Kodi mukudziwa kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo zikwi khumi zolembedwera padziko lapansi?
Mbali yaing'ono ya iwo yokhwima mu chikhalidwe cha Russian ndi kufunikira pakati pa wamaluwa.
Lero tikufuna kukuwuzani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo, omwe amatchedwa Asterisk.
Ndikofunika kwa kukoma, kusinthasintha komanso kusamalidwa mosavuta. Asterisk ndi chithunzi cha Apple - kenako pamutu.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Asterisk akutanthauza kwa nyengo yozizira mitundu ya maapulo.
Zomera zachisanu ndi zosiyana nthawi yosungirako.
Pakati pa mitundu yachisanu mitundu yotereyi imadziwika komanso yotchuka: Orlovsky Sinap, Antonovka vulgaris, Aport, Jonagold ndi Lobo.
Muzochitika za zipatso zosungirako zikhoza kunama mpaka pakati pa chisanu, ndipo nthawizina mpaka kumayambiriro kwa March.
Zokolola ziyenera kukhala popanda kuyembekezera kuti zipatso zigwe ndi kusiya Zipatso zakucha kwa masabata 3-4 musanagwiritse ntchito.
Mu njira yathu tisonkhanitseni kumayambiriro mpaka pakati pa september, kum'mwera madera, zipatso zakucha zingakhale pang'ono kale.
Zapangidwe zosavuta, zochepa zamatabwa zabwino kwambiri kuti zisungidwe. Mabokosi akulimbikitsidwa kuti azitsuka bwino, kutsukidwa ndi zouma.
Maapulo ndi abwino kuika limodzi limodzi. Kotero iwo azigona mochedwa. Ngati mbali zonsezi zili pamwamba, mukhoza kuika zambiri, koma osapitirira 3-4 zidutswa pamwamba.
Mufiriji, nthawi zoikapo zachepa. Kutentha kwasungirako kuyenera kukhala madigiri 0-2. Mukhoza kuyika zokolola mu chipinda chozizizira.
Kuwongolera
Popeza kuti asterisk ndi mtengo wa apulo wa mitundu yozizira, Mitengo ya Apple ya mitundu yofanana imabzalidwa pafupi nayo: Antonovka, Ladoga, Belarusian Khungu, Zhigulevskoe, Bogatyr ndi ena.
Zosiyanasiyana zofotokozera Zvezdochka
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo wa apulo ndi chipatso chake.
Pa mtengo wawung'ono korona wandiweyani, wozungulira mawonekedwe. Ndili ndi zaka, zimakhala zambiri kuthamanga ndi kupukuta.
Ndi zaka 15-20 zakale apulo mtengo asterisk akhoza kufika mamita asanu ndi theka m'litalindi korona mpaka mamita asanu ndi limodzi m'mimba mwake.
Nthambizi ndizitali, zigoba, kufalikira, nthambi zing'onozing'ono zochepa. Mphukirayi ndi yopapuka, yayitali, ya pubescent, yofiira ndi mtundu wofiira.
Masamba ndi ovunda, obiriwira otentha, osasunthika pamphepete, mapepala ofupika.
Maapulo kukula pakati, kulemera kwa magalamu 80 ndi 130, zipatso zina zimafika Makilogalamu 160-180.
Fomuyo ndi yopanda malire ndi nthiti zooneka zochepa. Pamwamba ndi yosalala ndi zokuta. Tsinde ndi lochepa.
Mtundu wa maapulo ndi wobiriwira wonyezimira ndi maonekedwe ofiira ofiira pafupifupi pafupifupi mtundu wonse wa chipatso. Mnofu ndi wowometsera, wobiriwira wobiriwira, nthawi zina ndi wofiira wofiira pafupi ndi khungu.
The asterisk amatanthauza mitundu ya mchere. Lili ndi kukoma kokoma kokoma. Zipatso zake zimagulitsidwa bwino, chifukwa cha kupanga kuphika kunyumba, kupanikizana, zoteteza.
Mitengo yambiri ya apulo ingadzitamande kwambiri: Orlovsky mpainiya, Orlinka, Aromatny, Molodezhny ndi Ekranny.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo Asterisk inagulidwa chifukwa cha ntchito yaitali ya Russian breeder Chernenko S.F.
Nyenyezi inatha kufika pochoka Anise ndi Pepinkoy Lithuanian.
Ntchitoyi inachitika kwa zaka zingapo ku Michurinsky Scientific Research Institute ya Genetics and Selection of Fruit Plants.
Chernenko dzanja ndilo ndi Rennet Chernenko, July Chernenko, Kandil Orlovsky.
Malo obadwira ndi kufalitsa
Malo ovomerezeka a malo omwe adasankhidwa Madera akumidzi a Russia: North-Western mbali, Central, Middle Volga, Volko-Vyatskaya.
Kumadera akum'mwera, kusintha kwa ma apulo sikuli koipa. Kummwera kumpoto, kumene nyengo imakhala yaitali ndi frosty, sizodandaula kukulamonga kalasi sizimasiyana ndi kutentha kwa chisanu.
Mitundu yotsatira ya apulo ndi yoyenera kubzala m'madera awa: Kalvil chisanu, Cinnamon New, Uspenskoye, Pepin Saffron ndi Young Naturalist.
Pereka
Mtengo umayamba kubereka zipatso 5-6 patapita zaka zotsitsa. Chodabwitsa, mbande wamkulu pa amamera rootstocks Bweretsani zipatso zoyamba zaka 1-2 m'mbuyo mwake.
Zokolola zikhoza kusintha chaka chilichonse. Pafupifupi akhoza kusonkhanitsa kuchokera 50 mpaka 100 makilogalamu a maapulo kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi.
Imodzi mwa zovuta za zosiyanasiyana ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa zipatso ndi kuchepa mukulankhula ndi msinkhu. Amafuna nthawi zonse kudula.
Ngati mukufuna zosiyana ndi zokolola zakutali, samverani: Welsey, Sunny, Ural ambiri, Lobo ndi Isetsky mochedwa.
Kusamalira mtengo wa apulo sikovuta. Ngakhale woyang'anira minda yamalonda akhoza kukula mtengo. Chinthu chachikulu - kutsatira mfundo zoyenerera zoyenera.
Kupita kufunikira Osati mapeto a April kapena kuyamba kwa Maypamene chisanu chimasungunuka, usiku chisanu chidzatha, ndipo kutentha masana kudzatentha nthaka.
Ndi bwino kuti musabzala nyenyezi mu kugwa, monga apulo zosiyanasiyana Asterisk salola mphepo yozizira ndi chisanu.
Mtengo uyenera kumera mizu isanayambe.
Apple amafunikira kuyatsa bwino, kotero kubzala ndibwino. kumalo akutsekemera a kumwera, kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa malowo.
Malo oti mubzala ayenera kusamalira ndi kumasula pansi. Sapling inabzalidwa mozama dzenje lalikulu (pafupifupi 40 ndi 40 cm).
Manyowa (peat, phulusa), pangani phulusa la nthaka pakatikati mwa dzenje ndikuyika mmera bwino, kuwongolera mizu yake.
Kenaka ife timabisa nthaka ndipo timapondaponda. Muzu wa khosi uyenera kukhala 6-7 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka Mtengo wa apulo ndi wabwino kwambiri kubzala limodzi.
Alimi ena samagwirizanitsa kufunikira kwa mbande ndi kusamalira iwo asanadzalemo.
Palibe njira musafupikitse mizu mtengo wa apulo, koma gwirani choyamba kudulira kudulira akhoza ngakhale asanalowe pansi.
Kuthirira mtengo wa apulo kumafunika kuchepetsedwa. Iye silingalole chinyezi chowonjezera. Pafupi ndi mtengo akulimbikitsidwa Pangani phokoso chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi. Koma, mkati Kuthira kwa nyengo kotentha kumalimbikitsidwa kuwonjezeka.
Dziko likufunikira namsongole ndi kumasula. Mvula yamvula, kumasula nthaka ndikofunikira kupuma kwa mizu, ndipo nyengo yotentha ingakhale yopindulitsa pa gawo labwino la chinyezi m'nthaka.
Kuvala pamwamba kumabweretsa kumapeto kwa nyengo. Choyamba pakufika. Zingakhale peat ndi phulusa kapena feteleza aliwonse monga mtundu wa humus, humus wa mahatchi.
Kupaka kwapamwamba kumachitika pamtunda wa 5-10 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi. Mu kugwa mungathe kudyetsa zovuta feteleza nitrogen kwaulere. Ndikofunikira kuti tidziwitse ubwino wa nthaka.
Ngati dothi lili lachonde, mtengo wa apulo sumasowa kudyetsa. Kuwonjezera kwa mchere kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa, komanso kusokoneza.
Asterisk onetsetsani kudula. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuonjezera zokolola, kuteteza matenda, komanso kusunga makhalidwe okongoletsa a mtengo.
Kuika korona bwino, mutabzala korona kudula ku 1/3. Kudulira kumachitika chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa masamba oyambirira.
Kuligwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kwa autumn sikutheka. Masamba akale, zouma ndi nthambi zimachotsedwanso.
Sakani sizimasiyana mu chisanu chotsutsa. Choncho, pamaso pa isanayambike ozizira nyengo nyengo onetsetsani kuti mukugwedeza nthaka.
Monga mulch woyenera udzu, peat, makungwa kapena utuchi. Mulch ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi wakuda wosanjikiza. Pofuna kuteteza mbande zazing'ono ndikusunga makungwa kuchokera ku makoswe, malo ena okhala ndi matabwa.
Penyani kanema pa momwe mungakonzekerere mchenga wachinyamata.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala chitetezo chabwino cha matenda osiyanasiyanasizimakhudza kawirikawiri nkhanambo
Ngati izi zichitika, mtengowu umachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala a kasupe. Chorus (1 ampoule pa 10 malita a madzi) pamaso maluwa ndi pambuyo pake.
Nthawi zina zipatso zimakhudzidwa. zowola Pankhaniyi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Fundazole (40 magalamu pa 10 malita a madzi) kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito.
Ngati pali zizindikiro zowononga maluwa, masamba ndi mphukira powdery mildew, chithandizo chikuchitika Topaz (ampoule pa 10 malita a madzi).
Musaiwale kuchita zinthu zowononga zowononga tizilombo tozala, monga njenjete, njuchi, zipatso zamtengo wapatali, hawthorn ndi silkworm. Kodi ndi zochitika zotani zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwambiri m'nkhani zosiyana pa tsamba lathu.
Asterisk ndi maapulo osiyanasiyana omwe amafunidwa mu mzere wathu. Zopindulitsa zake zazikulu ndi izi: chabwino kukoma, zosavuta kulima ndi kusamalira, zabwino zokolola, amphamvu chitetezo chokwanira matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Zina mwa zofooka zomwe tiyenera kuzindikira zofooka chisanu kukana ndi kufunika kokhala kudulira nthawi zonse. Ngati mukufuna kukula ndi asterisk, onetsetsani kuti muzisamalira malangizowo kuti muteteze makhalidwe okongoletsa ndi zokolola zabwino.
