Njira zowonetsetsa kuti kaloti azikhala m'nyengo yozizira

Kaloti ndiwo ndiwo ndiwo omwe alimi ndiwo alimi omwe akulima lero.

Kusamalira izo ndi zophweka, koma kusungirako kuli ndi makhalidwe ake, malingana ndi khalidwe la kaloti ndi mtundu wake.

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zambiri zotetezera zokolola, njira yosungiramo kaloti yomwe imadulidwa pansi imakhalabe yotchuka.

Zizindikiro za mawonekedwe

Kaloti ndi zomera za biennial, zomwe zimatha kukhala otentha m'madera osaya dormancy. Koma pansi pa zinthu zabwino, kukula kwake kumangotsegulidwa mwamsanga. Mpumulo wokakamizidwa umayenera kukwaniritsa njira zowonjezera zosokoneza. M'chaka, pambuyo pake nthawi yosungiramo, zimamera. Izi ndi zoyambira za mphukira zowonjezera zamtsogolo.

Kaloti amaonedwa ngati mbewu. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, ndi yosungirako, yosinthidwa. Kusungirako, kukula makamaka mochedwa mitundu ya kaloti. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mukhoza kusunga mizu yokhayo yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

• fomu yoyenera;
• chokolola chachikulu;
• ubwino wabwino.

Ndikofunikira! Kuti musataye nthawi yokolola panthawi yosungirako, m'pofunika kukhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 0-1, ndi chinyezi cha 95-100% (kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza kutentha kwa boma kusunga kaloti, onani apa).

Kodi n'zotheka kupulumutsa mizu pansi?

Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi wamaluwa omwe alibe chipinda chapansi. Mu nthaka, pokonzekera bwino mizu ya mbeu ndi kayendedwe ka dzenje, kusungirako kudzakhala kotalika.

Mitundu yokolola

Koma mochedwa mitundu yambiri ya kaloti akhoza kusungidwa pansi. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi mitundu yotsatirayi:

1. Shantane. Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi chisamaliro chabwino zimapereka zokolola zambiri.
   • Mzu wa zitsamba ukhoza kukololedwa masiku 140 kuchokera pamene mbewu ikuphuka;
   • Zipatso zimakhala zofanana, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 16;
   • pamwamba ndi phokoso ndi yosalala, ndipo mapeto ndi ochepa;
   • chidziwikiritso cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi chakuti zipatso zake sizikugwedezeka.
2. Royal Shantane. Izi ndi zosiyana-siyana zovomerezeka, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zokonda pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya kaloti.
   • Kukolola kumachitika pa tsiku la 110 pambuyo pa kumera;
   • Zipatso ziri ndi zofiira, zooneka ngati phokoso;
   • Kusiyana kwa maluwa okoma, okoma ndi otanuka;
   • Mbewu zamasamba ziyenera kukula mu nthaka yosalala ndi kuthirira madzi okwanira;
   • yabwino yosungirako pansi ndi mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi.
3. Kukwanira Iyi ndi nthawi yambiri yochedwa yobereka.
   • odziwika ndi zokolola zambiri;
   • Mukhoza kukolola, koma masiku 125 mutakula;
   • masamba a lalanje, kutalika kwake masentimita 21;
   • mawonekedwe ozungulira, nsonga zabwino komanso osasunthika;
   • Zitha kusungidwa kwa miyezi inayi ndi chinyezi chovomerezeka;
   • zosiyana sizosamvetsetseka pakulima;
   • Amatha kukula pamtunda uliwonse ndipo amavutika ndi chilala.
4. Sirkana F1. Iyi ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa umene sunayambe wakale.
   • amasiyanitsa ndi zokolola zambiri komanso khalidwe lachinyengo kwambiri;
   • Kuphuka kwa zipatso kuma tsiku 135 pambuyo pa kumera;
   • zipatso za lalanje, kutalika kwa cm 20;
   • mapeto osiyana, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira;
   • Mutha kukula pamtunda uliwonse wokhala ndi madzi okwanira.

Zofunikira pa Site

Kuyika yosungirako mu dzenje la nthaka, masamba amafunikira popanda kuwonongeka, zizindikiro za kuwonongeka ndi zolakwika kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi chochulukirapo monga mbewu zakuda kapena zopotoka. Ngati kusungidwa kwa kaloti kumakhala kosungidwa pansi, ndiye kuti ikhoza kusunga kukoma kwake ndi maonekedwe mpaka masika.

Malo osankhidwa ayenera kutsatira izi:

• pasakhale matenda osiyanasiyana a m'munda m'munda;
• Chiwembu cha masika sayenera kusungunuka ndi madzi otungunuka;
• Kukonzekera ndi mbewu ya kumanzere sayenera kusokoneza ntchito ya kumunda m'munda.

Kodi mungasunge bwanji masamba mpaka masika?

M'munda

Njira iyi ili ndi zotsatirazi:

1. M'mwezi watha wokwera pamwamba pazitsulo sayenera kumwa madzi m'munda.
2. Kuti mukolole, sankhani tsiku lomwe linadutsa nthawi yopanda mvula (makamaka, pasakhale mvula mkati mwa sabata). Kenaka dothi silinapeze chinyezi chowonjezera.
3. Nsonga zapamwamba za kaloti zatha, gawo la nthaka liyenera kulumikizana ndi malo odula.
4. Kudzaza bedi mchenga waukulu. Zosanjikiza zisakhale zazikulu, 2-5 masentimita ndi okwanira. Panthawi yomweyi, onetsetsani kuti sizingawononge malo omwe ali ndi mbewu zokhazokha, komanso malo ozungulira (1 mita kuchokera pabedi). Chifukwa cha mpweya wa mchenga udzathamangira pamwamba pa dziko lapansi.
5. Phimbani ndi polyethylene. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa nthawi yomweyo chisanafike.
6. Chotsatira chotsatira chimapangidwanso zipangizo. Izi zikhoza kukhala masamba a mtengo, peat, utuchi.
7. Phimbani zowonjezeretsa ndi polyethylene kapena kutupa. Ndiyamika kwa iye, pamapangidwe kanyumba kotentha, kamene kamalola kuti mbeuyi ikhale yozizira, yozizira. Zojambulajambula kapena mafilimu mosamala zipange zipangizo zilizonse zomwe zilipo.

Zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zidzateteza chitetezo chothandizira ku nyengo yoziziritsa, ndipo zitatha kudula mizu idzakhala yangwiro. Samalirani kwambiri kuteteza kaloti ku makoswe. Nyama izi siziphonya mwayi wokondwerera masamba okoma m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti mutetezedwe, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi zowonjezereka. Zokwanira kuti ziwabalalitse pamwamba pa kutentha.

Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungasunge kaloti m'munda mpaka masika, mungapeze apa.

Onerani kanema momwe mungasunge kaloti m'munda.

Mu dzenje

Njira iyi imaphatikizapo kusunga zokolola mu dzenje lokonzedwa pamalowa.

Malamulo onsewa ndi ophweka kwambiri, pamene amathandiza kusunga nthawi yokolola ndi zizindikiro zabwino. Choyamba muyenera kuchita zinthu zingapo zokonzekera:

1. Musanachotse mizu yochokera ku nthaka sayenera kuthiriridwa.
2. Pakuti kukumba mafoloko.
3. Musagwedeze nthaka ndi ndiwo zamasamba, musati muwakwapule ndi zipilala. Njira yotereyi imayambitsa kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zidzasokoneza chitetezo cha mizu ya mbeu ndi kuwonongera msanga.
4. Zosungidwa zowonongeka zimauma kuti ziume.
5. Mukatha kuyanika, chotsani nthaka yambiri.
6. Zokwera. Dulani ilo pamwamba pazu. Kutalika kwa masamba otsala sayenera kukhala oposa 2-3 masentimita.
7. Sankhani mbewu.

Tsopano mungathe kupitiliza kusankha masamba kuti mugone. Kwa makope oyenerera awa. Chinthu chotsatira ndicho kukonzekera malo oti awonetsedwe. Sankhani malo omwe mukusowa, omwe sagwedezeke ndi kusefukira kwa madzi otungika m'chaka. Pamene mizu yasankhidwa, mukhoza kupita ku tabu yosungiramo.

Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera apo, yikani zoopsya ndi misampha yomwe imayikidwa poizoni. Izi zidzateteza zamasamba ku tizirombo.

Njirayi ndi iyi:

1. Kukumba dzenje. Kuzama kwake kumadera kumene nyengo imakhala yofewa ndipo palibe kuzizira kwa nthaka sikuyenera kupitirira 30-35 masentimita M'madera omwe nyengo imakhala yowala kwambiri, kuya kwa dzenje sikuyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 50-60 cm.
2. Ikani mchenga wambiri pansi pa dzenje. Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza ndi 2-5 masentimita. Mchenga umalepheretsa kukhudzana ndi nthaka ndikupereka mpweya.
3. Ikani mzere wa zamasamba. Aphimbe mchenga mpaka 10-15 masentimita atsalira pamphepete mwa dzenje.
4. Lembani ndi dziko lapansi kuti mpando wapamwamba ufike pamphepete mwa dzenje ndi masentimita 8-10. Ngati nyengo yozizira ndi yowopsya, ndiye kuti pamwamba pazitali zingakhale 50 cm wakuda.
5. Tsopano inu mukhoza kupita ku kusokoneza. Pazinthu izi, gwiritsani ntchito masamba kuchokera ku mitengo, peat, utuchi, nthambi zafiritsi.

Kusunga kaloti m'nthaka ndi njira yabwino yopezera masamba osamalitsa ndi omveka mpaka kasupe lotsatira, chifukwa cha izi mungathe kuika kaloti pamunda kapena kukonzekera dzenje. Ponena za kukhazikitsa, njirayi ndi yophweka ndipo sizitenga nthawi yambiri., ngakhale kumafuna kutsata mfundo zonse. Njira yosungira beets ndi yomweyo.