet spores
Spores pellets anasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera masamba ndi zouma. Bzalani, popanda kukulitsa, mu wowonjezera kutentha pa nthaka yonyowa. Pofuna kupewa kuyanika, nthaka ili ndi filimu. Pamene mukukula kuchokera ku spores, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa nthaka sikugwera m'munsimu +21 ° C. Asanayambe mphukira, bokosilo limasungidwa pamalo amdima, kuthamanga tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuwaza pansi. Pambuyo masiku 30-90, mphukira zoyamba zimayamba kuonekera. Pogona akuchotsedwa, ndipo mphamvu imatumizidwa pamalo owala. Pakati pa ziphuphu, mtunda wa 2.5-3 masentimita ayenera kusungidwa. Pambuyo pa mbande zikukula, zimatha kuziika m'miphika ndi nthaka ya mapulogalamu akuluakulu. Zimalimbikitsidwa kubzala mu mphika umodzi 2-3 mbande.
Mukudziwa? Ku England, ankakhulupirira kuti mothandizidwa ndi Fern spores munthu akhoza kukhala wosawoneka ndikupeza mphamvu zamatsenga.
Zimatengera mapepala osamalira kunyumba
Ngakhale pelleya ndi chodabwitsa chomera, koma kusamalira izo ndi zophweka, ndipo okonda maluwa a novice angadziwe mfundo zazikulu pa chithunzicho.
Momwe mungadzamwe madzi a nyumba
Frosi - zomera zokonda zinyontho zomwe zimafunikira kuthirira madzi okwanira 2 pa mlungu. Madzi ayenera kupatulidwa ndi kutentha (kapena kutentha). Kupanda chinyezi kungawononge pellets. Kusiya madzi mu poto ndikutsanulira mapiritsi sikuyeneranso kukhala-kumadzaza ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Pakati pa ulimi wothirira 3-4 masentimita a topsoil ayenera kuuma.
Ndikofunikira! Mafosayo amatha kusintha kusintha kwa ulimi wothirira: ngati samamwetsa nthawi yaitali ndikudzaza madzi, chomeracho sichidzachira.
Pakuti ferns ndi kuthirira ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito thawed, mvula kapena kuteteza madzi. Nthawi zina mungagwiritse ntchito madzi owiritsa kapena oyeretsedwa kuti mumwe madzi a pellets. Kuwonjezera pa kuthirira kawirikawiri, ferns amafunika kupopedwa. Nthawi zambiri kupopera mbewu kumadalira pa msinkhu wa chinyezi mu chipinda. Ngati mpweya uli m'chipindacho wouma, ndiye kuti mumayenera kutsuka mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku.
Ngati chisonyezero cha chinyezi chiri pamtundu woyenera (50% kapena apamwamba) kwa mapaleti, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri sikoyenera kupopera - 2 pa sabata ndikwanira. Ngakhale kuti Pylae monga mawonekedwe a haibridi sikumayambitsa mavuto ambiri panyumba, ili ndi zofunikira za madzi: masamba amatha kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofewa, osungunuka, kutentha pang'ono kuposa kutentha kwapakati. Ngati fumbi lafika pa fern, ndipo palibe chifukwa chopopera mbewu, ndi bwino kuchotsa dothi ndi kuyeretsa kwazitsulo kosakondeka sikukufuna pellei.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamwetsa mapaleti muyenera kusamala - simungathe kutsanulira madzi pa masamba.
Mafuta a feteleza
Mofanana ndi zomera zowonongeka kwambiri, pa nthawi yogwira kukula (kasupe-autumn), pellets amafuna zina kudyetsa. Muyenera kudyetsa chomera kamodzi pa masabata 2-3. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zovuta kapena zofunikira za zomera zokongoletsa.
Ndikofunikira! Oyera nayitrogeni feteleza sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa pellets, chifukwa imasowa mwapadera kwambiri kufufuza zinthu.
Panthawi ya dormancy (yozizira-yozizira), ngakhale kuti mapepala samaleka kukula, feteleza sichigwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale ngati chitayika cha kukongoletsa.
Kodi ndi liti pamene mungamuke pellets
Mbalame imapanga masamba oposa khumi ndi awiri nthawi iliyonse, ndipo akale amauma. Mafinya samadzitsanulira masamba awo ndipo amafuna kunja kwothandizira - akale, owuma komanso oyipa masamba basi kutchera. Chomerachi sichifunika kubwezeretsedwa. Ndikofunika kubwezeretsa mapepala ngati mizu ikukula m'nthaka, ndikusintha zowonjezera pamwamba pa zaka zitatu (pafupifupi theka la zakale zimaloledwa ndi zatsopano). Komanso pamene mukufalikira, ngati feri ikukula, ziyenera kugawanika kumagulu a chitsamba.
Poto lopiritsa pellets liyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kuposa kale (masentimita angapo m'lifupi ndi m'lifupi). Simukuyenera kugwedeza mizu pansi - chomera chiyenera kuikidwa mu chidebe chatsopano ndi nthaka "yaumwini". Pambuyo pa kuziika, fern, monga Pilan Lebanese, imafuna chisamaliro chapadera kunyumba: kwa masiku 3-5 oyambirira, duwa liyenera kusungidwa muzomwe zimasintha (mu mthunzi wamba, kutentha kwambiri), kusunga chinyezi cha dziko lapansi mpaka icho chimasinthira ndi kubwezeretsa kukula.
Mukudziwa? Ferns - zodabwitsa kwambiri oimira dziko la zomera. Archaeologists ndi lero ndi zojambula zowonongeka za zomera, omwe anakhala miyandamiyanda yapitazo.
Zovuta pa kukula kwa pellets kunyumba, matenda akulu ndi tizirombo tina
Pelley sichikukhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mavuto angakhale awa:
- Masamba ofiira ndi mphukira zofewa. Izi zingachitike chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi chinyezi. Mofanana ndi kukula kwa nsalu yotsekedwa, pamene mukusamalira ferns pakhomo, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madzi mumphika sakukhazikika.
- Ngati pellets ili ndi masamba otsekemera ndipo ayamba kugwa, zikutanthauza kuti kuunika kwake kuli kowala kwambiri, ndipo mukuyenera kusintha malo a mphika kapena kukonza kuwala kwa zomera.
- Zomera ndi zouma masamba zimasonyeza kuti kutentha kwabwino kwathyoka - fern ndi yotentha kwambiri.
- Masamba amatembenuka ndipo amauma pamapeto, masamba atsopano ndi ochepa. Izi ndi zotsatira za kupeza pellets mumthunzi.
- Mabala achikasu ndi ofiira pa masamba a fern akuyankhula za kutentha kwa dzuwa.
- Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kupiringa - mbewuyo ilibe mpweya wokwanira. Ndikofunika kuthamangitsira chipinda nthawi zambiri.
- Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi (ozizira, ndi chlorine zambiri), nematode ikhoza kuyamba m'nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, phulusa likhoza kupulumutsidwa pokhapokha ndikuika mu nthaka yatsopano ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka nthawi yomweyo.
Zowopsya kwambiri pa mapaleti ndi awa:
- zowola zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha madzi;
- chishango;
- thrips;
- aphid
Zindikirani kuti mapaleteni samakhala ndi tizirombo tomwe timagwira ntchito mwakhama - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kusamba masamba kumenyana ndi tizirombo sikunalangizidwe - ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mapuloteni abwino samangowonjezera zokongola zanu zokongola, komanso muzidzaza nyumbayo mosiyana. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupereka zinthu zabwino kwa fern.
