Wokondedwa ndi alimi ambiri, mphesa zimakhala kale mitundu yambiri, komabe, obereketsa padziko lonse lapansi akupitilizabe kupanga mitundu yatsopano pokhulupirira kuti angapeze mbewu zokoma ndi zipatso zambiri. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika bwino pantchito yoswana ndi Veles wa ku Ukraine wosakanizidwa, kuphatikiza chikondi cha zoumba ndi fungo la nati.
Mbiri ya kulima mphesa ku Veles
Mphesa zosapsa zamtundu wa Veles zinaonekera chifukwa cha kuyeseza kwa Amateur obereketsa V.V. Zagorulko (Zaporozhye). "Makolo" a haibridi ndi mitundu ya Rusbol ndi Sofia.
Zosiyanasiyana zidakali zochepa kwambiri - wolemba adayamba kuzigulitsa kwa okonda ena mu Okutobala 2009. Watsopano wosakanizidwa sanatchulidwepo m'kaundula waboma, chifukwa chake zimatha kupezeka pazofotokozedwa ndi wolemba ndikuwunika kuchokera kwa amateur winegrowers.
Mu 2010, msewu wa Veles unaikidwira Mpikisano wa Golden Grapes International (Simferopol) ndipo unalandira mendulo ziwiri zagolide nthawi imodzi.
Pakadali pano, Veles imalimidwa ndi omwe amapanga vinyo ku Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia.
Kukula mphesa za Veles ku Belarus - kanema
Kufotokozera kosiyanasiyana Veles
Veles ndi wosakanizidwa yodziwika ndi nthawi yoyambirira kwambiri yakucha (mbewuyo imapsa patatha masiku 95-100 itatha nthawi yomera). Mipesa imamera mwachangu kwambiri komanso kukhwima bwino (pafupifupi kutalika konse).
Maluwa omwe amapangidwa pamtambo wophukira amakhala bisexual (ali ndi zonunkhira komanso mapisito). Ngakhale atha kudzipukuta nokha, kupukutanso kowonjezereka kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mukulitse zokolola (kuchulukitsa kwa zokolola kungakhale mpaka 20%).
Masitepe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pamtunda wazipatso, zomwe zimatha kutulutsa nthawi yachiwiri yokolola mu Okutobala nyengo yabwino.
Masango okhala ngati nthambi zama cylindrical kapena ma cylindrical amasangalatsidwa ndi kukula kwake (kulemera kumatha kufika 2 kg, kutalika kolembedwa - 3 kg). Kapangidwe ka masango ndi kotakasuka kapena pakati. Zipatso zooneka ngati zotupa zimakutidwa ndi khungu la pinki ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 4.5-5 g.
Peel imakhala ndi makulidwe wamba, koma samamveka pakudya. Amkaka wamkati ndi wandiweyani, wokhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri la muscat. Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi imakhala yopanda mbewu, zoyambira za njere nthawi zina zimapangidwa mu zipatso, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumatengera nyengo. Zakudya zina zimakhala zofewa ndipo sizisokoneza kudya zipatso.
Kufotokozera kwa mphesa ya Veles - kanema
Makhalidwe Osiyanasiyana
Hybrid Veles ali ndi zabwino zingapo:
- zokolola zambiri (6-7 kg kuchokera ku tchire 1);
- kukoma kosazolowereka ndi mawonekedwe okongola a zipatso;
- kukana kwambiri matenda oyamba ndi fungal (mwachitsanzo, khosi ndi oidimum);
- kayendedwe kabwino;
- kusungidwa bwino kwazipatso pachisamba (nyengo yadzuwa, maburashi mwachilengedwe amasandulika kukhala zoumba ndikukhala pa mpesa mpaka miyezi 1.5.
Zoyipa:
- pafupifupi kutentha kwa chisanu (kumalekerera kutsika kwa -1 ° C) - m'malo ozizira pamafunika pogona nyengo yachisanu;
- zipatso zimatha kuwola ndi kuvunda m'malo otentha.
Kubzala ndi kukula mphesa Veles
Kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zazitali za Veles zikuluzikulu, kubzala moyenera komanso chisamaliro chofunikira ndikofunikira.
Kubzala mphesa
Zophatikiza Zophatikiza ndi Zopanda Zophatikiza ndizobera ndipo zimakula bwino mwanjira iliyonse kupatula kufesa mbewu. Ndikwabwino kubzala ndi kubzala mphesa nthawi yachilimwe (mu Marichi-Meyi, kutengera nyengo yam'deralo) - ikadzayamba nthawi yozizira izikhala ndi nthawi yolimba. Mwachangu, chitsamba chatsopano chimayamba kubereka zipatso mutemera katemera wakale. Chifukwa cha izi, odulidwa okhwima ndi maso a 2 amasankhidwa pasadakhale (nthawi yophukira), gawolo limathandizidwa, kukulidwa ndi polyethylene ndikusungidwa mufiriji mpaka masika.
Chapakatikati, chitsamba cha mphesa chimadulidwa, kusiya chitsa chochepa ndi malo osalala, osalala. Zodulidwa, zomwe kale zimakokedwa ndi mphero ndikunyowa m'madzi, zimayikidwa mosamala ndikugawanika komwe kumapangidwa mwamphamvu pakati pa chitsa, limbitsani tsamba lamtengowo ndi nsalu mikwingwirima ndikufinya dongo.
Kwa omwe akuopa kapena safuna kuti atemera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodzala mbande. Kuti muchite izi, konzani zodulidwa zathanzi ndi masamba 4-5 ndipo mkatikati mwa February muziyika m'madzi kapena muzibzalani m'nthaka yonyowa, kuti pofika nthawi yodzala zidutswazo zizutse.
Ndikofunikira kubzala mphesa za Veles m'nthaka yopanda bwino yomwe imapezeka kuti ikhale chinyezi, koposa zonse - ku chernozem. Madera okhala ndi chinyezi komanso dothi louma la mphesa ndiosayenera. Tsambalo liyenera kutenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa.
Popeza tchire la Veles ndi lalikulu kwambiri, amafunikira danga lambiri kuti likule bwino. Mtunda pakati pa tchire loyandikana nawo uyenera kukhala osachepera 1.5-2 m, ndi 3-4 mamita kuchokera kumitengo ndi nyumba.
Dzenjelo limakonzedwa masabata awiri 2-3 asanabzalidwe (kuya ndi mita 0.8). Dothi losakanikirana ndi feteleza wa humus ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu limatsanulidwa pansi pake, lomwe limakutidwa ndi dothi lapansi loyera (3-4 cm). Asanabzale, mbande za mphesa zimviikidwa mu chopatsira chokulitsa (mwachitsanzo, Humate at a 0.5 mg / l).
Mukabzala, muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti muchepetse mizu yosalimba (yomwe imadziwika ndi mtundu woyera). Mizu yake imakutidwa bwino ndi dothi, yowumbika, kuthiriridwa ndi zidebe ziwiri za madzi ndi kuyikika ndi utuchi.
Kubzala mphesa pavidiyo
Kusamalira mphesa
Veles Wophatikiza amafunikira chisamaliro chofanana ndi mitundu ina ya mphesa.
Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa chitsamba cha mphesa iyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, kotero kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, osatinso nthawi zambiri. Kufunika kwa chinyezi kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri panthawi yamasamba akutulutsa masamba, maluwa ndi kupanga maburashi, komanso mutakolola.
Mukathirira mphesa, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kusinthasintha: kuthirira kwamadzi kumayambitsa kusweka ndi kuwola kwa zipatso.
Kuti tisunge chinyontho m'nthaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba dothi loyandikana nalo lansanjika ndi mulch (3-4 cm) kuchokera ku udzu, utuchi kapena peat. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito humus, pomwe mulch imakhala feteleza nthawi yomweyo.
Kusintha Kwa Mphesa - Video
Kapangidwe ka chitsamba cha Veles nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi fanizo m'mikono 4. Fomuyi imathandizidwa ndi kudulira mwachizolowezi masika ndi yophukira. Mu kasupe, ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira kwapakatikati, ndikusiya maso a 6-8 pa mpesa uliwonse, kotero kuti katundu pachitsamba ndi 25 25 maso (pazotheka 35). Veles amatha kwambiri kupanga ma stepons. Pakati panjira, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwatulutse. Kumagawo akum'mwera, kumapeto kwa mizere kumatsalira, chifukwa masango amapangidwanso pa iwo. Mu nyengo yotentha yophukira, amakhala ndi nthawi yakucha pofika pakati pa Okutobala, ngakhale, zowonadi, zipatso zachiwiri zimakhala zazing'ono komanso acidic kuposa zoyamba.
Zothandizira mphesa nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa mwanjira ya trellises, ngakhale zosankha zina ndizotheka (othandizira amodzi, zipilala).
Zothandizira mphesa - chithunzi
- Double trellis imakulolani kuti mupange mbewu zokulirapo, popeza kuchuluka kwa malaya pachitsamba kumakulirakulira
- Kupangidwe kwa mphesa pa chipilalachi kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga ma shark otetezeka komanso oyenda bwino
- Single trellis - mtundu wosavuta kwambiri komanso wotchuka wa chithandizo
Mukugwa, chitsamba cha mpesa chimadulidwa, kuchotsa mbali zosapsa za mpesa ndi mphukira zowonjezera.
M'madera ozizira, mphesa zimafunikira pogona nyengo yozizira, popeza sizimalola chisanu m'munsi -21 ° C. Mphesa zomwe zimamangidwa m'matcheni zimayikidwa pansi ndikumangidwa ndi udzu, mapesi owuma a chimanga, ndi polyethylene.
Mphesa zimayankha bwino umuna. Ngati organic ikhoza kuyikidwa mu mawonekedwe a mulching wosanjikiza, ndiye feteleza wa mchere ayenera kuperekedwa limodzi ndi madzi othirira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, komanso kuyambitsa kwa zinthu zina - chitsulo, zinki, boron.
Ngati mupereka feteleza ku mphesa musanafike maluwa, ndiye kuti sizibweretsa phindu, koma mupitiliza kumanga zobiriwira zambiri.
Veles imakhala ndi kukana kwapakati kuti igonjetsedwe ndi mabodza abodza ndi powdery (mildew ndi oidium). Zimatsatira kuchokera pamalongosoledwe ndi wolemba kuti kukana kwa Veles ku matendawa kukuyerekezedwa ndi 3,3. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuchita mankhwala othandizira omwe ali ndi ma fungicides (osakaniza a Bordeaux, sulufule wa colloidal).
Mphesa zikacha m'mawa, nthawi zambiri zimagwidwa ndi mavu. Kuti muthane nawo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yomwe ili ndi yankho la uchi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kapena mangani burashi iliyonse ndi thumba kapena thumba la nsalu. Njira yotsatirayi ikuthandizira kupulumutsa zipatso kwa mbalame.
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Mutha kuyamba kukolola Veles kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti (nthawi zina kumapeto kwa Julayi). Kumagawo akum'mwera komwe kumatentha kwambiri, mutha kudikirira kukolola kwachiwiri (mu Okutobala). Zowona, zipatso zachiwiri zokolola ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizokoma.
Mabulo amagwiritsitsa mipesa mwamphamvu, chifukwa iyenera kudulidwa, osadulidwamo.
Chikopa chamaso ndi khungu lakuthwa zimapangitsa Veles Berries kugonjetsedwa ndi mayendedwe. Komabe, kuti muchepetse kuvulaza mbewu, muyenera kupaka mabulashi m'mabokosi osaya.
Mutha kusungira mphesa zomwe mwakolola pafupifupi miyezi itatu m'chipinda chozizira. Ndikwabwino kupachika maburashi kumapasa omwe amapindidwa m'chipindacho.
Zipatso zam'mlengalenga zimakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri ndipo zimapangidwira kuti ziziwedwa mwatsopano. Muthanso kupanga zoumba zodabwitsa, zoteteza, compote kapena vinyo.
Ndemanga za omwe amapanga vinyo
Veles ikukula ndipo ine, monga Irina Ivanovna molondola, mawonekedwe awa amafunikira chithandizo chowonjezera kuchokera kuzungulira Sinthani. Ndikufunanso kudziwa kuti masango ndi akulu kwambiri, kufikira ma kilogalamu 3-4, ngati mutadula theka la gulu kutalika kapena kusiya mapiko ochepa mbali mukangotuluka, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kochepa ndikucha zipatsozo kudzakhala. Chifukwa chake musathamangire zojambulidwa, apo ayi mutha kutaya mbewu yanu.
Andrey Kurmaz//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=191.0
Ndazindikira kuti lotentha chilimwe, kukulira kwa Veles. Chilimwe chatha kudakhala kotentha, kotero lingalirani zoyambira zomwe sizinali. Zikuwoneka kuti kumpoto mawonekedwe awa amawonekera kuchokera kumbali yabwino kwambiri, makamaka ndi zoumba zokhala ndi natimeg ndipo palibenso tsiku loyambirira.
Evgeny Polyanin//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=191.0
Ngati sindili kulakwitsa, Veles adalandira mendulo yagolide pa mpikisano "Gulu la mphesa lagolide" ku Simferopol. (Kugwirizana kwathunthu kwamakomedwe ndi malingaliro a anthu olamula anthu komanso akatswiri)
Svetlana//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2299
K-sh Veles adabzala ndi mmera mu 2010 M'chaka chachiwiri adapatsa mbewu yoyamba ya chizindikiro. Mwa magulu 4, ndidachoka 3. Ndidagwiritsa ntchito imodzi 1 gibberelin 1 nthawi (ndidakonza mphatso Zaporozhy ndimadzi 30 mg pa lita). Magulu awiri omwe sanapangidwe anali akulu, mpaka 1 kg. Zipatsozo zinali zazing'ono kukula kwake, chokoma kwambiri, ndi natimeg. Zoyambira zinali, koma zinali zofewa ndipo pafupifupi sizinkamveka pakudya zipatso. Ndipo pagulu lomwe ndidakonzamo nthawi 1, zipatsozo zinali zokulirapo, ndipo kunalibe zoyamba konse.
Anatoly Savran//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2299
Veles imabweretsa chisangalalo chamaluwa ndi kukoma kwake kosangalatsa komanso zipatso zambiri. Zomera sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera, muyenera kungophimba nthawi yozizira ndikuteteza mbewu ku mavu.