Zinsinsi za kubzala sitiroberi mu yophukira: zabwino za njirayi, kusankha kwa malo, chisamaliro

Strawberry, mosakaikira, ndimakonda padziko lonse. Bulosi wokoma komanso wathanzi uyu amawonekera koyamba pamabedi athu ngati zokolola zamalimwe. Koma zovuta zambiri ndi sitiroberi: ali ndi vuto kwambiri ndipo akufuna kuchoka. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti mulime bwino chaka chilichonse. Kupanga chikhalidwe chilichonse kumayamba ndi kubzala. Mavuto ambiri amatha kupewedwa pobzala sitiroberi mukugwa.

Ubwino wobzala sitiroberi mukugwa

Pachikhalidwe, mabulosi adabzala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe. Dziko lapansi latentha kale mpaka kuya lokwanira ndipo laphwanyaza, chilimwe chotentha chiri kutsogolo, ndipo mbande zazing'ono zimazika mizu mosavuta. Koma likukhalira kuti kuyambitsanso nyundo kumalonjezanso kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi maubwino angapo poyerekeza ndi masika:

1. Strawberry wobzala mu kugwa adzapatsa chilimwe chotsatira. Kubzala mbande ya masika nthawi zambiri sikukupanga zipatso mchaka chimodzi.
2. Mukugwa, wolima munda amakhala ndi nthawi yaulere kwambiri kuposa nthawi ya masika. Pafupifupi mbewu zonse za m'munda wina zomwe zamangidwa kale, mutha kuchita sitiroberi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zambiri zobzala kale.
3. Masamba obzalidwa yophukira amafunika kukonzedwa kochepa.
4. Kutentha ndi kuphukira kwa masamba kumalola tchire tating'onoting'ono kuzika mizu pansi, kuti kenako azitha kuzizira.

Kusankha nthawi yabwino pamtunda

Mutha kudziwa tsiku lomwe mwasungirako, kutengera nyengo yomwe muli. Pafupifupi, pali mawu atatu awa:

• Kubzala koyamba kugonera kumayambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Seputembala.
• Mid-Autumn - kuyambira pakati pa Seputembala mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.
• Kubzala yophukira mochedwa kumachitika mwezi umodzi isanayambike chisanu.

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya sitiroberi imapereka masharubu kuyambira Juni mpaka Julayi. Zomera zimachitika posachedwa mu Ogasiti, ndipo masamba amapezeka mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala. Chifukwa chake, m'minda yoyambilira ndi yophukira imadziwika kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri kupeza zokolola zambiri.

Kubzala sitiroberi kuyambira koyambilira mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe kudzakolola bwino nyengo yamawa

Ngati mukufuna kufalitsa mbewuyi ndi masharubu, ndibwino kuwabzala pa Ogasiti 20 - Seputembara 15. Ndikabzala pambuyo pake, tchire limatha kudwala chisanu, osakhala ndi nthawi yolimba. Ngakhale kupangira filimu sikungapulumutse, ndipo kulima mopitilira kumakhala kovuta.

Khalendala yaiye amene wamalimiyo adzakuthandizani kusankha tsiku labwino kubzala. Musaiwale kuti mabedi a sitiroberi amafunikira zosinthidwa pafupipafupi zaka 3-4. Pa zokolola zochuluka, kufalikira kumayenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono. Yesetsani kukonza bedi limodzi chaka chilichonse, ndipo zipatso zake zimakusangalatsani ndi kuchuluka komanso mawonekedwe.

Thirani sitiroberi zaka zilizonse za 3-4 kuti mukolole zokhazikika

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kusintha nthawi ndi malo mabedi a sitiroberi. Ndikofunika kusankha dothi lomwe anakulira:

• radish;
• beets;
• kaloti;
• adyo
• anyezi;
• amadyera (katsabola, udzu winawake, saladi, parsley).

Magawo osavomerezeka omwe adakula kale:

• mbatata
• kabichi;
• biringanya;
• nkhaka
• tsabola.

Strawberry atengeke kwambiri ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mbewu izi.

Malamulo Odzala Zomera

Kuti mbande zazing'ono mwina zizika mizu ndikupatsa mbewu yabwino m'tsogolo, ziyenera kubzalidwe malinga ndi malamulo ena.

Timakonzera malo ogona

Ngakhale sitiroberi ili ndi fumbi, silimakakamiza nthaka mwapadera. Chikhalidwe chizikula pa dothi la mtundu uliwonse, koma ndi phanga limodzi: mabulosi amapereka zokolola zambiri panthaka yakuda, loamy ndi loamy nthaka. Peat, sod-podzolic, dongo ndi dothi lamchenga, mmalo mwake, zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola. Ndipo m'malo madambo, chikhalidwe sichidzakula konse.

Musanadzalemo tchire, gwirani ntchito kuti mupange nthaka yabwino. Ngati malowa ali ndi dothi lolemera, kuyambitsa humus pang'ono, manyowa ndi peat kungathandize, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri kuchulukitsa.

Kuphatikizika kwa dothi kumatha kuthandizidwa ndikuwonjezera feteleza mukakumba

Zabwino pamtunda zimakhala ndi kubzala manyowa obiriwira. Bzalani m'malo momwe mukufuna kupanga mabedi ndi sitiroberi, lupin kapena mpiru. Akakula, amatchetcha ndi kusinja, kusakaniza ndi nthaka. Chifukwa chake mudzapeza zabwino zingapo:

• nthaka yolemeretsedwa ndi nayitrogeni, mumafunikira feteleza wocheperako;
• kwambiri udzu;
• zovuta zamtunduwu zimaletsedwa - akuopa mpiru ndi lupine.

Ngati mulibe nthawi yokwanira kudzala manyowa obiriwira, ikani zinthu zosakaniza m'nthaka musanabzalidwe (1 mita² mabedi):

• 100 g ya superphosphate;
• 60 g ya potaziyamu mchere;
• 7 makilogalamu a humus.

Strawberry samakonda kukana tizirombo. Strawberry nematode, kachilomboka ka mbatata ya ku Colorado ndi mawayilesi anali kuwakonda kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuti malowo ali pansi pa mabedi kuti pakhale mphutsi zapansi panthaka. Ngati mupeza, thirirani dothi ndi madzi ndi ammonia, ndikuchotsa namsongole pamabedi.

Kuwala kwamadzuwa ndikofunikira kuti kukula kwa mabulosi abwinobwino komanso mwachangu, kotero kuwala koyenera ndikofunikira pamalowa. Ndikofunikanso kupatsa mbewuyo ndi sing'anga wazakudya chifukwa, onjezerani kompositi m'nthaka.

Kusankha ndi kukonza kubzala

Popanda mbande zabwino, kulima sitiroberi kopambana sikutheka. Munthawi ya kugwa, kusankha bwino mbande ndikofunikira.

Sankhani tchire lozungulira ndi mainchesi 6mm. Mbali yokhala ndi mmera wokhala ndi masamba yabwino imayenera kukhala ndi masamba 3-5, ndipo mizu ya fibrous iyenera kukhala ndi njira zabwino zotalika kuposa 7 cm.

Ngati mudagula mbande kumsika kapena kufunsa anthu oyandikana nawo, yesani kuwabzala pamalo okhazikika nthawi yomweyo. Mochulukitsa, ikani mbande mu dothi lomasuka, lonyowa. Mutha kuthanso mizu ndi tinthu tonyowa ndikukhazikitsa mbande pamalo abwino.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale mbande zomwe zidagulidwa pamundapo

Ngati inu nomwe mwakula tchire, siyani mbande mumthunzi masiku angapo. Musanabzale, tsitsani mizu kwa mphindi 10 mu dongo kuti muwatetezere kuti ayume ndikuwonjezera kupulumuka m'malo atsopano.

Kubzala mbande

Kuti musalakwitse mukabzala tchire, tsatirani malangizo awa:

1. Bzalani mbande m'nthaka yothira bwino. Ndikwabwino kusankha madzulo amadz mitambo. Sungani mbande pamtondo pomwe mukubzala.
2. Fupizirani mizu yotalika kuposa masentimita 10. Kutalika koyenera ndi masentimita 7. Muyeneranso kuchotsa masamba owuma kapena owonongeka.
   

   Kubzala sitiroberi wabwino kumakhala ndi mizu yabwino komanso masamba obiriwira

3. Musanabzale, thirirani bwino mbande kapena thirani kwa ola limodzi mukukula biostimulator. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwira tchire mu kulowetsedwa kwa adyo, izi zikuthandizira kuwonjezera kukana kwa mabulosi kwa tizirombo.
4. Pangani mabowo kuchokera pansi akuya masentimita 15 ndi masentimita pafupifupi 20. Yang'anani mtunda wa 30-50 cm pakati pawo.
   

   Mukabzala sitiroberi, mtunda pakati pa mabowo ukhale 30-50 cm, ndi pakati pa mizere 40 cm
5. Mu dothi lochotsedwa m'maenje, onjezani makapu awiri a manyowa owola ndi ndowa imodzi ya kompositi, sakanizani bwino. Finyani zonunkhira zomwe zili ndi mabowo mkati mwa mabowo.
6. Ikani chitsamba 1 pachilumba chilichonse kuti mbezo zikulire pamlingo. Fatsani mizu pang'onopang'ono.
   

   Mukabzala, mmera womera mmera (mtima) uzikhala pamlingo

7. Dzazani tchire la sitiroberi ndi dothi, ndikuchichirikiza modekha mosadukiza, ndikuthira ndi madzi. Finyani dzenje pamtunda ndi dothi, kapena bwino humus - izi zithandiza kuchepetsa nthaka.
8. Mutabzala tchire lonse, tulutsani pansi m'mundamo. Chifukwa chake madziwo amatha kuyenda mosavuta ndikuyenda m'mizu.

Vidiyo: Kubzala sitiroberi chakumapeto

Momwe mungafalitsire sitiroberi ndi masharubu

Njira yodziwika kwambiri yofalitsira sitiroberi ikukula mbande kuchokera kumayendedwe otchedwa masharubu. Zachitika motere:

1. Zomera zikabereka zipatso, samalani tchire lobala zipatso zambiri, zipatso zomwe zimakhala zazikulu komanso zokongola. Ndikofunika kuti tchire izi ndizachaka, zakubadwa zaka ziwiri.
   

   Sankhani tchire lalikulupo komanso labwino kwambiri pakukula kwa masharubu.
2. Sankhani malo akulu kwambiri opangira zitsamba izi. Bzalani m'nthaka, ndikuwonjezera michere m'nthaka, ndikuyikini. Chotsani ndevu zamabvu zolumikiza malo ndi chitsamba chachikulu. Komanso chotsani masharubu a yachiwiri ndi yachitatu.
3. M'mwezi wa Julayi, masamba 6 mpaka 500 okhazikika azidzayamba kudera lodzalidwa. Tsopano chotsani masharubu otsalira ndikudzala tchire zachinyamata pamalo okhazikika, osawonongera mtanda pamizu, ndikuthira pamadzi okhazikika.

Kanema: Zinsinsi za kubzala kwa sitiroberi

Kuphatikizira kwamazira

Ngati nthawi yoti muthawe majuzi kumalo atsopano, ndiye kuti simuyenera kudikirira masika. Chomera chimaleketsa kuti mbewu izitha bwino mu kugwa, kuphatikiza, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti musankhe malo oyenerera m'munda mutakolola mbewu zina.

Kuziika ndekha ndikothandiza kwambiri kwa ma strawberry: kumabwezeretsanso tchire ndikuthandiziranso chomera cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chomwe chimadziwika ndi chikhalidwe cha matenda omwe adunjikana m'nthaka.

Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusintha chiwembu cha sitiroberi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti komanso mu Seputembala yonse. Pakadali pano, chomera sichimabala zipatso ndipo chimatha nthawi yake yokulira, dziko lapansi limatenthetsedwa bwino ndi dzuwa ndi lonyowa, ndipo mpweya umakhala wozizira. Mpaka kuzizira kwenikweni kudzafike, masamba a sitiroberi azizika mizu, kukulira masamba atsopano ndikukula mphamvu nyengo yachisanu isanayambe.

Osabzala baka zakale patsamba latsopano. Kuti muchite izi, tangani tchire lokhala ndi zaka ziwiri zokha komanso mbande zazingwe kuchokera kumisili yodula masamba. Kuchokera pakuphukira kwazaka ziwiri, mudzapeza zokolola chaka chamawa.

Kusintha kupita kumalo atsopano, tengani tchire zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu

Ikani tchire mu mzere kapena dzenje, lodzazidwa ndi madzi, monga momwe mumabzala. Fesani mizu mosamala, kuwaza ndi dothi ndikupepuka pang'onopang'ono kuzungulira chitsamba. Tambalala bedi ndi wosanjikiza wa humus kapena peat.

Mawonekedwe akukula pa agrofibre

Tsopano wamaluwa ambiri ndi olima m'minda amagwiritsa ntchito agrofibre polima mbewu. Izi zadziyambitsa kale ngati wothandiza m'munda. Kuchulukitsa, zofunda zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito paulimi wa sitiroberi, chifukwa zimakuthandizani kuti muthe zipatso zam'mbuyomu kuposa kale.

Agrofibre ili ndi maubwino angapo owonekera:

• makulidwe akapangidwe amathandizira namsongole kuti asamere;
• mabowo ang'onoting'ono pakati pa ulusi amapitilira mpweya ndi chinyezi mosiyanasiyana;
• Kutentha kwa nthaka mu kama yokutidwa kumakhala madigiri angapo kuposa m'dera lozungulira;
• zipatso zake zimatetezedwa kuti zisakhudzane ndi nthaka, chifukwa zimakhalabe zoyera, sizovunda ndipo sizikuika pangozi matendawa.

Chifukwa chake, sitiroberi wamkulu pa agrofibre amafunika chisamaliro chochepa: mumangofunikira kutsimikizira kutsirira kwakanthawi.

Agrofibre imathandizira kukonza mabedi ndipo imapereka sitiroberi kukula bwino.

Chisanu chikangosungunuka, kuphimba tchire la mabulosi ndi agrofiber. Chifukwa chake mumateteza tumphuka todzutsidwa kuchokera ku zokongoletsera komanso zozizira pafupipafupi panthawiyi. Zinthuzo zimapanga ndikusunga pansi pake kutentha koyenera kwa mbewu ndikukula. Nyengo ikangokhala bwino ndikuwopseza chisanu kudutsa, chotsani chinsalu.

Mwa kukula ma sitiroberi mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono, mutha kukolola masabata awiri m'mbuyomu kuposa momwe nthawi zambiri amapikira. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa wamba wowonjezera kutentha pa arcs pabedi la sitiroberi.

1. Ikani zingwe zingapo za waya pafupifupi 6 mm ndikulunjika pabedi pamtunda wa 1 mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
2. Akuzeni mozama ndi 25-30 masentimita, ndikukhomerera pamwamba ndi zingwe zomwe sizingalole kuti chimango chiwonongeke.
3. Phimbani ndi agrofibre ndikukumba chinsalu kumbali imodzi ya mbewu yobiriwira ndi dziko lapansi kuti ikonze. Mbali inayo imatha kukanikizidwa ndi miyala ingapo kuti ipatutse zinthuzo kuti zitheke kupuma.
4. Mu nyengo yabwino, tsegulani agrofibre tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 15-30, ndipo kutentha mukakhazikika bwino, chotsani zinthuzo kwathunthu. Tizilomboti titaphukira, mutha kuphimba bedi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti likupuma.

Chonde dziwani kuti m'lifupi mulitali nsalu za agrofibre ndi 1.6 m kapena 3,2 m. Mudzafunika mupange bedi la mabulosi, mutapatsidwa magawo. Mwambiri, mutha kulumikiza mikwingwirima ingapo, koma kumbukirani kuti simuyenera kuchita izi-kuti-kumapeto, koma kupitilira. Pankhaniyi, njira yake iyenera kukhala osachepera 20 cm.

Werengani zambiri za njirayi m'nkhani yathu: Kubzala sitiroberi pa agrofiberi ndi kuyikira kuthirira.

Kubzala masamba a mabulosi pa agrofiberi ndi motere:

1. Panthawi yophukira yophukira masamba a mabulosi pansi pa agrofibre, konzani kama momwe mungafunire, ingomasulani dothi mwakuya momwe mungathere, chifukwa simukufunika kukumba malowa kwa zaka 3-4. Feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere ndimachita bwino kwambiri pasadakhale, chifukwa mizu ya sitiroberi simakonda kuvala pamwamba pakubzala.
2. Pangani ma handpins angapo kuchokera pa waya kuti akonze agrofibre panthaka. Ikani chinsalu pamwamba pa bedi la mundawo, chitetezeni ndi ma tepi kuzungulira komaso. Ngati zingwe zingapo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ikani ma studiowo pamzere wolumikizira. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyika zinthuzo m'mphepete ndi china chake cholemera: mabatani, njerwa, mipiringidzo yolimbikitsira ndi njira zina zowongolera.
   

   Kufalitsa agrofibre pabedi, ikonzeni ndi ma Stud kapena zida zotukuka

3. Pa agrofibre, pangani choko pamalo omwe zitsamba zidzakhalapo. Yang'anani mtunda pakati pawo, monga momwe amafunikira. Zizindikirozo zikhale zodula ndi mpeni, kudutsa mbali zakunja.
4. Pangani mabowo pansi pamadutsapo, dzalani zitsamba mwa izo mwa nthawi zonse. Kokani ngodya za agrofibre m'maenje, mudzaze pansi mpaka pamwamba pa mabowo. Thirirani chitsamba chilichonse.

Kanema: kubzala sitiroberi mu kugwa pansi pa agrofiberi

Strawberry Care

Ntchito yobzala sitiroberi ikatha, muyenera kuipatsa chisamaliro choterocho, chifukwa chomwe mizu yake imaphukira ndikulimbitsa mokwanira kulimbikitsa tchire nthawi yachisanu. Popeza feteleza munyengo yomwe amafunikira anali asanabzalidwe, kuvala kotsatira kumayenera kuchitika mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi.

Momwe mungamwere

Mutabzala, chomera panthaka chimafunikira kuthirira katatu pa sabata. Pakatha milungu ingapo, tchire limamera, kuthirira kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndikuwongolera kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse komanso kumasulidwa. Thirani madzi a sitiroko m'mawa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira, ozizira. Thirani kotero kuti isagwere pamasamba; Bola kumwa kuthirira chifukwa cha izi.

Thirani zitsamba pansi pa muzu kuti madzi asagwere pamasamba

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Pobisika la agrofiberi kapena zinthu zina zofananira, sitiroberi saopa mavuto, koma poyera pali nkhani inanso. Ndikofunikira kuti tichotse tizirombo tambiri nyengo yachisanu. Zitha kuwononga mizu panyengo yachisanu kapena kukhala otakataka kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamasamba pamene tchire limamera.

1. Mu 10 l madzi otenthedwa 30 ° C, sungunulani 3 tbsp. l karbofosa.
2. Ndi madzi awa, sinthani kama ndi mabulosi, omwe kale amasula nthaka mozungulira tchire 6-8 masentimita.
3. Phimbani bedi lochitidwa ndi filimu ndikusiya kwa maola atatu.

Popewa kukula kwa matenda, onunkhira mabedi a sitiroberi ndi 2% Bordeaux madzi kapena yankho la malita 10 a madzi ndi 1 tbsp. l mkuwa oxychloride.

Polimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo, mapangidwe a zotsatirazi adawoneka bwino:

• 10 malita a madzi ofunda;
• Supuni ziwiri za phulusa la nkhuni;
• Supuni zitatu za mafuta masamba osinthidwa;
• Supuni ziwiri za viniga;
• 2 makapu amadzimadzi sopo.

Sakanizani bwino zinthu zonse mpaka kusasinthika kopezeka ndikusanthula dimba la sitiroberi. Nthawi yomweyo, nyowetsani osati dothi lozungulira tchire komanso pansi pawo, komanso masamba a chomera.

Kudulira

Mukangobzala kapena kudulira, sitiroberi safuna kudulira. M'malo mwake, masamba atsopano amakula pamalonda, ndibwino. Koma masharubu omwe akuwonekera ayenera kuchotsedwa. Tsopano chomera chimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito michere yonse kumanga mizu. Chifukwa chake, idulani njira zake m'munsi mwake mukangozindikira. Zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ma peduncle.

Kuphukira kwa nthawi yophukira, sitiroberi silingakonzedwe osati ndi ndevu, komanso timitengo ta maluwa

Kukonzekera yozizira

Isanayambike nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusamalira kukonzekera kuti nthawi yozizira ikhoza kukhala matalala pang'ono. Poyamba, gwiritsani dothi lina pabedi. Olima maluwa aluso amalimbikitsa kutenga singano chifukwa cha izi, zomwe zimawopsya tizirombo ndi kuteteza kumatenda.

Mulch amateteza zipatso zosasulidwa kuzizira

Kenako muyenera kupatsa ma sitiroberi malo oti tisunge chisanu ndi kupulumutsa ku chisanu. Zinthu zotere ndizoyenererana:

• udzu
• masamba owuma
• lapnik,
• peat
• Zomera zazikulu (chimanga, mpendadzuwa),
• utuchi.

Zosanjikiza ziyenera kupitirira 5 cm. Ndi isanayambike masika, muyenera kuchotsa mulch wakale m'mundamo.

Kanema: njira zokulira mabedi

Kubzala masamba a mabulosi ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza. Ngati mungayendere bwino ku mwambowu ndikutsatira malangizowo, muthanso kukolola zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Chonde gawani nafe ndemanga zomwe mwakumana nazo zobzala sitiroberi mu kugwa kapena kufunsa mafunso pankhaniyi. Zabwino zonse komanso kukolola bwino!