Tomato ndi masamba otchuka kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana. Wamasamba aliyense akuyesera kupeza zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidzafunikire zochepa zopereka ndikupereka mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. M'nkhani ino tikambirana za Toma "Madeira", kambiranani makhalidwe ake ndi kufotokoza kwake. Komanso ganizirani mphamvu ndi zofooka za zosiyanasiyana.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Pamaso mwathu tikuyimira tomato wa chitumbuwa, omwe amatha kukhala wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso m'matanthwe osiyanasiyana kapena kunja.
Mitundu ina ya tomato ya chitumbuwa ikhoza kukula pakhomo kapena pawindo.
Mitengo
Indeterminantnoe chomera sichikuwombera akhoza kukula mpaka mamita 1.5-2 mu msinkhu. Mapepala amapepala amajambulidwa mumdima wobiriwira, ali ndi usinkhu wofiira. Tsinde ndi mphukira zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, zosagonjetsedwa ndi mphepo ndi kuphulika.
Mukudziwa? Chitsamba cha phwetekere, chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri mu mbiri yakale ya horticulture, chinali ndi kutalika kwa 16.3 mamita. Kwa chaka, chomerachi chinapatsa mwini wake 12,312 tomato kukula kwakukulu.
Zipatso
Tomato wofiira wamng'ono, khungu losalala. Chiwerengero cha zisa - 2. Pa burashi imodzi imapanga zipatso zokwana 16.kukhala ndi kulemera kwa 20 g.
Zakudyazi zimakhala ndi zokoma kwambiri ndipo zimanyamula bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano komanso kwa juisi, kuteteza kapena kukonzekera mbale zosiyanasiyana. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zipatso zokwana 7 kg zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pamtunda umodzi, komabe izi ndizomwe mutatsatira chitsanzo chodzala panthawi yokolola.
Makhalidwe abwino ndikuti tomato samang'ambika kutentha ndipo samatha kutuluka.
Makhalidwe a "Madeira" Masamba
Pambuyo pathu pali mtundu wosakanizidwa, umene umayamba kubala chipatso patatha miyezi itatu mbeu itatha. Kubzala "Madeira", mukuyenera kukumbukira kuti mbewu iliyonse imafuna mapangidwe ndi garters, mwinamwake zokolola zidzagwa theka, ndipo zipatso zokha sizidzakhala zapamwamba kwambiri.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi maonekedwe a chikasu chakuda cha uchi "Honey drop".
Wosakanizidwa akufunira kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha. Choncho, mutabzala pamalo otseguka, muyenera kupeza malo oyenera. Ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira m'dera lanu lotentha, ndi bwino kukula phwetekere pansi pa pulogalamu ya mafilimu.
Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira za chinyezi. Ngati tomato imakula pa chinyezi choposa 60%, tchire liyamba kukhudza matenda a fungus, ndipo peduncles idzagwa. Kuonjezera apo, kuyambitsa mungu kumakhala koipitsitsa.
Ndikofunikira! Wosakanizidwa sagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fodya ndi Alternaria.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Phwetekere "Madeira", monga tafotokozera, ndi phwetekere yamatchire - motero, imakula mogwirizana ndi makina ofanana.
Popeza mtundu wathu wosakanizidwa ukhoza kulima kuthengo, tidzakambirana njira zingapo za kulima.
Ngati mumadziŵa tomato zazikuluzikulu ndikuzibzala pansi, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso mavuto ndi tomato yamatcheri, pamene akukula mofanana.
Tomato amafunika kudyetsa mukukula. Eggsll, feteleza wa nettle, phulusa, nkhuku manyowa, mullein njira yabwino. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate, potaziyamu sulfate ndi nitrophoska.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi nthaka. Pofuna kukolola bwino, dothi la mchenga kapena loamy lolemera mu humus ndi mchere liyenera kupambana pa chiwembucho. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi zitsime zabwino kuti zinyontho zisapitirire. Ngati muli ndi dothi "loipa" pa webusaitiyi, muyenera kuwonjezera humus / kompositi, "madzi amchere", kapena kugula nthaka yopangidwa kale.
Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati mupulumutsa pa gawo lapansi, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kumakhala koyenera, choncho panizani ndalama ndi ndalama ndikupeza njira yabwino.
Pankhani ya nyengo. Ngati mumakhala kum'mwera, ndipo mu April masewera a masana ali pakati pa 16-20 ° C, mbewuzo zikhoza kufesedwa pansi. Ngati nyengo siikhala bwino, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala. N'zotheka kufesa mbewu mu nthaka kapena mabokosi a mbande pogwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi.
M'nthaka timapanga ndevu ndi masentimita 0,5, kufalitsa nyembazo ndikuwaza ndi nthaka. Nkofunika kuti mbewu sizo "zobisika" pansi, mwinamwake iwo sangakhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti atulutse mphukira.
Mutabzala mbeu zonse zimayenera kudula nthaka. Ngati anabzala m'mabokosi, sungani kumbali yakum'mwera, komwe kutentha kwa mpweya kudzakhala 25-28 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Tsiku lowala ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 10.
Mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera sabata ndi theka. Ndiyomwe mukufunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 20 ° C, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Tsiku lililonse timayang'ana gawo lapansi kuti tipewe chinyontho ndipo sitilola kuyanika kapena kutentha.
Mbande ziyenera kuyendetsa mu makapu osiyana mu gawo la masamba atatu. Timachita zonse mosamala kuti tisawononge mizu. Pakuika, pewani tsinde kuti mupeze mizu yambiri. Mukasamalira mbande pamalo otseguka, mukhoza kuchepetsa mzere kuti mupeze zotsatira zofanana.
Chomera mbande ziyenera kukhala nthawi yomwe kutentha usiku sikugwera pansi pa 10 ° C, koma ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti nthawi yomaliza yobzala ndi ya khumi yachiwiri ya June, kotero ngati mulibe nthawi yokonzanso "tomato", ayenera kukula m'nyumba.
Ndikofunika kuti pakhale malinga ndi njira inayake kuti mugwiritse ntchito dera lanu kufika pamtunda komanso kuti musayende. Mtunda wa pakati pa zomera zomwe zili pafupi ndi 0.7m, pakati pa mizera - 0.6 mamita.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene chitsamba chidzakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30, chiyenera kumangirizidwa ndi chithandizo.
Kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi yokhayokha ndi kusintha kwake kumasintha. Mitengo ingabzalidwe pafupi.
Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ngati wowonjezera kutentha sikutenthedwa, ndi kosafunika kufesa mbewu. Mbeu zokha zomwe zakhala zovuta kwambiri zingasamutsire ku "ozizira" wowonjezera kutentha.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule za mphamvu ndi zofooka za wosakanizidwa.
Wotsatsa:
- Zomera zimafuna nthaka yabwino ndi madzi abwino;
- popanda magalasi ndi mapangidwe, zokolola zidzakhala zochepa;
- osati oyenera kunja kulima ozizira;
- muyenera kuyika malo abwino ndi kuunikira bwino;
- Kulima kulipira kutentha kwakukulu kumafunika.
Zotsatira:
- kukolola koyamba;
- Zipatso zimasungidwa bwino ndikusamutsidwa;
- wosakanizidwa wotsutsana ndi matenda ofala kwambiri;
- bwino;
- Zingakhale zowonjezeka pakhomo ndi kutseka;
- chiwerengero cha ntchito;
- khalidwe labwino la mankhwala.
Mukudziwa? Nyamayi inadza ku Russia kokha m'zaka za m'ma XVIII. Kenaka idakula ngati chomera chomera, chifukwa chipatsocho chinalibe nthawi yoti zipse.
Kotero, ife tinaganizira zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana za tomato, zomwe zingapereke zokolola zabwino kumunda. Mitundu yambiri imatha kudzitama chifukwa cha chipatso, makhalidwe awo abwino. Komanso zimakondwera ndi kuti tomato sayenera kuchiritsidwa matenda osiyanasiyana, omwe atipatsa ife zokolola zokolola.
Komabe, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana idzalephera kukupatsani zokolola zabwino ngati zomera zikukula mu nthaka yosauka. Mavuto a nyengo kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kuchepetsa zokolola, kotero muyenera kulipira kwambiri kubzala kwa tomato a Madeira.
