Mwinamwake osati pakati pa chithaphwi zomera zimakhala zonunkhira koposa zakutchire rosemary Ndi shrub yobiriwira nthawi zonse, kukopa chidwi cha maluwa obiriwira ndi otchedwa heavy, mafuta onunkhira. Ndi mankhwala oyenera, rosemary zakutchire sizikutanthauza zokongoletsa - zimapindulitsa m'munda ndipo zimachiritsidwa, zimatsitsimutsa, zimayeretsa thupi la munthu. Kuonjezera apo, mbewuyi ndi yosavuta kukula popanda khama lalikulu.
Mukudziwa? Rosemary ndi dzina la banja la a Heather, dzina lake limachokera ku chilankhulo chakale cha Chirasha "bangulit" - "poizoni", ndipo chiganizo chakuti "bagul" chotengedwa kuchokera ku ilo chimatanthauza "chakupha", "choledzeretsa", "chowopsa". Anthu amazitcha choncho chifukwa cha kutchulidwa, fungo labwino, lomwe lingathe kukhala lopweteketsa ngati litakanizidwa kwambiri.
Ledumberry ali ndi dzina la sayansi - Ledum (Latin Lédum), limene linachokera ku Greek "ledon" - kotero okhala mu Greece wakale ankatcha zofukiza. Pano palibe lingaliro lofanana ponena za banja lake: Mabotolo a kumadzulo amadziwika kuti wild rosemary ndi rhododendron ndikutchula onse zomera mofanana - Rhododendron; komanso m'zinenero za ku Russia, wildsemary limatengedwa ngati mtundu wosiyana. Komabe, dzina lirilonse lingalingaliridwe molondola.
Mbali yeniyeni ya zakutchire yotchedwa rosemary ndi yakuti nthawi ya maluwa imatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa anthu. Gwero la fungo la pungent ndi mafuta ofunikira, omwe ali ndi poizoni, omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje. Nununkhi imayambitsa mutu ndi chizungulire, choncho sizodandaula kuti mubweretse maluwa a rosemary m'nyumba. Uchi wotengedwa kuchokera ku maluwa (wokondedwa "woledzera"), umene sungakhoze kudyedwa popanda kutentha, umakhalanso woopsa.
Mitundu ya rosemary yakutchire
Chomera cha Evergreen Ledum chili ndi mitundu 10, yomwe ndi Ledum roseum yomwe imapezeka kwambiri.
Ledum rosemary
Ndi ozizira osagwira shrub omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa ndi owopsa. Amakula m'nkhalango, m'nkhalango zamchere, komanso m'mapiri, makamaka kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Siberia, kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa Ulaya, kumpoto kwa China, Northern Mongolia, ndi North America. Chitsamba chimenechi chimakula mpaka masentimita 60, koma pali zomera zomwe zimafika masentimita 120. Nyama yotchedwa rosemary rosemary imamera maluwa mu May ndi July, ndipo maluwa ambiri oyera, omwe amaoneka bwino, amaphuka pamphuno zomwe zimapanga mphukira.
Chipatso cha chomera ichi ndi oval pyatignezdnaya mabokosi ambiri. Maluwa okongola kwambiri a mathithi a rosemary amasonyeza chidwi cha shrub ngati chomera chokongoletsera, koma kulima m'munda sikunali kofala kwambiri. Kulima mitundu iyi ndi yophweka, ndi teknoloji yoyenera yaulimi, amakhala mu minda yamaluwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Anthu amtchire yotchedwa rosemary marsh amatchedwa udzu wa klopovaya, mathithi a hemlock, oregano, mapuzzles, ntchentche, mulungu wamkazi, bagunicus, bogun, nkhati kanabra, nkhalango yamaluwa.
Bagulnik Greenland
Mitundu imeneyi imapezeka m'madera akumtunda kulikonse. Ku Ulaya, Greenland rosemary yopita ku Alps, kumpoto kwa America ikufika kumpoto kwa Ohio, New Jersey, Oregon, ndi Pennsylvania. Zimakula makamaka pa zikopa zam'madzi kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo nthawi zina pamapiri a Alpine. Shrub yofiira nthawi zonse imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 50 - 1 mamita (nthawi zina mpaka 2 mamita). Masamba a chomeracho akuphatikizidwa pamwamba, ataphimbidwa ndi tsitsi loyera kapena lofiira lochokera kumunsi, ndi wavy pamphepete. Chomeracho chimakhala chozizira kwambiri.
Bagulik Greenland imamera kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa June kufikira theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa July. Maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera, komanso tiyi yam'tchire, timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso timakhala ndi fungo lokoma. Kulima, zakutchire rosemary wild rosemary ndizosowa, makamaka m'masamba a zomera. Mbeu za mbeu zimabereka kumapeto kwa September.
Mukudziwa? Greenland Ledumberry ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana ya Compact (Compacta) - masamba obiriwira mpaka 45 cm mu msinkhu. Ili ndi mtengo wokongoletsera wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha maluwa ambiri a kirimu maluwa, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumagulu a inflorescences.
Ledum rosewood
Mzinda wa Far East ndi Eastern Siberia, ku Korea Peninsula, ku Japan. Zimakula m'mphepete mwa nkhalango zamapiri, komanso m'mapiri a sphagnum, pamphepete mwa miyala yamtengo wapatali pakati pa tchire la nthenga. Amakhala ndi masentimita 50 mpaka 130. Iwo ali ndi mitundu yambiri, imamasula kuchokera kumayambiriro a May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Mbeu zakutchire za ripberry yakucha kumapeto kwa August - oyambirira a September.
Ledum masamba okwera
Mphepete mwa maluwa amamera, kapena mphepo yamkuntho imakula mumzinda wa Siberia, ku Far East: Kamchatka, Chukotka, Sakhalin, Primorye; kumpoto kwa North America, pachilumba cha Greenland. Low shrub, imatha kufika mamita 20 mpaka 30 mu msinkhu, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala mitundu yochepa kwambiri. Amamera m'mapiri, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mphepete mwa phiri, pamapiri otsetsereka otsetsereka, pamapiri a mchenga ndi pamapanga.
Mphukira za mitunduyi ili ndi tsitsi lofiira, lofiira. Masambawa ndi otalika, kuyambira 1 mpaka 2.5 masentimita, ofanana, ochepa kwambiri, atakulungidwa pansi. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pamene zilombo zakutchire zimauluka maluwa, zokwawa, zimatha kufika masentimita awiri - izi ndi maluwa akuluakulu a mitundu yonse ya zakutchire za rosemary. Komabe, maluwa ndi yosowa, osati okhwima ngati anzako.
Kusankha malo ndi nthaka ya rosemary
Ledumberry ikhoza kukhala paliponse paliponse, koma ndi bwino kulima mumthunzi, chifukwa sichikonda dzuwa. Mapuloteni obiriwira amawoneka okongola motsutsana ndi msinkhu wa spruce, pine kapena thuja, kotero kuti ukongoletsedwe ungawabzala pafupi ndi zomera zimenezi. Popeza dziko lakwawo ndi nthithi, nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa tsinde, makamaka mitsinje, iyenera kukhala yowonongeka. Pachifukwachi, dzenje limadzaza ndi mchere wambiri (magawo atatu), mchenga (gawo limodzi) ndi nthaka yamtundu kapena makungwa (mbali ziwiri). Mitundu yotereyi monga Ledum rosewood ndi Greenland imatha kulera ngakhale ku dothi losauka komanso lachinyontho, chifukwa gawolo limapangidwa motsatira ndondomeko yomweyo, koma ndi mchenga wambiri.
Kulima rosemary zakutchire
Kukula kwa rosemary sikukufuna kutsata malamulo ovuta odzala ndi osamalidwa, ndi odzichepetsa komanso osagwira ntchito. Nthaŵi yabwino yolima chomera chotchedwa rosemary ndi masika. Koma ngati mutagula chomera chokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yobzala siilibe kanthu. Zambiri mwa mizu ya rosemary zimakhala zakuya masentimita 20, koma kuya kwakukulu kwa kubzala fossa kuyenera kukhala 40-60 masentimita, chifukwa chomeracho chimabzalidwa m'malo osatha kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuwongolera mchenga ndi miyala ya mtsinje kugona mpaka pansi pa dzenje lakutsetsereka ndi wosanjikiza wa masentimita 5-8.Kuti musamayembekezere mpaka kamodzi kamene kakukula bwino, mukhoza kulima tchire zingapo pamtunda umodzi, podziwa mtunda wa pakati pa mabowo 60-70 cm. Mutabzala, tchire amafunika kuwonetsedwa.
Kusamalira rosemary zakutchire m'munda
Ngakhale kuti masamba otsogolera sakufuna dothi lachonde, amafunikira feteleza kuti akule bwino. Choncho, kuti mupeze chokongola, chomera chobiriwira, chiyenera kudyetsedwa. Chitani kamodzi pa nyengo, m'chaka. Ledamu imadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wothira mafuta, wothira pansi pa tchire la 50-70 g pa mita imodzi lalikulu kwa zomera zazikulu ndi 30-40 g kwa achinyamata. Chomera sichifunikira kudulira mwapadera. Pofuna kukhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, nthambi zouma komanso zowonongeka zimadulidwa.
M'nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha m'chilimwe rosemary amafunika kuthirira. Kamodzi pamlungu ayenera kuthiriridwa bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito 7-10 malita a madzi pa chitsamba. Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka yozungulira chitsamba iyenera kumasulidwa modekha ndikuyendetsedwa ndi peat kuti isunge chinyezi nthawi yayitali.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka yosafunika iyenera kumasulidwa mosamala kuti asawononge mizu yomwe ili pafupi ndi pamwamba.
Njira zobereketsa zakutchire rosemary
N'zotheka kufalitsa mitundu yonse ya zakutchire za rosemary m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mbewu ndi vegetative (cuttings, kugawa chitsamba, kukulumikiza).
Mbewu
M'nyengo yophukira, pamtunda wautali wa rosemary chitsamba chimatha kuwona mabokosi omangirira, ofanana ndi aang'ono. Mbeu zakutchire zimawomba mkati mwake, zomwe zimachulukitsa. Mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa mabokosi kapena miphika kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamwamba pa nthaka, isanasakanike ndi mchenga. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndi losavuta, lophatikiza ndi mchenga. Ndiye miphika imaphimbidwa ndi galasi ndikuyeretsedwa pamalo ozizira. Mbande imathiriridwa ndi madzi amvula kapena madzi olekanitsa, kuyamwa miphika tsiku ndi tsiku ndikupukuta galasi. Mbewu zimamera kawirikawiri pambuyo pa masabata 3-4 ndipo zimafuna kusamalira mosamala.
Njira zamasamba
Njira yofala kwambiri yofalitsira zomera zakutchire rosemary ndi kuika. Kuwombera kochepa ndi kumera pafupi ndi chitsamba cha mayi. Mphukira yowonongeka ili pamng'oma (osachepera 20 cm), chigawo chapakati chimaphatikizidwa ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi ndi peat, ndipo pamwamba ndi masamba amangiriridwa ku khola. Pambuyo pake, dzenje loponyera limakhala madzi nthawi zonse ku rooting ya gawo la pakati. Njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugawa chitsamba.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, shrub wamkulu amagawidwa mosamalitsa mu mbande zazing'ono ndikubzala pansi. Ndiye chodzala mulch. Komanso pa rosemary zakutchire, kubereka kwadulidwe ndi kotheka; komabe, njira imeneyi imafuna luso lina. The cuttings amakololedwa m'chilimwe: theka-lignified mphukira adadulidwa kwa kutalika kwa 5-7 masentimita, m'munsi masamba akudula, kusiya angapo pamwamba. Pofuna kuthandizira mizu ya cuttings, iyenera kuchitidwa kwa maola 18-24 mu njira yothetsera heteroauxin 0.01%, asidi asidi ya todole (IAA) kapena asidi ya succinic 0.02%, kenako amatsukidwa ndikubzala m'bokosi. Koma ngakhale atatha chithandizo chotero, rooting ya phesi la ledumum limapezeka kokha chaka chotsatira m'chaka.
Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo
Ngati mumapanga chitonthozo cha zakutchire rosemary, sichimadwala ndipo sichimenyedwa ndi tizirombo. Mwachiwonekere, izi ndi chifukwa cha fungo lamphamvu lomwe limaletsa tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a fungal ndi nthata za akangaude ndi nsikidzi zimachitika, zomwe zimachititsa chikasu ndi masamba kugwa. Pofuna kulimbana nawo, nkofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza mbewu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito rosemary yakutchire m'munda
Mitundu yonse ya rosemary zakutchire ndi yokongola, zomera zokongola zomwe zimakometsera minda yokongola. Amaluwa ambiri amamera chomera chokongoletsera m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena pamapiri. Zomwe zimabala masamba a zinyama zakutchire, zimapha mabakiteriya owopsa kwa anthu. Komanso, rosemary ili ndi machiritso. Mafuta ofunikira, omwe ali m'tchire rosemary, amakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ambiri. 
Masiku ano, zomera zamakono ndi zamakono zimadziwika kwambiri ndi zonse zokhudza rosemary zakutchire, kuphunzira za chomera ichi ndi zotsatira zake pa thupi la munthu ndi chilengedwe chikupitirirabe. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti posachedwapa wamaluwa adzaphunzira zambiri zokhudza phindu lopangidwa ndi chomera ichi.
