Zenga Zengana - mitundu yayitali komanso yokondedwa kwambiri yamasamba

Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso (yodziwika kuti sitiroberi kwa nthawi yayitali) Zeng Zengan adawoneka kale kwambiri, koma mpaka pano ndi imodzi mwa minda yathu.

Mbiri ya Zenga Zengana

Mbiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana idayamba ku Germany mu 1942, pomwe nkhani ya masamba ozizira ndi zipatso inali yoyenera. Maziko adatengedwa sitiroberi Marche ndi zipatso zonenepa kwambiri zomwe sizitaya mawonekedwe pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, koma ndi kukoma pang'ono. Pambuyo pamaulendo angapo a Marche ndi mitundu yolawa yabwino, pansi pazovuta zankhondo, m'chilimwe cha 1945 ku Luckenwald, mitundu yambiri yazomera yabwino idapezeka.

Komabe, kutha kwa nkhondoyi, chitsogozo cha ntchito yoswana chisintha, tsopano zokolola, kukoma kwabwino, kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, komanso kuthekera kokula m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya nyengo kunayamba. Makolo a maanja atatu opambana kwambiri omwe adapulumuka nkhomaliro mu 1949 anali mitundu ya Markee ndi Sieger. Kusankha ndi kufalitsa mbewu zabwino kwambiri, mu 1954, obereketsa adabweretsa mitundu yotchedwa Zenga Zengana.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a sitiroberi wamtchire

Mitundu ya Zenga Zengana idaphatikizidwa mu State Register mu 1972 ndipo idasankhidwa m'magawo otsatirawa:

Kumpoto chakumadzulo;
Pakatikati;
Volga-Vyatka;
Central Black Earth;
North Caucasian;
Middle Volga;
Pansi Volga;
Ural.

Zenga Zingana sitiroberi mitundu yakucha-kucha. Tchire ndi lalitali, laling'ono, lokhalapo masamba obiriwira osalala, maulendo oyendayenda ali pamtunda womwewo ndi masamba kapena pansi pake. Zomera zimapanga ndulu zingapo zazing'anga, popeza kuyesa konse kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu. Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu.

Maluwa a mapesi a Zeng Zengan amapezeka pansi pa masamba, zipatso zimatha kugwa pansi

Chomera si cha mtundu wokonza, chimabala kamodzi kokha pakati pa Juni. Zipatso zoyambirira ndizazikulu - mpaka 30 magalamu (pafupifupi kukula 10-12 magalamu), zabwino kumapeto kwa zipatso. Zipatso zomwe zimakhwima padzuwa zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira wakuda kapena burgundy, mumthunzi - wofiyira.

Zopanga zazikulu Zopanga Zeng Zengan, zopanda khosi, zofiirira zofiirira,

Zipatsozi zimakhala ndi kukoma kokhala wowawasa bwino, onunkhira kwambiri, wokhala ndi zamkati, mulibe voids. Khungu limanyezimira, ma achenes amawonjezeranso zamkati. Cholinga cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chilengedwe: zipatso zimasungabe mawonekedwe awo ndi kukoma kwambiri kupanikizana, ma compotes, kozizira.

Ma bus popanda kumuika amatha kubereka zipatso malo amodzi kwa zaka 6-7. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kumera panthaka iliyonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosazindikira komanso yodalirika.

Kanema: Zipatso za Zeng Zengan poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina

//youtube.com/watch?v=sAckf825mQI

Kubzala ndi kukula mabulosi a Zeng Zengan

Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi imayamikiridwa chifukwa chosabereka, mukufunikabe kulimbikira kuti mukule bwino.

Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha malo oti mudzakhale. Iyenera kukhala yotentha, yopuma komanso yopanda madzi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri mabulosi azikhala:

nyemba
radishi
kaloti
beets
uta
ndi adyo.

Kubzala mbewu zingapo za mabulosi zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda omwewo ndiosafunikira:

chovala chakuda
rasipiberi
jamu.

Malo oyandikana nawo athandizira kusunga zokolola: ma slgs sangathe kuletsa kununkhira kwa parsley, kuwopseza Marigold pamatope, ndipo anyezi ndi kaloti amathamangitsa tizirombo wina ndi mnzake, potero timathandizira mabulosi.

Kukonzekera kwa dothi

Ngakhale mitundu siyosankha dothi, loams osaloledwa ndiwo njira yabwino koposa. Nthaka iyenera kutsukidwa namsongole, ukala ndipo, ngati pakufunika kutero, laimu. Kuchepetsa ntchito acidity:

dolomite ufa (kuchokera 300 mpaka 600 g pa 1 mita² kutengera nthaka acidity;
choko (100-300 g pa 1 mita²);
phulusa (1-1,5 kg pa 1 mita²).

Thumba lophinjira limathandizidwanso kuti nthaka ichoke, ndipo dziko lapansi lidzalandiranso zinthu zofunikira. Pamwamba mutatha kusakaniza deoxidizer umasakanizidwa bwino.

Masabata 2-3 asanabzalidwe, dothi liyenera kukhala ndi manyowa. Chifukwa cha izi, 1 m² muyenera kupanga:

5-6 makilogalamu a humus;
40 g wa superphosphate;
20 g wa feteleza wa potashi:
- potaziyamu sulfate;
- potaziyamu carbonate;
- potaziyamu nitrate.

Phulusa la nkhuni ndilinso feteleza wa potashi. Potaziyamu mankhwala enaake ndi osafunika, kupatsidwa chidwi cha sitiroberi kuti chlorine.

Kubzala mbande

Mutha kubzala mbande kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Koma tizikumbukira kuti mbewu zabwino kwambiri zimaphuka kutentha motere:

mpweya + 15 ... +20 ° C;
dothi +15 ° C.

Mabulosi sayenera kukhala wothinitsidwa, njira yoyenera yoyenera kubzala:

25-30 masentimita pakati pa tchire;
70-80 masentimita pakati pa mizere.

Ndikwabwino kubzala mbande madzulo kapena kwamvula.

Pazomera zathanzi komanso zophuka bwino, timapepala timadulidwa, timatsala osachepera 5, komanso mizu yayitali kwambiri imafupikitsidwa mpaka 8-10 cm. Kubzala kumachitika motere:

Konzani zitsime ndikutsanulira 150-200 ml ya madzi ofunda mu iliyonse.
Pansi pa mabowo, timatumba tadothi timapangidwa ndipo mbewu zimayikidwamo, ndikuwongola mizu mosamala.
Mukabzala sitiroberi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti malo okula ali pamunsi; pakadzala, tchire lidzasungunuka
Finyani mbande ndi dothi, ndikupanga dothi mofatsa.
Kuthirira kubzala ndi mulching dziko lapansi mozungulira mbewu ndi humus, udzu, utuchi. Kutayika, masamba ndi udzu watsopano sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Dothi la mulch mpaka 10c cm limateteza mabedi kuti asamalizike, kuchepetsa madzi ndikuthandizira kulimbana namsongole

Kanema: momwe mungabzalire sitiroberi

Zosamalidwa

Kusamalira mitundu ya Zeng Zengan ndikosavuta. Idzatenga mavalidwe angapo apamwamba pamsika, monga:

Kumayambiriro kasupe, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amayikidwa. Supuni imodzi ya urea imasungunuka mu malita 10 amadzi, ndipo osaposa theka la lita imodzi yothetsa mbewu iliyonse amathiriridwa pansi pamzu.
Musanadye maluwa:
- feteleza wovuta (Nitroammofoskoy kapena Ammofoskoy);
- feteleza wa potashi;
- feteleza wachilengedwe.
Pambuyo yokolola. Udzu woyamba ndi kumasula nthaka, kuchotsa masamba akale, kenako kubweretsa superphosphate pansi pazu.

Mutavala pamwamba, mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa. Kuthira manyowa a mitundu ya Zenga Zengana ndikosamalitsa kwambiri, chifukwa salola chinyezi chambiri. Pakakhala kouma, kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 5-7, dziko lapansi liyenera kunyowa 20-30 cm. Njira yabwino yothiririra madzi ndi kuthirira, chifukwa madzi amapita kumizu ya mbewuzo.

Kanema: momwe angapangire kukhetsa kuthirira

Mukathirira, muyenera kumasula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole. Masharubu ayenera kudulidwa mwachangu kuti muwonjezere zipatso. Kukula kwa mitengo ya zipatso pa agrofibre kwambiri kumathandizira kusamalira, komwe kumateteza zipatso kuti zisakhudzane ndi nthaka ndikulepheretsa namsongole kukula.

Kuphatikiza kubzala sitiroberi pa agrofibre ndi ulimi wothirira kukapumira, mutha kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino kwambiri

Njira zolerera

Chifukwa chakuti mitundu ya Zenga Zengana imapanga mitundu yaying'ono yamapepala, imatha kufalitsidwa pogawa chitsamba kapena njira yofesa.

Gawani chitsamba. Muyenera kukumba kamsika wazaka 4, chotsani masamba owuma ndikugwedeza pang'ono kuti gawo lina lapansi ligwedezeke. Kenako ikani mizu yake kukhala beseni lamadzi, ndipo mutatha kuuluka, gawani chitsamba mosamala.
Nyanga (rosette yokhala ndi msana) imatha kuyamba kubereka zipatso nthawi ikubwera
Kufesa mbewu. Kuchokera zipatso zazikulu, zokhwima bwino, kudula wosanjikiza wapamwamba, wouma ndikupaka m'manja kuti mulekanitse njere. Asanabzale, amanjenjemera: kuyikidwa pakati pa zigawo za gauze, zopukutidwa ndi madzi ndikuziyika kwa milungu iwiri mufiriji pa kutentha kwa 5 ° C, kupewa kupukuta. Kenako mbewu zimafesedwa m'mabokosi, miphika kapena mapiritsi a peat ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu, yomwe imachotsedwa pakumera kutulutsa. Masamba 3-5 amawonekera pazomera, amathanso kubzala munthaka.

Kanema: momwe angakulire sitiroberi kwa njere

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Zosiyanasiyana sizimakhudzidwa ndimatenda monga powdery hlobo ndi verticillosis.. Komabe, sichitha kukhazikika pamalo amtambo ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi nthata ya sitiroberi. Masamba a maluwa a Zeng Zengan ndiwofowoka, chifukwa mabulosi amagona panthaka komanso amadwala imvi, makamaka zaka zamvula.

Gray zowola

Matenda akulu a sitiroberi a mitundu ya Zeng Zengan ndi zowola imvi. Matendawa amafalikira mwachangu ndipo amatha kuwononga pafupifupi 90% ya mbewuyo.

Ngati zowonongeka ndi zowola imvi, zipatsozo zimamera ndi zokutira zokulunga ndi zowola

Popeza vuto lalikulu lingawoneke ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yamvula, ndikofunikira kuyendera tchire pafupipafupi, ndipo ngati matenda atapezeka, chitani zinthu kuti mupeze:

sonkhanitsani ndi kuwononga zipatso zonse;
gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala: Apirin-B, Sinthani, 1% Bordeaux madzi;
utsi ndi ayodini (10 madontho 10 malita a madzi) ndi yankho la mpiru (Sungunulani 50 g ya ufa mu 5 l wamadzi otentha, mutatha masiku awiri kulowetsedwa, phatikizani madzi ndi kuchuluka kwake mwa 1: 1.

Komabe, njira zazikulu zothanirana ndi imvi zowola ndizopewera:

osachulukitsa ikamatera;
maudzu munthawi yake;
deoxidize nthaka;
mulch ndi udzu kapena pine zinyalala;
kubzala adyo kwa sitiroberi;
patatha zaka zitatu, sinthani malo omwe akutsikira;
kuwononga zipatso matenda nthawi yake;
mukakolola, chotsani masamba;
pa zipatso, yesani kusankha zipatso pansi.

Maonekedwe a bulauni

Matendawa amayamba ndikuwoneka ngati mabanga a bulauni m'mphepete mwa pepalalo, ofanana ndi matawu a tan. Amakula, kuphatikiza ndikutsogolera kupukuta masamba.

Malo amtundu wofiirira ali ofanana ndi zoyaka moto.

Landings iyenera kugwiridwa:

fungicide Oksikh;
Bordeaux amadzimadzi (3% - asanaphuke, 1% - asanakhale maluwa ndi kutola zipatso).

Otsutsa a othandizira othandizira amatha kuthira tchire matenda ndi yankho:

10 L madzi;
5 g wa potaziyamu permanganate;
Supuni ziwiri za koloko;
1 vial ya ayodini;
20 g ya sopo (onjezani pambuyo pazinthu zina).

Strawberry mite

Chingwe cha sitiroberi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitingathe kumuwona ndi maliseche. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi izi zimatha kuzindikirika ndi masamba opunduka, omwe amasintha pang'onopang'ono kukhala bulauni ndi louma. Zotsatira zake, kukula kwa chitsamba kumachepa, ndipo zipatso zake ndizochepa.

Strawberry nthata zafota, zimapangitsa kuti ziume

Pa prophylaxis, masimba amatha kufafaniza ndi 70% colloidal sulfure solution. Ngati tizilombo tathandizira kale mbewuzo, ndiye kuti Actellik kapena Spark M azigwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndemanga kuchokera kwa wamaluwa waluso

Kusagwirizana kwa malingaliro amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Zenga Zengana kukugwirizana ndi kulimidwa kwa sitiroberi munthaka zosiyanasiyana munthaka zosiyanasiyana. Kuwonongeka kungakhalenso chifukwa cha kubereka kosayenera. Chifukwa chake, kalasi limasintha mukabzala mbewu kapena mukamachotsa pamipanda yakale.

Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwakhala chisonyezo pochita ku Europe. Koma posachedwa, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwapakatikati, kukakamira kuvunda ndi kukoma kwapakatikati, kwataya tanthauzo. Paminda yamafakitale yamafamu otukuka, mitundu ina ikusintha. Mtundu wa mabulosi amawoneka bwino - oyamba kuwonekera pang'ono, kenaka ozunguliridwa. Ndikuwonjezeranso kuti mtundu wa zipatso zakupsa ndiwofiyira kapena wokhala ndi burgundy. Ndipo thupi limakhala lakuda ndipo ndilopanda tanthauzo. Kufooka kwa mapesi a maluwa kumadziwika kuti ndikutheka kwa mitunduyo ndipo mabulosi amagwera panthaka ndipo amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri ndi imvi zowola. Makamaka pazaka zosaphika. Koma kukoma kwakukulu ndi kukolola kwakukulu zikufotokozera kutchuka kwa mitundu yodalirika yakale iyi ku Germany. Inde, ndipo chinthu china chosiyananso ndi mitunduyo ndi masamba obiriwira, osalala, owala. Masharubu samapanga zambiri, popeza kutulutsa kumayamba kuyika nyanga zingapo - izi zimasankha zokolola zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Nikolay Country Club
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0

Sindikonda kwenikweni za kukoma kwa Zenga Zengana (ndimakonda mitundu yokoma, monga RU yomweyo). Zenga ndi wa okonda wowawasa. Mwa ine, iyi mwina ndi asidi wambiri kwambiri. Koma shuga nawonso ndi wokwera. Chifukwa chake, ndizosangalatsa kudya. Kutsitsimula kwabwino. Ndipo ndimakonda machulukidwe a mabulosi. Zowona, Zenga adalemekezedwa chifukwa cha zipatso zake komanso kusagwira ntchito kwawo. (Chaka chino, kucha kunayamba mu sabata yotentha kwambiri, zowola imvi - kutanthauza kufooka kwa Zenga Zengana, kulephera kufotokoza). Ogwira ntchito molimbika. Imatsimikizira kuchuluka ndi zabwino (koma ndizowona kuti kumapeto kwa kusonkhanaku padzakhala mulu wazinthu zazing'ono zomwe ulesi ungatenge). Wantchito wamkulu wa sitiroberi wanga.
Ivann
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0

Monga momwe kalasi yanga imabala. Kukula kwa zipatso zake ndi pafupifupi. Chaka chino nthawi zambiri kumagwa mvula yambiri. Mapeto ake, pali mavuto. Tsikulo limalowa, koma osati mozama, pamasamba amodzi, timayankha mwachangu. Koma kulawa ... zipatso zoyambilira sizinali zosangalatsa, koma zotsiriza zimakhala zokoma komanso zotsekemera. Zotsatira zake, ndimakhala ndikuyamwa, chifukwa cha kuzizira komanso zipatso zosafunikira.
Irina Matyukh
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showpost.php?p=793647&postcount=3

Ndipo apa nlokoma, kopanda asidi.
Vlada
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0

Ndazindikira kuti: 1. zipatso zakumunda wachiwiri zimathandizidwa mwamphamvu, 2. zokolola zosiyanasiyana zimatsika kwambiri chaka chachiwiri. Sindinapeze zabwino zambiri pamitunduyi, poyerekeza ndi kuswana kwatsopano. Adalankhulanso osadandaula.
gala
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?p=545946#p545946

Achibwenzi achi Czech alemba zinthu zosangalatsa za Zeng. Izi ndizomwe ndidamvetsetsa chifukwa cha mzanga wa Google: Mitundu yotchuka ya ku Germany, yomwe dzina lake idakhala chizindikiro cha sitiroberi. ... (m'mbuyomu) mitunduyo idadziwika chifukwa cha zokolola zake zambiri komanso zipatso zabwino, zofiirira zakuda. ... zokolola zake zidali 2-3 kg / m², mochenjera mwaluso zizindikiro zamitundu yonse. Kutengeka ndi zipatso zowola kunali koyenera. Ubwino wabwino kwambiri inali kusinthasintha kwake dothi lamtundu uliwonse. Zenga Sengana anakula paliponse, kunalibe mavuto okhudzana ndi matenda aliwonse. ... Koma izi, mwatsoka, sizomwe zilipo pakali pano. Zomwe tsopano zikuyenda ngati Senga Sengana sizofanana kwenikweni ndi mitundu yoyambirira. Pazaka 20 zapitazi, mwatsoka, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwamasamba kolakwika, pakhala pakukula kwa zinthu zosiyana kwambiri zobzala - magulu atsopano okhala ndi zinthu zowonongeka apezeka. Mitundu yakale ya Senga Sengana inatulutsa zipatso zopitilira 20 t / ha ndipo sizinkavutika kwambiri chifukwa cha zowola. Mawonekedwe a Senga Sengana amakono ali ndi zokolola pafupifupi 10 kg / ha ndipo amawongoletsedwa kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa kukula kwa mabulosi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa mabungwe angapo ofufuza ku Germany, zikuwoneka kuti masiku ano palibe munthu ku Europe yemwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa Senga Sengana ... Mutu wakuipa kwa kuthekera kwa mitunduyo ukukulira ...
Ivann
//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1055&st=0

Mutha kuganiza kuti mitundu ya Zeng Zengan ndi yachikale ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yomwe imapamwamba kuposa izi. Komabe, kwambiri m'mawa kwambiri kuti tipeze sitiroberi yodalirika iyi, yopanga zipatso komanso yopanda chinyengo, imatha kutisangalatsa ndi zipatso za zipatso zokoma.