Mbatata ya Bellarosa: yobala zipatso, yopatsa thanzi, chilala chosagwira

Mbatata ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakula ponseponse m'minda yaing'ono komanso m'minda yambiri.

Mitundu ya mbatata yamakono imasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri, kukana matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toononga, zabwino kwambiri.

Mitundu yonseyi ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri ndi Bellaroza, yomwe yadzikhazikitsidwa kuchokera kumbali yabwino ndipo imapezeka m'mayiko ambiri.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Muzu masamba

Bellarosa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata yomwe imabzalidwa ndi alangizi achi German ndipo imakula bwino mu nyengo yozizira. Amakula makamaka m'mabwalo a Ukraine, Moldova ndi pafupifupi kulikonse ku Russia.

Makhalidwe akuluakulu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana Bellaroza, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri, ndi:

Precocity. Kukolola kumachitika mkati mwa masiku 50-60 mutabzala, ndipo kukumba kungatheke pa tsiku la 45. Kumadera akum'mwera kuli kotheka kusonkhanitsa zokolola ziwiri pa nyengo: mutatha kukolola koyamba m'mwezi wa khumi wa July, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe mutha kubzala. Msonkhano wachiwiri ukugwera zaka khumi zoyambirira za September.

Pereka. Kololani izi zosiyanasiyana zimapanga malo otsika komanso okwera - mpaka matani 20-35 pa hekta imodzi ya nthaka.

Poyerekeza zokolola ndi kusunga khalidwe la zosiyanasiyana ndi ena, mungagwiritse ntchito tebulo ili m'munsimu:

Kulekerera kwa chilala. Bellarosa kwathunthu mwamtendere amakhala ndi nyengo youma.
Kudzichepetsa ndi kusasamala kwa chinyezi kumatheketsa kukula mbatata m'madera akulu omwe sali ndi dongosolo la ulimi wothirira.

Kufunafuna dothi. Bellarosa imakula bwino pamtundu uliwonse wa dothi, kupatula dothi lolemera.

Gwiritsani ntchito ndi kulawa. Masamba a mbatata osiyanasiyana. Poyesa pa msinkhu wa mfundo zisanu, chizindikiro "5" chikufanana ndi kulawa. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, zochepa zowonongeka zimatsala.

Kukoma kwa mbatata kumadalira makamaka kuchuluka kwa wowuma mu tubers yake. Mu tebulo ili m'munsimu mukhoza kuona chomwe chizindikiro ichi chili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

Kukana kwa kuwonongeka kwa makina. Kukaniza kumakhala kwakukulu - pokolola, pafupifupi 99% ya tubers amakhalabe abwino kwambiri.

Matenda oteteza matenda. Bellarosis sanyalanyaza khansa ya mbatata, kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya, nkhanambo, mavairasi, Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillosis, Golden mbatata cyst nematode, kuchepa kochedwa, Rhizoctonia ndi mwendo wakuda.

Kusungirako. Zosiyanasiyanazi zikuonekera pakati pa mitundu yoyambirira yosungirako khalidwe. Kawirikawiri, mbatata zoyambirira zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, koma Bellarosa ndizosiyana. Kutaya nthawi yosungirako kukufika kufika pa 6%. Zonsezi ndizotsutsana ndi kuwonongeka pakusonkhanitsidwa ndi matenda.

Werengani zambiri za mawu, kutentha ndi kusungirako mavuto m'nkhani zina pa tsamba. Komanso zonse zokhudza kusungirako m'nyengo yozizira, mabokosi, pa khonde, m'firiji, ya peeled mizu mbewu.

Thawani

Kubzala kwa mizu imeneyi ndi kosiyana ndi maonekedwe ena okongoletsera komanso owoneka bwino. Akuwombera yunifolomu. Mphukirayi ndi yachindunji, ikufika 70-75 masentimita pa chakudya ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu zimayambira. Masamba a chitsamba ndi aakulu, yowutsa mudyo, otsekedwa, pamphepete ali ndi mphamvu yofooka. The inflorescences ndi sing'anga kukula ndi wofiira-wofiirira hue. Chitsamba chimodzi chimapereka 7-10 pafupifupi ofanana lalikulu tubers.

Chifukwa chiyani Bellarosa akufalikira?

Zimapezeka kuti zosiyanasiyana mbatata Bellarosa si pachimake>. Kawirikawiri izi zimabweretsa kukhudzidwa pa zotsatira zokolola. Inde, kusowa kwa maluwa ndi chizindikiro cha matenda kapena kufooka kwa mbewu, koma osati ku Bellarosa.

Popeza mizu imeneyi imasankhidwa kukhala mitundu ya superearly, Kupangidwe ndi kukula kwa mbeu zimapezeka mofulumirakuti amatetezedwa ku matenda, patsogolo pa maonekedwe a kachilomboka kakang'ono ka Colorado ndipo sakhala ndi nthawi yophukira.

Pa khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa tubers kukolola m'tsogolo, kusowa kwa maluwa ndi kochepa. Ndiponso chomeracho chikhoza kutaya maluwa ndi masamba ngati nyengo yozungulira imatha kuposa madigiri +22 (pachimake chimapezeka pa 19% +22 madigiri).

Kuwonjezera apo, mundawo ukhoza kuyendera cholengedwa chamoyo chimene sichichita zabwino kapena zovulaza. Ndizo kachilomboka ndi mbatata. Angathe kudya maluwa mwamsanga.

Chithunzi

Zizindikiro za kukula

Kufesa

15-21 masiku asanayambe kubzala, mbeu ya mbatata iyenera kuikidwa m'mabokosi a matabwa mu 1-2 zigawo kapena zobalalika, kusunga masana ndi kutentha kosapitirira madigiri +15 mpaka maonekedwe a maso.

Kukonzekera kwa malo okudzala kuyenera kuchitika mu kugwa, ndipo mu kasupe ndi kofunikira kuti muzikumba. Pofesa, ganizirani za kukula kwa tubers zamtsogolo (zikuluzikulu zokwanira!).

Tikulimbikitsanso kutsatira ndondomeko ya 90 * 40 cm kuti tisawononge Bellarosa.Izi zikutanthauza kusunga mtunda pakati pa mabowo 40 cm, ndi pakati pa mizere 90 masentimita. Mabowo obzala amatha kupanga kuya kwa 8-10 masentimita, kenaka yikani fetasi-phosphate feteleza, ikani mbatata yobzala pansi, kuika maliro ndi msinkhu.

Feteleza

Bellarosa, monga mitundu ina yoyambirira yakucha, amafunika kudya ndi magnesiamu zokhudzana ndi zinthu. Kuvala kotereku ndikofunika kwambiri pazomwe zimayambira mu nthaka ya mchenga. Feteleza ikhoza kupatsa ufa wa dolomite, womwe uyenera kupangidwa pa mlingo wa 50 g pa 1 mita imodzi.

Ndiponso, mwatsatanetsatane za momwe, nthawi ndi nthawi yodyetsera mbatata, momwe mungachitire bwino mutabzala.

Pamene mukukula mbatata, mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo zokolola kapena zowononga tizilombo.

Werengani zonse za ubwino ndi zoopsa za fungicides, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo m'nkhani zothandiza pa tsamba lathu.

Chisamaliro

Kwa zipatso zambiri, chifukwa mbatata amafunika kusamalidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono n'kosavuta. Njira yoyamba ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri ndi nthaka yomwe imamasula komanso imapanga. Chochitikachi chimachitika kuti chiwononge namsongole ndikuswetsa nthaka, yomwe imapangidwa pambuyo pa mvula ndipo imaletsa nthaka kudyetsa mpweya.

Ndi bwino kuchita 2-3 nthaka kumasula nthawi yonse yokula. Choyamba chimachitika masiku asanu ndi awiri (7-8) mutabzala, masiku ena asanu ndi atatu (7-8) kenako ndikuyamba kumera. Chifukwa cha kulekerera kwa chilala cha Bellarosa, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera madzi; mphepo yamkuntho imamukwanira Kuphatikizana kumathandiza kuchepetsa namsongole.

Pali njira zambiri zowonjezera mbatata. Zina mwazo ndizoyenera kukolola zosowa zawo, zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bizinesi. Tikufuna kukufotokozerani zambiri zokhudza teknoloji ya Dutch, za kukula pansi pa udzu, mabokosi, mu matumba ndi mbiya.

Timakupatsanso inu mitundu ina ya mbatata ndi mawu osiyana: