Aronia ndi chipatso chamtengo wapatali ndi chomera chamankhwala. Ndi wa banja la Rosaceae ndipo ndiofala ku North America. M'dziko lathu, amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imadziwika kuti "chokeberry" amadziwika. Ngakhale masango a zipatso amawoneka ngati phulusa la kumapiri, chokeberry alibe kanthu ndi mbewuyi, zomwe siziletsa kutchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Mtengo wowongoka kapena chitsamba chokulirapo chidzakongoletsa bwino mundawo, ndipo kugwa kudzakondwera ndi masamba owala ofiira. Nthawi yomweyo, chomera chimasamalira thanzi la mwini ndikuwakwaniritsa ndi zipatso zokoma.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Aronia ndi mbewu yosatha komanso yopanda phokoso. Zimatenga mawonekedwe a mtengo kapena chitsamba chofalikira. Kutalika kwa chomera chachikulu kumafika mpaka 3 m ndipo m'lifupi mwake mamita 2. Thunthu ndi nthambi zake zimakutidwa ndi makungwa osalala. Zomera zazing'ono, zimakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira, ndipo ndi ukalamba zimayamba imvi.
Nthambi zimakutidwa ndi masamba okhazikika a mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi mbali zamtawuni ndikuwonekera. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi 4-8 masentimita ndipo m'lifupi ndi masentimita 3-5. Msempha wapakati ndi nthambi zammbali umawoneka pamwamba pa pepala lofiirira. Kumbuyo kuli kufewa kwa siliva. Masamba ake ndi amtundu wakuda wobiriwira, ndipo pofika pakati pa Seputembala, ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, masamba amasanduka ofiira. Izi zimapatsa mundawo chithumwa chapadera.
Duwa la chokeberry limayamba mu Meyi, masamba ataphuka. Ma corollas ang'onoang'ono, ofanana ndi maluwa apulosi, amapezeka mu dense corymbose inflorescence mpaka 6 cm. Duwa lirilonse lamitundu iwiri lokhala ndi ma peals aulere 5 lili ndi mndandanda wautali wautali wokhala ndi ma anthers okhuthala ndipo umangokhala pansi pa chisokonezo cha m'mimba. Kutulutsa kwamaluwa kumatenga milungu 1.5-2, ndipo pofika mwezi wa Ogasiti, zipatso zimayamba kupsa - ozungulira kapena kupereka zipatso ndi khungu lakuda kapena lofiira. Kutalika kwa zipatsozo ndi masentimita 6-8.Kuwoneka pang'ono pang'ono kapena pang'ono.
Kukolola kumayamba mu Okutobala, makamaka pambuyo pa chisanu woyamba. Amadyanso ndipo amakhala ndi tart pang'ono, okoma komanso wowawasa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka
Poyamba, mitundu iwiri yokha yazomera idaphatikizidwa mu mtundu wa chokeberry, pakupita nthawi, mitundu iwiri iwiri yophatikiza inawonjezedwa kwa iwo.
Chokeberry Aronia. Chomera chochokera kum'mawa kwa North America ndichotchuka kwambiri. Ndi mtengo waufupi, wokhala ndi mitengo yambiri, wokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima. Pakumera kwa masika, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro ndimaluwa onunkhira bwino. Pambuyo popukutira, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, zipatso zakuda zakuda zimapsa, zolemera 1. g Muli michere yambiri yomwe imakhala ndi phindu m'thupi la munthu. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Viking - owongoka akuwombera kumapeto, atakutidwa ndi masamba owala amtundu wakuda wobiriwira ndi zipatso zofiirira zakuda;
- Nero ndi chomera chomwe chimakonda chisanu oundana chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima komanso zipatso zazikulu zokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso zinthu zina;
- Khugin - chitsamba chotalika mpaka mamita 2 chimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amdima, omwe pakugwa amakhala ofiira owala, zipatso zakuda zowoneka bwino pakati pa masamba.
Chokoleti ndi chofiira. Chitsamba chokhala ndi mphukira yowongoka chimatha kufika kutalika kwa 2-4 m. Masamba osalaza omwe ali ndi mtunda wautali, wakuthwa amakula pamwamba pake. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi masentimita 5-8.Mwezi wa Meyi, corymbose inflorescence amawoneka ndi masamba ochepa apinki kapena oyera mpaka 1 cm. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, zipatso zofiira zam'mimba zomwe zimakhala ndi masentimita 0.4-1.zigwera nyengo yonse yachisanu.
Aronia Michurin. Zotsatira za ntchito ya wasayansi wotchuka E.V. Michurin, yemwe kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX. pamaziko a chokeberry, adabzala wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri ndi zipatso. Maluwa amakhala ndi timadzi tambiri tambiri ndipo amachititsa kuti azioneka ngati chomera cha uchi. Zipatso zimakhala ndi michere yambiri (mavitamini ndi michere). Maluwa amayamba patatha milungu ingapo. Kucha kwa Berry kumatha kuyambira Seputembu mpaka kuyamba kwa chisanu. Kuyambira chomera chimodzi kusonkhanitsa mpaka 10 makilogalamu a zokolola za zipatso zazikulu kwambiri komanso zowawasa. Chomera chimakonda malo okhala ndi dzuwa ndi dothi lotayirira, lopanda madzi.
Kubala zinsinsi
Njira iliyonse yodziwika ndiyoyenera kufalitsa chokeberry, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kufesa kapena kubzala mizu ya kudula kubiriwira. Mbeu za Chokeberry zimakololedwa ku zipatso zamphesa bwino. Amawaza ndi sume ndikutsukidwa bwino. Mochedwa kugwa. Mbewu zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga wamchere wamchere, wothira ndikuyika m'thumba. Amayikidwa kwa miyezi itatu mu chidebe cha masamba mufiriji. Chapakatikati, nthaka ikayamba kutentha, mbewu zimafesedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuti muchite izi, konzani mabowo akuya masentimita 7-8. Mbewu zosokedwa kale zimayikidwamo.
Mbewu zikakula masamba 2 enieni, zimadulira kuti mtunda ukhale wa 3 cm. Kuphanso kumachitika pomwe mbewuzo zimakhala ndi masamba 4-5. Mtunda umakulitsidwa mpaka masentimita 6. Mpaka kasupe wotsatira, mbande zimamera pamalo amodzi. Amakhala amathiramo madzi ndi mabedi ogulitsa nthawi zonse. Kuchepera komaliza kumachitika mu Epulo-Meyi chaka chotsatira, kuti mtunda ndi 10 cm.
Kwa odulidwa, mphukira wobiriwira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15. Masamba otsika amawadula, ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a tsamba limatsalira pamwambawo. Pamaso pa khungubwi pamwamba pa impso iliyonse ndi zingapo m'munsi mwa zodulidwazo, amacheka. Spig imamizidwa kwa maola angapo munjira ya Kornevin, kenako ndikuwoka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Nthaka imapangidwa ndi dimba lam'munda, pomwe mchenga wamtunda umatsanuliridwa. Zodulidwa zimakutidwa ndi filimu, zimazika mizu pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C kwa masabata 3-4. Pambuyo pake, pogona imayamba kuchotsedwa kwa maola angapo patsiku, ndipo patatha masiku 7-12 imachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Komanso chokeberry amatha kufalitsa ndikugawa, kugawa chitsamba, Ankalumikiza ndi mphukira zoyambira. Nthawi yabwino yolowera ndi masika.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Kubzala chokeberry, komanso mitengo ina yazipatso, akukonzekera nyengo yophukira. Chitani izi patsiku lamitambo kapena madzulo. Chomera sichimakula. Imakula bwino m mchenga komanso padzuwa, pamiyeso yamchenga, loam ndi nthaka yamiyala. Aaronas ndi oyenera dothi losauka komanso lachonde lopanda acidic kapena losalowerera nawo. Kupezeka kwamadzi pang'onopang'ono sikungakhale vuto kwa chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba. Dothi la saline lokha ndi lomwe silingafanane ndi mbewu.
Mukabzala chomera, ndikofunikira kukumba dzenje lakuya pafupifupi mamita 0.5. Chidutswa chamadzimadzi chimathiridwa pansi, ndipo danga pakati pa mizu limadzazidwa ndi dothi losakanizika ndi humus, superphosphate ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Ngati mizu yake ndi youma kwambiri pa mayendedwe, chomera chimamizidwa kwa maola angapo mu beseni ndi madzi. Pambuyo rhizome amathandizidwa ndi dongo phala.
Poyamba, khosi la mizu limayikidwa 1.5-2 cm pamwamba pamtunda, kuti dothi likagwera, limakhala ndi pamwamba. Kenako mbande zimathiriridwa ndikukazungunula dothi. Dothi limakhazikika ndi udzu, peat kapena humus kutalika kwa 5-10 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mbeu uyenera kukhala osachepera 2. mita Mukabzala, mphukira zimafupikitsidwa ndi masentimita angapo kuti masamba 4-5 okha azitsalira pa nthambi iliyonse.
Kusamalira chokeberry sikufunika. Komabe, chinyezi ndi kuthirira ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iye. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pakayendedwe kamaluwa ndi zipatso. Pakalibe mvula, zidebe ziwiri za madzi zimathiridwa pansi pa chomera chilichonse. Siyenera kuthirira tchire kokha, komanso nthawi zina utsi wa korona.
Ngati chokeberry chikula panthaka yachonde, feteleza umodzi wam'madzi pachaka ndikokwanira kwake. Gwiritsani ntchito ammonium nitrate ufa, womwe umabalalika pansi musanaze kuthirira. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa owola, superphosphate, zitosi za mbalame, phulusa kapena kompositi. Kangapo pamnyengo, masula dothi ndikuchotsa namsongole pamizu.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika ndipo mphukira zowuma zimachotsedwa, ndipo zimachitidwanso kolona. Zikamakula, mphukira zapansi zimawonongeka kuti korona wake sindiwochuluka. Mukugwa, kudulira kukalamba kumachitika. Popeza nthambi zakubadwa zosaposa zaka 8 pafupifupi sizimapereka zokolola, zimadulidwa pansi, ndikusiyanso mphukira yaying'ono. 2-3 nthambi zotere zimasinthidwa mchaka chimodzi.
Chipondacho chimakutidwa bwino ndi utoto wa laimu. Muyenera kuwunika bwino lomwe mbewuyo ndikuwapanikiza mosakhalitsa ngati tizilombo. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, masamba asanachitike. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi a Bordeaux. Kukonzanso kumachitika masamba atagwa. Ngati nthawi yachilimwe, majeremusi amasuntha kuchoka ku chomera china kupita ku chokeberry, mitengo imathira mankhwala ndi kachilombo komwe kali. Nthawi zambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba, njenjete za m'mapiri, nthata za phulusa, ndi nthata za sitthberry zimakhala.
Matenda amakhudza mbewu zomwe zimakwinitsidwa. Imatha kukhala dzimbiri, bakiteriya necrosis, ma virus owoneka. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikawoneka, amathandizidwa ndi "Haupsin", "Gamair" kapena mankhwala ena amakono.
Zothandiza katundu
Zipatso za Aronia zili ndi zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:
- mavitamini;
- njira;
- sucrose;
- flavonoids;
- katekisima;
- kufufuza zinthu;
- pectins.
Zipatso za chokeberi zimasonkhanitsidwa, kutsukidwa kwa nthambi ndi masamba, kenako ndikuuma, kupanikizana kumakonzedwa, kuzizira, kukakamizidwa mowa. Kuchokera kwa iwo mutha kuphika decoction, kupeza juwisi ngakhale kupanga vinyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito izi ndikulimbikitsidwa kupewa ndi kuwongolera matenda awa:
- atherosulinosis;
- matenda oopsa
- fragility yamitsempha yamagazi;
- capillarotoxicosis;
- malungo ofiira;
- chikanga
- chikuku
- matenda a shuga;
- matenda a chithokomiro.
Zipatso ndimathandizanso okodzetsa, choleretic, tonic. Amalimbitsa mokwanira chitetezo cha mthupi, zimathandizira kuti muchepetse poizoni, zitsulo zolemera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Mchere watsopano umathandizira kuchiritsa mabala ndikuchepetsa kuyaka pakhungu.
Ngakhale chogulitsa choterechi chili ndi contraindication. Chokeberry sichikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu odwala matenda oopsa, angina pectoris, thrombosis, gastritis, ndi duodenal zilonda.
