Amitundu (Amitunduna) - Mitengo yambirimbiri, yomwe imachititsa mtundu wa maluwa awo aakulu. Mitundu yambiri ya gentian ingadabwe ngakhale wamaluwa wamaluwa. Amitundu ndi gulu la zomera za pachaka ndi zosatha za banja la gentian. Mitundu pafupifupi 400 ya chomera ichi imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Dziko la mitundu yambiri ndi Asia. Amitundu amapezeka m'mayiko onse kupatula Antarctica ndi Africa. Mitundu yoposa 90 imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chikhalidwe. M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira za mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya gentian ndi awo tsatanetsatane wafotokozedwa
Mitundu ya gentian ya pachaka
Mitundu ya pachaka ya gentian ndi zomera zodabwitsa kwambiri. Oimira abwino kwambiri ndi gentian bearded ndi gentian splayed. Komabe, chaka chimodzi cha gentian m'munda wamakono sizodziwika.
Bearded
Bearded Gentian ndi chomera chamadzimadzi pachaka. Zimayambira bwino, 6-60 cm masentimita, ndi mizu yochepa yomwe imakhala ngati ndevu. Maluwa aakulu "bluebells" a blue-violet. Chomeracho chimamasula mu July - August. Amakula m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa mathithi.
Mbali zam'mlengalenga za masamba (masamba ndi maluwa) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala cha Tibet. Mankhwala ochiritsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popupa chiwindi, nthata, kuchiza matenda a biliary, mavuto a chibayo, kuperewera kwamimba, matenda a m'mimba, komanso matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana.
Maluwa a bearded gentian ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za mankhwala ovuta, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuula, matenda a atherosclerosis, matenda a mitsempha yotchedwa mantha, tachycardia, chibayo, matenda a rheumatic, gout. Kugwira ntchito kwa decoction kapena kuchotsa kowopsa kwa bearded gentian mu chiwindi chachikulu cha chiwindi kwatsimikiziridwa kuyesera.
Kutsekedwa
Gentian yofalikira imakula mpaka masentimita 15, ili ndi masamba a basal, komanso tsamba limodzi kapena awiri pa masamba. Chomera ichi chimafalikira kuyambira June mpaka September, koma nthawizina maluwa pa tchire amapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa November. Mbewu zimamera mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja. Mbewu imatha kuchepa kwa zaka zingapo. Glayan yafalikira imapezeka m'madera akumidzi kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Mu nyengo ya madera ena, mtundu uwu wa gentian ndi wovuta komanso wosawoneka. Amitundu omwe amagawidwa - imodzi mwa mitundu yoyamba yomwe ikuyambira mu "Gawo lachilengedwe la kusungirako mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zachilengedwe ku UK".
Mitundu yosatha ya gentian
Mitundu yosatha ya gentian - imodzi mwa yoyambirira chilimwe maluwa mbewu. Olimba kwambiri ndi ozizira kwambiri-olimba, motero amafunidwa kwambiri m'mapangidwe a munda. Oimira otchuka kwambiri a maluŵa osatha ndi masika gentian, Dahurian, achikasu, okongoletsedwa ku China, Koch, klyus, lalikulu-leaved, lalikulu-flowered, okongola, ternifolia, atatu-flowered, otsika-leaved, wovuta ndi ena.
Perennial gentian ili ndi mbiri yakale yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala onse a ku Asia ndi azungu. Kumadzulo, chikasu gentian ndi cha mtengo wapatali, pamene koha, masika, ndi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima. M'malo mwake, mu zamankhwala ku Asia (China), mitundu ina ya osatha gentian ndi yotchuka: yothamanga kwambiri ndi yovuta.
Spring
Mitengo ya gentian ndi yofupika pakati pa mitundu yonse: kutalika ndi masentimita ochepa chabe. The pedicle silimakula kuposa masentimita atatu. Komabe, chomeracho chimalimbikitsa kuchepa kwa maluwa okongola ndi okongola a mtundu wakuda buluu. Pankhani ya kasupe wa gentian, nthawi imene zomera zimamera zimatha kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu komanso kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe (May-June).
Spring gentian yofala ku Central Europe. Chilengedwe chake ndi miyala ya limestone, imakula pamapiri a dzuwa otentha, abwino ku malo okongola. Mwinanso, mukhoza kuyesa chomera ichi m'munda wanu kapena pabwalo. Nthaka musanadzalemo iyenera kukhala yothira, yotsekedwa bwino ndi yopindula ndi humus. Chomera chinyontho gentian makamaka mumthunzi wache, koma chikhoza kukhala ndi dzuwa lonse. Kumadera kumene chilimwe chimatentha ndi chouma, zomera zidzafunika kutetezedwa ku dzuwa.
Mukudziwa? Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, gentian imatengedwa ngati chomera chazamatsenga. Malingana ndi nthano yakale, ngati munthu abweretsa kasupe m'nyumbamo m'nyumba mwake, amatha kuwombedwa ndi mphezi.
Daurskaya
Kutalika kwa tsinde la Dahurian gentian ndi 15 -30 cm.Maluwa okongola a buluu amatsegulidwa mu August. Makhalidwe a osatha: malo otsetsereka, udzu, malo amchenga ndi steppe wouma. Dera lachilengedwe: East Asia (Mongolia, China). Pamene zikukula, zimayambira pansi, ndipo zimapanga malo obiriwira obiriwira. Mukakulira pakati pa zomera zina, Dahuri gentian imakula kwambiri. M'madera ozizira, izi zatha ndi zofunika kukulitsa dzuŵa - mbewu idzamva bwino kuposa mthunzi wache.
Ndikofunikira! Daur gentian ndi wolimba ndipo ndi bwino kwambiri nyengo yozizira. Choncho, eNgati mutabzala gentian kwa nthawi yoyamba, sankhani mtunduwu.
Yellow
Yellow gentian ndi udzu waukulu, wothazikika, wosatha. Mbewu imatchedwanso lalikulu gentian kapena gentian mankhwala. Chiyembekezo cha moyo chikhoza kufika zaka 50, koma maluwa oyambirira ayenera kuyembekezera zaka pafupifupi khumi. RKukula kwa chikasu gentian kufika pa 1.50 mamita.
Masamba amang'ambika ndipo amathira tsinde la mbewu. Maluwa aakulu achikasu anasonkhana mwamphamvu pamunsi mwa masamba. Maluwa: June-August. Mitengo ya Amitundu yokolola kuyambira May mpaka October. Pakalipano, zomera zimakhala m'mapiri osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya: Kumwera kwa Europe, Alps. Grass amapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 2500 pamwamba pa nyanja.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yokolola, chikasu gentian chiyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri: mankhwalawa amatha kusokonezeka white hellebore - chomera chakupha kwambiri. Mukhoza kusiyanitsa ndi mawonekedwe a masamba: Masamba a gentian amakula awiri awiri pamunsi mwa tsinde, ndipo Masamba a hellebore amakula nthawi zitatu ndipo amalephera.
Chomera ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Yellow gentian imalimbikitsa chilakolako, kumenyana ndi kutsekula m'mimba, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso imakhala yowonongeka. Chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tiyi wamchere. Rhizomes ndi mizu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala a zitsamba.
China chokongoletsedwa
Chitsamba chosatha chikufala ku China, makamaka kumpoto chakum'mawa. Kukolola kumachitika mu kugwa. Maluwa gentian tan mtundu. Mizu yayamba. Udzu uli ndi fungo lokoma ndi kulawa kowawa.
Gentian yokongoletsedwa ku China imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda awa: ndi zilonda za m'kamwa, zilonda zam'thupi, matenda a khungu, matenda a Uthenga (jaundice), matenda a chiwindi ndi chikhodzodzo, ndi mutu ndi chizungulire, komanso wodwalayo. Chinese gentian mu mankhwala owerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi decoction kapena tincture. Msuzi umatengedwa pamlomo kapena kunja.
Koch
Koch (stemless gentian) ndi mtundu wina wosatha wa gentian. Mtundu wodabwitsa wa mitundu iyi ndi kuti mbewuyo ilibe tsinde ndipo ili pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka. Mmerawo ndi wotsika kwambiri (wokha 5-10 cm mu msinkhu). Masamba asonkhana pamodzi mu rosette. Mphepete mwa pepalayo ndi yosalala. Maluwa amodzi ali ndi ubweya wa buluu. Koch maluwa ali ndi chizoloŵezi chotseka mvula nyengo.
Chomerachi chimapezeka m'mapiri a ku Ulaya (ku Alps). Nthawi yamaluwa imatha kuchokera pa May mpaka August (malingana ndi malo). Mtundu wa gentian umakhala ngati chomera chokongola. Amafalikira ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively. Photophilous
Klusi
Gentian Klushi - chitsamba chosatha ndi maluwa akulu ndi pang'onopang'ono, kunja mofanana kwambiri ndi koha gentian. Kutalika ndi 8-10 cm. Kufalizidwa ku Ulaya (kumapiri a Pyrenees, ku Alps, Apennines ndi Carpathians). Malo okonda malo ndi miyala yamchere ndi miyala yamwala. Mbewu ikhoza kufesedwa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, koma ndi bwino kuchita izi m'nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika kuti tipindule ndi nyengo yozizira. Ubwino ndi kompositi wothira. Choncho, tikulimbikitsanso kubisa mbewu ndi mchenga wochepa.
Mukudziwa? Gentian Klussi amatchulidwa ndi Carl Clusius (Charles de Lecluise) - m'modzi mwa mabanki akuluakulu komanso ofunikira kwambiri a ku Ulaya m'zaka za m'ma 1600.
Tsamba lalikulu
Wamitundu yayikulu yotchedwa Gentian ndi mtunda wamtali, wokongola umene umamera m'mapiri a pakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. Izi zimakhala ndi tsinde limodzi, komanso masamba ambiri. Mtundu wa leaf ndi wobiriwira. Chomera chimakula mpaka 140 cm.
Kumayambiriro kwa autumn, muzu wa lalikulu-leaved gentian umakumbidwa kunja. Zotsatira zake zimakhala ndi antibacterial ndi anti-inflammatory effects. Zofuna zamankhwala gentian yaikulu-yochotsedwa ntchito mavuto a m'mimba monga kusowa kudya ndi kukhumudwitsa. Komanso, chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga wothandizira wamkulu ndi wothandizira.
Zimakhala zazikulu
Amitundu akuluakulu adakwera - chitsamba chosangalatsa kwambiri. Maluwa a zamoyozi ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa zomera zokha. Kutalika kosatha - 4-5 masentimita.Zimayambira zokha. Nkhono ndi mzere wofiirira, wofiirira wofiira-buluu. Mzuwu umayenda, umakhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala mu June-August. Gentian yaikulu imapezeka ku Central Asia. Chomerachi chimapezeka pamapiri aatali ndi mapiri. M'madera a ku Tibetin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda opatsirana komanso opatsirana, kuphatikizapo matupi.
Lush
Wachikunja wamitundu - imodzi mwa mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya banja la gentian; Chomera chomera sichiposa masentimita asanu ndi awiri. Masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi opangidwa mofanana. Maluwawo ndi okhaokha, amtundu waukulu, amawoneka ngati mapiko, omwe amawoneka ndi buluu, oyera m'munsi. Mitundu imeneyi imatha kusiyanitsa ndi mdima umene uli pakati pa maluwa ooneka ngati belu. Amapezeka m'mapiri a alpine pamtunda wa mamita 3200-4500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Kufalikira ku China (Province Yunnan, Lijiang City). Maluwa okongola kwambiri a gentian kuyambira nthawi ya June mpaka September.
Ternifolia
Ternifolia - yotchedwa herbaceous osatha, yosiyana kwambiri ndi maluwa okongola a buluu. Osatha kutalika kwa 4-10 masentimita. Zimayambira zokwera, zophweka. Masamba ovuta kwambiri a masamba sakula bwino; masamba a katatu, ovuta. Mtoto wobiriwira wotumbululuka. Maluwa okhaokha, sessile. Kukonzekera ndi kofiira buluu ndi mikwingwirima ya buluu yakuda, yoboola ngati belu, yoboola mthunzi, masentimita 4-6 mu msinkhu.
Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala yophukira. Chomeracho chimachokera ku malo amdima a ku Asia. Chimafalikirabe ku China. Kubzala mbewu za gentian uku akulimbikitsidwa mu dzuwa lonse mu nthaka yowonongeka ndi madzi ambiri.
Zitatu-zimagwedezeka
Mitengo itatu ya gentian ndizitali, maluwa, osatha. Kutalika kwa mtundu uwu kumatha kufika masentimita 120. Habita ndi malo obirira, makamaka pamsewu. Zosatha zimagawidwa m'nkhalango za Asia (China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan). Maluwa kuchokera mu August mpaka September. Pa nthawi yolima, gentian itatu imakhala yofuna nthaka yothira bwino. Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kolimba ngati kotheka, kutentha sikutsika kwambiri, kutentha kwa mlengalenga ndi kochepa.
Mitundu itatu ya gentian imakhala ndi antibacterial katundu. Mizu ya chomera imakhala ndi mankhwala owawa, omwe ndi okoma kwambiri kwa dongosolo lakumagazi. Muzu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza jaundice, eczema, conjunctivitis, pakhosi. Mitengo ya Amitundu yokolola mu kugwa ndi kuyimitsidwa kuti idzagwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Musanagwiritse ntchito chomera ichi, muyenera kuonana ndi katswiri.
Kutsekedwa mwatsatanetsatane
Gentian yofiira kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofulumira kwambiri ya gentian. Amamva bwino m'munda wamba wamaluwa. Kuti okondwerera alendo apite kumunda, chomerachi chimamasula ndi "mabelu" okongola a mtundu wa buluu. Maluwa: May, June. Kutalika kwa mbeu - 8-10 cm. Patapita nthawi, mtundu uwu wa gentian umapanga matope akuluakulu obiriwira. Kukula mchenga wotsekemera gentian ukhale dzuwa lonse kapena mthunzi wache. Nthaka kumene kukula kwazomera kumakhala kosafunika.
Zovuta
Amitundu achiwawa, wotchedwa Korean kapena Japanese gentian, ndi mitundu ina yosatha ya banja la gentian. Chomerachi n'chofala m'madera ambiri a United States ndi kumpoto kwa Asia (Japan). Maluwa owomba gentian amagwa pakati pa chilimwe. Chomeracho chimakhala chowongolera kwambiri, 30 cm mu msinkhu. Masamba ndi ovunda ndi mmbali. Masamba awiriwa amadzaza tsinde pamunsi. Calyx tubular, ochepa. Maluwa ndi a buluu kapena a buluu. Muzu wowawa wa gentian wovuta umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala a chi Japan monga tonic. Kuonjezera apo, amachiritsidwa ndi nthendayi zambiri zomwe zimayanjana ndi chiwindi.
Maluwa gentian - mmodzi wa olimba kwambiri zomera ntchito yokongoletsa horticulture. Popeza mutakula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gentian, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa zosonkhanitsa zodabwitsa zomwe zidzasintha kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira m'munda wanu.
