Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakumwa. Zina mwazinthuzi zimakonzedwa kuti zizimitsa ludzu lawo, koma zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuwotcha. Zakumwa zoterezi zili ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Zakumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe, zomwe zili ndi shuga. Pa nayonso mphamvu, amapita muzipangidwe zosavuta ndikupanga mowa, kuphatikizapo ethyl.
Anthu ena sakhulupirira anthu ogulitsa mafakitale pankhani za khalidwe ndi kukoma, kotero amasankha kukonzekera zawo, zopangidwa kunyumba. Pachifukwa ichi, zida zonse zoyambirira, monga tirigu, ndi zosalimba, monga zipatso ndi zipatso, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'nkhaniyi tiona zinsinsi za kupanga vinyo wosakaniza - gawo lothandizira kukonzekera ndi zofunikira zenizenizi.
Zida zopangira katundu ndi zophikira
Pofuna kukonzekera chakumwa chokoma ichi panyumba, mufunikira zolemba zosavuta:
- tolkushka;
- mbale;
- lalikulu;
- gauze;
- tchire;
- galavu yamagetsi kapena chisindikizo cha madzi.
Mukudziwa? Masiku ano, palibe amene amafunsa vinyo wokonzekera pa phwando. Koma izi sizinali choncho nthawi zonse. Kale ku Greece, alendo ambiri, kulandira alendo, nthawi zonse ankamwa vinyo wosakaniza, kuti aliyense atsimikize kuti vinyo sali wowopsa komanso woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuwonjezera pa ziphe, zomwe zinasakanizidwa mu chakudya cha mdani, bowa, zomwe zinalowa m'nyumbamo vinyo mumapangidwe, zimatha kupweteka zakumwa. Wokonzekera kumwa vinyo amatsimikizira kuti chodabwitsa ndi chitetezo cha mankhwalawa ndibwino.
Zosakaniza
- Jamu zipatso - 1.5 makilogalamu.
- Shuga - 0,5 makilogalamu.
- Madzi - 0,5 l.
Kukonzekera jamu zipatso
Sankhani mosamala maluwa onse opsa. Chotsani mmenemo chosapsa, chovunda zipatso, gooseberries ndi zizindikiro za nkhungu kapena zowonongeka. Pamwamba pa khungu la zipatso zimenezi muli zachilengedwe yisiti bowa, kotero simukusowa kutsuka mabulosi misa, ngati simungathe kusokoneza ndondomeko ya nayonso mphamvu.
Chotsatira ndi sitepe ya vinyo wokonzekera
Gooseberries - yachiwiri pambuyo pa ntchito ya kuthirira mphesa. Iwo samafuna kuwonjezereka kwowonjezereka, motero, pansi pa malamulo ofunika okolola, vinyo adzakhala wapamwamba kwambiri ndi chokoma.
Vinyo wokonzekera amatha kukonzekera kuchokera ku zipatso zambiri ndi zipatso: mphesa, plums, maapulo, raspberries, yoshty, wakuda chokeberry, wakuda currant, ananyamuka pamakhala.
Tengani zipatso zanu. Sakusowa kutsukidwa, yisiti zakutchire zomwe zimakhala pa iwo zidzatsimikiziranso njira yowonjezera ya vinyo. Ngati muli ndi zipatso zambiri, tengani zitsulo kapena pulasitiki ndi mbali zakutali. Zidzakhala bwino kugwada jamu. Zing'onozing'ono zingathe kukwapulidwa mu mbale yodziwika bwino. Thirani zipatsozo mu chidebe, kuzigawira izo muzomwe zimakhala zosanjikizika ndi kupfuula mofatsa pang'onopang'ono. Chilichonse chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito: zamkati, mafupa, khungu. Jamu lovuta limapereka madzi, choncho tambani mosamala. Lembani zamkati mwa mitsuko yoyera mpaka theka la voliyumu.
Mwamsanga pamene mabulosi a mabulosi ali okonzeka, yambani kuwonjezera madzi. Madzi amachepetsa acidity wa misa ndi kusungunula madzi otsala mu zamkati. Gawo labwino lidzakhala: gawo limodzi la madzi ku magawo atatu a zipatso. Makhalidwe a madzi ayenera kukhala osamveka. Tengani madzi akumwa okha m'sitolo kapena firitsi bwino. Madzi a pompu kapena ophikira omwe sangagwire ntchitoyi.
Yambani kuwonjezera shuga. Lerengani izo kuchokera muyezo wofanana monga madzi. Zingakhale zomveka kuti musadzaze buku lonse kamodzi, koma kuchoka pafupi kotala pang'ono kuti muwonjezere mankhwala pamene vinyo akukula. Chakudya cha yisiti chidzachitidwa ndi zakudya zoterozo komanso zowonjezera kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Koperani pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuti yisiti nthawi zonse ikhale ndi shuga kuti idye. Mukatsanulira shuga onse omwe mumasowa nthawi imodzi, idzawongolera ndikuchotsedwa pakutha koyamba.
Berry ayenera kukonzekera. Phizani mitsukoyo ndi nsalu yofiira, yofiira - izi zidzawapulumutsa ku tizilombo. Musamamangirire mwamphamvu kuti wort apindule ndi mpweya. Tumizani mitsuko ku chipinda chofunda kuti muyambe kuyamwa. Kutentha sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 22. Kwa sabata yotsatira, sakanizani zomwe zili mu zitini kawiri pa tsiku ndi chophimba chatsopano kapena chophimba. Kulimbikitsana kudzasinthanitsa bowa ndi pansi, ndipo onse adzalandira mpweya wofanana ndi shuga.
Mlungu umodzi mutatseka zitini, mudzawona momwe zidutswa zazikulu za zipatso (zamkati) zinkagwera - zamkati, peel. Chotsani ndi supuni kapena tating'ono ting'onoting'ono, khalani pambali ndi mbale. Sungani nsalu yomwe simunayende muzitini, kukanika kupyola muyezo waukulu kapena sieve yayikulu. Onjezerani ndi wort, yomwe imaphatikizidwa kuchokera pamkati, kutsitsa zamkati, ndi kutsanulira madzi pazitini kapena kuyika mu chidebe chimodzi chachikulu kuti mupitirize kuthirira.
Dziwani kuti jamu lili ndi thupi lotani
Kuti vinyo wanu asakhale vinyo wosasa, muyenera kuteteza mpweya wabwino ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amatsimikizira kutulutsidwa kwa carbon dioxide. Kuti muchite izi, mutseke makosi a zitsulozo ndi zitsulo zamagetsi kapena zoyenera magolovesi wamba.
Ngati mwaima pamagolovesi, ikani pamphepete ndikuponyera dzenje lakale kapena pakati pakati ndi singano yopyapyala. Njirayi ndi yabwino, koma si yabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha vinyo, chifukwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide ulibe nthawi yotuluka mu mabuku okwanira ndipo khunyu imatha.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti mpweya wochulukira sungalowe mu chidebe ndi wort yoyera. Chakudyacho chidzakhala chokwanira cha oksijeni chomwe chimalowa mu zakumwa panthawi yomwe imachokera ku dothi. Kupita patsogolo kwa mpweya kumayambitsa nkhungu.
The hydrolock, mosiyana, imapereka mpweya wabwino. Pangani zosavuta. Tengani kapu yolimba ndi pulasitiki ya pulasitala mpaka mamita masentimita awiri. Gwiritsani ntchito chivindikiro chofanana ndikuikapo payipi mmenemo. Pulogalamuyo iyenera kugwira mwamphamvu mu dzenje kuti asalole mpweya kudutsa. Zidzakhala bwino kuthandizira malo ophatikizidwa ndi sealant. Phimbani khosi ndikuchepetseni mapeto ena a hose mu kapu yamadzi. Madzi ndipo adzakhala ngati chipata: kumasula carbon dioxide, musalole mu mpweya wamlengalenga.
Pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse, titsani madzi ozizira kuchokera ku dothi, yomwe idzakhazikitsidwe pansi pa mtsuko. Mtengo wa dothi udzakhala waukulu, mpaka 50 peresenti ya misa yonse. Kukhetsa kunayamba kupukuta chiwongolera mu mitsuko yoyera ndi kuwonjezera shuga pang'ono kwa iwo asanatseke msampha kachiwiri. Pofuna kuthira yisiti adzalandira mpweya wofunikira komanso shuga. Nthawi ndi nthawi muzionetsetsa kuti mumamwa mowa. Ngati atchula acidity, mukuchita zonse bwino. Ngati chovalacho chili ndi zokoma, musawonjeze shuga, kotero kuti fungayi ikhale ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito shuga yomwe ikupezeka musanakwane.
Mukhoza kupanga vinyo kunyumba kuchokera pa kupanikizana kapena kumaphatikizapo.
Nthawi yonse yopanga zakumwa izi ndi miyezi iwiri kapena iwiri ndi theka. Onetsetsani kuti vinyo ndi wokonzeka, mukhoza kuthetsa kusungunuka kwa mpweya ndi mpweya mumsampha. Chakumwachi chikhoza kutenthedwa kale, koma pamapeto pake sichiyenera kuchitsekera m'mitsuko yoyendetsedwa. Mmenemo, ndondomeko yotchedwa "fermentation" ikuchitika. Kugawidwa kochepa kwa carbon dioxide ndi kupanga kapangidwe kakang'ono ndi fungo.
Poonetsetsa kuti msangamsanga wakumwa, sathirani m'mitsuko yomaliza (kawirikawiri mabotolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazimenezi) ndipo mwamphamvu muzikumba khosi ndi swab ya thonje. Ubweya wa potoni udzatulutsa mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide ndikuletsa kusokoneza chakumwa ndi microflora yachilendo.
Mukudziwa? Kudya vinyo kawirikawiri kumatanthauzira kuunika kwa fungo lake, osati kugwiritsa ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake ntchito ya tasters nthawi zambiri amatenga atsikana omwe angathe kusiyanitsa fungo lambiri poyerekeza ndi amuna. Kupezeka kwa zakumwa izi m'nthawi yathu ino sikukanakonda Aroma akale, amene adalamula chilango cha imfa kwa mkazi amene adamwa vinyo. Chiwawa cha Aroma chinasintha kokha m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC, pamene chilangocho chinasinthidwa ndi chisudzulo.
Malinga ndi shuga zokhudzana ndi shuga ndi ntchito ya microflora ya vinyo, Kutentha kumatha kumatha mwezi umodzi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Vinyo akhoza kudyedwa nthawi yonseyi, koma mutha kupeza kukoma kokha pokhapokha atatha. Nthawi yabwino yokhala ndi thonje ndi miyezi itatu. Pambuyo pake, chidebecho chikhoza kutsekedwa mwamphamvu ndikuyika pambali kuti zisungidwe.
Ndi zipatso zotani kapena zipatso zomwe zingagwirizane
Jamu ndi mabulosi odziimira ndipo amapereka kukoma pa nthawi ya nayonso mphamvu, mofanana ndi vinyo wamphesa. Kuti muthetse maluwa, mungathe kutsanulira jamu ndi choyenera chofiira currant kapena chakuda currant pamene mukutsanulira ku dothi. Idzapereka kutchulidwa kwa acidity ndi kuwawidwa pang'ono.
Kutentha ndi wakuda currants adzakupatsani mankhwala omalizira opangidwa bwino. Rasipiberi wort wambiri sweeten jamu. Koma chipatsocho, Kuwonjezera kwa maapulo kudzapanga jamu vinyo wophika tebulo, ndipo pichesi zamkati zidzasangalatsa kwambiri.
Kunyumba, zipatso za rasipiberi ndi kiranberi zimapanga liqueur zokoma.
Kodi mungasunge bwanji vinyo wokonzekera?
Kuyamba chidebe. Izi ziyenera kukhala mabotolo a mdima wamdima, osatsukidwa mosadetsedwa, osadulidwa musanatsanulire. Thirani zakumwa m'mabotolo, zitsekani ndi zipika, pezani zigawo ziwiri ndi nsalu zakuthambo ndikuziika muzitentha, koma osati madzi otentha (pafupifupi madigiri 60). Ndikofunika kusunga mabotolo muzochitika zotero kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu. Chotsani mabotolo m'madzi otentha, apukutireni ndi thaulo louma ndikuwasunga.
Chipinda chosungiramo katundu chiyenera kukhala chokwanira chonyowa (70%) ndi kuzizira - osati kutentha kuposa madigiri 12. Ikani mabotolo pang'onopang'ono. Choncho zakumwazo zimakhudzana ndi chitsambachi ndikuziwongolera, pomwe zimakhala ndi pulasitiki. Vinyo wa jamu ndi mankhwala ofooka, choncho akhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Kenaka imayamba kukalamba, kuuma ndi kutha. Musati muike botolo mufiriji. Kuthamanga kwanthawizonse kudzawononga maluwa, ndipo vinyo adzawonongedwa. Muzipinda zabwino za vinyo, samachotsanso fumbi m'mabotolo kuti asawasokoneze. Sungani vinyo monga momwe mungathere kuti muteteze ndi mankhwala, chifukwa umatengera fungo kudzera mumchere.
Ndikofunikira! Pitirizani kupanga vinyo wokhazikika pamtendere kwambiri. Sichilekerera kugwedezeka, kuzunzika, phokoso ndi kuwala. - uZinthu izi zakunja zimawononga maluwa ake.
Zimene mungachite
Popeza jamu kumwa zakumwa, iye akhoza kupita nawo chakudya chonse. Nsomba, masamba mbale, nkhuku mbale, nkhuku ndi Turkey zimakhala bwino ndi vinyo uyu. Zimamvekanso bwino ndi zokometsera, zipatso zilizonse ndi zakumwa za khofi.
Zolakwika Zachizolowezi
Kulephera kutsatira malamulo ofunika a winemaking kumapangitsa kuti chinthu chotsiriza chiwonongeke. Samalani kuti musapange zolakwika izi.
- Madzi osauka. Madzi ovuta kwambiri amachepetsanso ndondomeko yotentha. Osapulumutsa pamadzi, kugula mabotolo angapo a madzi okwera kwambiri. Madzi owonjezera amakhudza kwambiri khalidwe lachimaliziro - chiwombankhanga chimapweteka kwambiri, ndipo vinyo ndi wofooka kwambiri.
- Mitengo yambiri mu chidebe. Kwa iwo mudzawonjezera madzi ndi shuga, zomwe zimachotsa mbali ya voliyumu, ndipo panthawi ya kuthirira vinyo vinyo adzatsanulira kunja kwa chidebecho. Pofuna kupewa izi, lembani chidebe kwenikweni.
- Kusakanizikana kawirikawiri. Pofuna kupewa nkhungu kuti zisaphedwe chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya, zimayambitsa kawiri patsiku pamene zakumwa zikumwa. Choncho yisiti idzapatsidwa mlingo womwewo wa mpweya ndi shuga.
- Mabotolo akuda. Onetsetsani kuti mukuyambitsa matendawa musanayambe kumwa botolo. Ma microflora achilendo angathe kuwononga vinyo ndikupatsani fungo la phokoso.
Mukudziwa? Mizinga yosungiramo vinyo inapezedwa m'mabwinja a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Zaka zawo ndi mazana ndi zikwi za zaka. Koma chidebe chakale kwambiri cha vinyo, chodzaza ndi icho, chinapezeka mu gawo la Germany wamakono pafupi ndi mzinda wotchedwa Speyer. Izo zalembedwa ku zaka zitatu za nyengo yathu ino. Botolo ili linasindikizidwa ndi phula, ndipo zomwe zili mkati mwake zinasungidwa ndi kusakaniza mafuta, zomwe zinateteza vinyo ku chinyezi. Tsopano botolo lapadera limeneli limasungidwa ku Museum of Palatinate.
Malangizo othandiza
Kuphweka kwanu kupambana kumathandiza njirazi zosavuta.
- Madzi otentha. Madzi otentha anawonjezera ku jamu zamkati adzasungunuka shuga mofulumira ndi kusamba madzi kuchokera ku zikopa ndi zamkati.
- Sakani. Pakukathira kuthira vinyo kuchokera ku dothi ndikuyamitsa wort, yesani zakumwa kuti muwone ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera shuga kapena kusintha kutentha kwa nayonso mphamvu.
- Tulukani. Ngati vinyo amakhala wokoma kwambiri, wowawasa, kapena ayamba kupatsa nkhungu, uwatsanulire mumtsinje wautali wochepa mu chidebe china chosawilitsidwa. Kuchita izi kumapangitsa kuti zakumwa zikhale bwino ndi kuonjezera ntchito ya yisiti.
- Sambani wort. Lembani mosamala musanaimitse pansi pa chisindikizo cha madzi, kuti dothi likhale labwino ndi yunifolomu. Masamba, atagwidwa ndi vinyo wofufuzira, angayambitse maonekedwe a fungaleni.
- Sinthani vinyo. Ngati simukukonzekera kusunga zakumwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ikani firiji kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. Apo izo zikhoza kukhala mawonekedwe osavumbulutsidwa. Moyo wamakilomita ambiri umafuna kukalamba mwakuya. Ikani m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena chipinda chozizira ndipo muzisiye izo musanayambe kukwera.
- Sambani nkhungu. Ngati mwaiwala, ndipo chisindikizo cha chisindikizo cha madzi chinasweka, zikhalidwe za nkhungu zidzayamba kukula mu khungu. Vinyo wotere akhoza kupulumutsidwa. Pogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka, chotsani zizilumba za nkhungu kuchokera pamwamba ndikuziphimbitsa ndi kutsanulira. Tsekani pansi pa msampha wamadzi ndikuyika nayonso mphamvu.
Kupindula kwanu kunyumba ndi nkhani yomwe imabweretsa okondwa kwa okondedwa enieni. Musanachite izi, ganizirani ngati muli ndi chipiriro chokwanira. Sankhani zabwino zipatso monga zopangira. Samalani mosamala ndi kuwasankha kuti apange madzi abwino.
Kodi mukanakhala ndi vinyo wotani kuchokera ku mitundu yambiri ya jamu monga "Grushenka", "Malachite", "Honey", "Krasnoslavyansky", "Komandor", "Kolobok", "Consul"
Gwiritsani ntchito bwino khungu lanu, zamkati, mbeu kuti mupeze zipatso zabwino za madzi. Sungani chofufumitsa pamalo abwino. kuti asasokoneze chakumwa ndikusunga chiyero cha zinthu zomwe vinyo amatsanulira. Sungani zakumwa zabwinozi muzofunikira, ndipo adzakupatsani kukoma kokoma ndi kununkhira.
