Cherry Novella: malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a kulima

Mitundu yatsopano yamatcheri, yomwe imaphatikizapo Novella, ili ndi mikhalidwe yosangalatsa kwa wamaluwa. Amabala zipatso, amalimbana ndi matenda, osagwira chisanu. Kuti mukulitse yamatcheri a Novella, simuyenera kukhala wokonza dimba waluso kwambiri.

Kufotokozera kwa Mitundu ya Novella Cherry

Mitundu ya Novella Cher idapangidwa ku All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK). Tsiku lolembetsa boma ndi 2001.

Kutalika kwa chitumbu chachikulu sikupitilira 3 m, korona amakweza pang'ono, amapanga mawonekedwe ozungulira, kutumphuka ndi mtedza wakuda mumtundu. Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda, ali ndi mthunzi wa matte. Zipatso zimamangidwa pamaluwa a maluwa ndi zophuka zazing'ono. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozunguliridwa ndi apex wokhala ndi pang'ono komanso chaching'ono. Unyinji wamatcheri ndi 4.5-5 g, kukoma kwake ndi wowawasa-wokoma, malinga ndi machitidwe asanu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a 4,2. Zipatso sizikuwonongeka ndi chinyezi chambiri, kulekerera mayendedwe bwino.

Mabulosi, msuzi ndi zamkati za chitumbuwa cha Novella zimapakidwa utoto wofiirira, zipatso zikacha bwino, zimayamba kukhala zakuda

Zosiyanazi ndizodzipukutira pang'ono. Kupukutira pamtanda ndi mitundu yamitundu yamitundu iyi ndikulimbikitsa:

Vladimirskaya
Griot waku Ostheim,
Msungwana Wamtokoma.

Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa VNIISPK, zipatso zimapezeka mchaka cha 4. Masamba a Cherry amatuwa nthawi yayitali pachikhalidwe ichi (Meyi 10-18). Nkhani yochepa ikunena za mitundu yakucha yakucha, nthawi yakucha ndi sabata lachitatu la Julayi. Zipatso zonse zimacha pafupifupi nthawi imodzi - m'masiku ochepa. Mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso 19 mpaka mtengo umodzi (zipatso zambiri - 15 kg).

Kuchokera pamtengo umodzi wa Novella chitumbuwa, mutha kutolera mpaka 19 kg ya zipatso zakupsa

Ubwino wa Gawo:

kukana matenda a fungal (coccomycosis ndi moniliosis);
kubuma kwa mtengo wabwino nthawi yozizira.

Zoyipa:

pafupifupi chisanu kukana maluwa;
zipatso zosakhazikika: zaka zingapo zochuluka za zomwe zapezeka zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana.

Kubzala yamatcheri

Kubzala yamatcheri si ntchito yayikulu.

Kusankha Mmera

Kubzala, pachaka kapena mitengo yotalikirana ndiyabwino, yakale imazika mizu kwambiri ndipo osavomerezeka kuti igulidwe. Kukula pafupifupi kwa mbande zotere:

70-80 cm - pachaka;
100-110 cm - zaka ziwiri.

Malo ocheperako osagawanika amathanso kupereka zinthu zobzala zokhala ndi nayitrogeni yambiri. Mitengo yotere imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, koma kupulumuka kwawo m'malo atsopano ndizotsika kwambiri. Mbande zomwe zimamera pa nayitrogeni zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira pamakungwa mu mawonekedwe a madontho ndi mikwingwirima, ndipo makungwa a chitumbuwa mwachilengedwe amayenera kukhala a bulauni mofananirana ndi sheen wonyezimira.

Mukamasankha zinthu zobzala, mizu yotsekedwa imakondedwa, koma nthawi yomweyo muyenera kukhala otsimikiza za umphumphu. Mizu uyenera kufotokozedwa bwino, osadulidwa, kukhala ndi mizu yoposa umodzi, kukhalapo kwa fibrillation kuzungulira shaft yayikulu ndikofunikira.

Mukamasankha mbande za chitumbuwa ndi mizu yotseguka, yang'anani mizu: ziyenera kufotokozedwa bwino, osadulidwa, khalani ndi mawonekedwe owunikira kuzungulira tsinde

Pezani yamatcheri

Mitengo yonse yazipatso, kuphatikizapo yamatcheri, imakonda dothi losaloledwa kapena lamchere pang'ono ndi pH = 6.5-7. Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira kukhudza kupulumuka kwa mmera ndi zipatso za mtengo wachikulire.

Acidity ya dothi imatha kutsimikizika mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zokhala ndi mapepala a tinmus kapena maudzu omwe amapezeka pamalowo (zokwawa tirigu, chamomile wosakanizira, coltsfoot, munda womangiridwa, clover, bark ya poppy field, clover, munda bindweed, alkali panthaka yamchere yoyera, pa wowawasa - mahatchi.

Pa dothi lokhala ndi acidic, kuyerekeza kumafunikira mukabzala.

Mukabzala yamatcheri, ndikofunikira kuganizira za tsambali:

Cherry silimapezeka konse m'maenje, malo otsika, malo otsetsereka; malo abwino ndi otsetsereka a phiri laling'ono lokhala ndi malo otsetsereka a 5-8 °. Popanda kukwera kulikonse m'deralo, mutha kudzala pa ndege;
mawonekedwe abwino ali kumadzulo. Kutambalala kum'mwera ndikosafunika, chifukwa pamenepa ma boles nthawi zambiri amawonongeka nthawi yachisanu, ndipo ma cherries omwe amakula kumwera amakhudzidwa kwambiri nthawi yachilala. Malo ogona kumayiko ena amaloledwa. Kapangidwe kakumpoto, zipatso za chitumbuwa pambuyo pake ndi kukoma kwa zipatso zake kumakhala acidic kwambiri;
malowa amasankhidwa kotero kuti korona wa chitumbuwa amawombera pang'ono ndi mphepo, kuwinduka kwa mpweya wozungulira iwo ndikosayenera.
Malo a chitumbuwa amasankhidwa kuti korona wake awombedwe pang'ono ndi mphepo

Mitengo ingapo ibzalidwe, mtunda wa pafupifupi 3 m imasungidwa pakati pawo.

Nthawi yayitali

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala ndi nthawi ya masika, nthawi isanatsegule masamba - izi zikufanana ndi Epulo. Cherling mmera, pomwe masamba adayamba kuphuka, ali ochepa bwino.

Ngati ndizosatheka kugula zinthu nthawi yokhazikika, mutha kutenga mmera mutagwa tsamba ndikusunga mpaka masika, kenako ndikuwubzala panthawi yomwe mwakonzeka. Mmera wotere umasungidwa mozungulira mulifupi, wokutira ndi thunthu lonse lapansi. Chisoti chachifumucho sichikoka, chimatsekedwa ndi nsalu yotsekera kuteteza ku mbewa. M'nyengo yozizira, chipale chofewa chimaponyedwa pamalo ano.

Mbande zoyikidwa moyenera zimasungidwa bwino mpaka nthawi yamasika.

Kudzala zaulimi

Ntchitoyi ikhoza kuyimiridwanso m'njira zingapo.

Kubzala mmera wamtengo wapatali kumakhala magawo angapo

Tiyeni tiwone gawo lililonse mwatsatanetsatane:

Tsiku loti chitumbuwa chisanabzalidwe, chimachotsedwa mosamala muchidebe, mizu yonse imawongoledwa ndikuyikika mu yankho la chothandizira (Heteroauxin, Kornevin). Ngati mmera wagulidwa popanda chidebe, ndipo muzuwo utakutidwa ndi dongo, uyenera choyamba kuti uchotsedwe.
Dzenje limakumbidwa 60c 60 × 60 cm kukula kwake. Kwa dothi lolemera, kuya kuya kumakhala kochulukirapo ndipo ngalande zimayikidwa pansi. Ngati pansi pamtunda pali pafupi (3 mita), kumangapo chimbudzi cha 60-70 masentimita. Mukakumba dzenje, dothi labwino (20 mpaka 40 cm kutengera mtundu wa dothi) limayikidwa padera ndi nthaka yotsika.
Dzenje la chitumbuwa liyenera kukhala 60 × 60 × 60 cm
Kusakaniza kukukonzekera kudzaza dzenje: dothi lakuchotsedwa, chidebe cha humus wakale (osachepera zaka zitatu) kapena manyowa owola, ndowa ya peoxidized peat; ngati ndi kotheka, zida zopumira zimawonjezeredwa: ufa wa dolomite, phulusa, mazira kapena laimu. Pakakhala feteleza wachilengedwe, superphosphate (40 g) ndi potaziyamu kloride (25 g) angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ma feteleza a nayitrogeni samathandiza pakubzala.
Musanayike dzenje, nsonga za mizu yayikulu ndimadulira. Ndiponso pa 1-2 masentimita nsonga za sapling zimadulidwa.
Mizu yodulidwa ndi yowuma imadulidwa, ndege yodulidwayo iyenera kukhala yodutsa mizu
Gawo la osakaniza achonde limayikidwa pansi pa dzenje ndipo mmera umayikidwamo, ndikuwupangira kuti katemera akhale kumbali yakumpoto kwa tsinde. Kugawika kutalika kuyenera kupereka kuphimba ndi nthaka kumizu khosi ya mtengowo, i.e., mizu yonse iyenera kukhala pansi.
Malo a scion amatha kutsimikizika ndi kupindika kwa thunthu ndi mtundu wina wa makungwa
Pang'onopang'ono dzimbalo limakutidwa ndi msanganizo wachonde, kuonetsetsa kuti mizu singakame. Pakadutsa masentimita khumi aliyense, dziko lapansi limatayika kuchokera kuchitsime. Kuwaphatikiza ndi madzi kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka yolimba ikuyandikira kumizu ya chomera ndikuphwanya nthaka sikofunikira. Zoyala zam'munsi zosanjikiza zimayikidwa kumapeto kwenikweni, chifukwa sizikhudzana ndi mizu ndipo sizikhudza kuchepa kwamatcheri.
Pafupi ndi mtengo wachichepere, ndikofunika kuyendetsa mtengo ndipo m'malo awiri ndikulumikiza mmera. Chifukwa chake chitumbuwa chimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi mphepo.

Pakadutsa masiku 7-10, chitumbuwa chongobzala kumene chimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi tsiku lililonse (osachepera 10 l). Popewa madzi kufalikira, ndibwino kuti mupange chisa chozungulira.

Kanema: momwe mungabzalire chitumbuwa

Zambiri za kukula kwa chitumbuwa Novella

Ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi, chitumbuwa cha Novella chitulutsa zipatso zochuluka kwa zaka makumi awiri.

Kuthirira

M'chaka chodzala, mtengo nthawi zambiri umathiriridwa (kamodzi masiku asanu) kuti dothi la thunthu lisamere. Mukathirira, nthaka imamasula ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, imayeretsedwa ndi namsongole. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mulch, chinyezi chimasungidwa nthawi yayitali m'nthaka, chomwe chimachepetsa kuthirira. Muzaka zotsatila, yamatcheri amamwetsedwa m'madzi owuma osaposa 2 pa mwezi.

Kuyandikana ndi mbewu zina

Mukabzala yamatcheri, ndikofunikira kulingalira anthu oyandikana nawo. Kudzipukusa nokha kumatsimikizira kuti palibe 20% ya mbewu yomwe imachotsedwa ndi mungu ndi mtundu wina. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi pafupi ndi imodzi (pang'onopang'ono mpaka 40 m) chitumbu cha amodzi mwa mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa.

Mitengo ina yazipatso ndiyabwino monga oyandikana nawo ena, bola ngati sangabise korona. Tchire la Berry (blackcurrant, sea buckthorn, mabulosi akutchire, rasipiberi) ndilosavomerezeka chifukwa choyandikira. Mutha kudzala zitsamba zamtundu wina zilizonse zomwe zimakonda mchenga zokhala ndi mizu yopanda zipatso, chifukwa zimatsimikizira kuti nthaka ndi chinyontho.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Kukana chisanu kwabwino kwa Novella kumakhala kotsimikizika kokha kumagawo omwe akuwonetsedwa patsamba la VNIISPK pofotokozera izi: awa ndi madera a Oryol, Lipetsk, Tambov, Kursk ndi Voronezh.

Mulimonsemo, mtengowo wakonzedwa kuti nthawi yozizira ikhale:

Masamba atagwa, kuthirira kwamadzi kwadothi kumachitika.
Pambuyo pake, bwalo la thunthu limalungika ndi peat kapena kompositi (posakhalapo, mutha kungowonjezera lapansi lapansi).
Pambuyo pothirira madzi kuthirira kwamatcheri, bwalo la thunthu limakhazikika ndi peat kapena humus
Pambuyo pakugwa chipale chofewa, pangani chipale chofewa kuzungulira thunthu. Mutha kuphimba ndi udzu pamwamba. Kuchita izi kumalepheretsa maluwa oyambirira, omwe amateteza mazira ku chisanu chomaliza.

Kudulira

Kudulira koyamba kumachitika mutabzala. Mu zaka zotsatila, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yopanga korona ndi masika mpaka masamba atatseguka (theka lachiwiri la Marichi), pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kutsika kuposa -5 ⁰C. Kuchepetsa ukhondo kumatha kuchitika mu kugwa, koma nthawi zambiri mitundu iyi iwiri imagwiranso ntchito.

Ngati mukufuna kudula impso zakunja (mwachitsanzo, kuti mupewe kukulitsa korona ndikuwongolera panja), ndiye kuti muthomeke (pafupifupi 45 °) motalikirana ndi 0,5 cm kuchokera kunsi lakunja

Korona wa chitumbuwa cha Novel amapangidwa ngati mtundu wa sparse-tiered.

Gome: Kapangidwe ka korona wamtundu wamitundu yaying'ono

Chaka chokonza	Zoyenera kuchita
Mmera pachaka	Kuti apange tsinde, mphukira zonse zimachotsedwa pansi 30-30 cm kuchokera pansi. Pa mphukira zomwe zatsalira, masamba olimba kwambiri a 4-5 asiyidwa, ayenera kukhala kumbali zosiyanasiyana za thunthu mtunda wa 10-15 masentimita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake ndikupita kutali ndi wochititsa wapakati pomwe pa 40-50 °. Mphukira zamtsogolo zimadulidwa kuti kutalika kwake kusapitirire 30 cm. Woyendetsa wapakati amafupikitsidwa kutalika kwambiri kuposa nthambi yayitali kwambiri ndi 15-25 cm Ngati mmera wa pachaka ulibe nthambi, ndiye kuti udulidwa mpaka 80 cm, ndipo kudula kwamaka kumachitika monga tafotokozera pamwambapa
Chaka chimodzi mmera	Kuti apange gawo lachiwiri, 2-3 amasankhidwa kuchokera ku mphukira za pachaka, amafupikitsidwa ndi kotala. Ngati kutalika kwawo ndi kochepera 30 cm, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kufupikitsa. Mphukira zina zonse zapachaka zimachotsedwa. Kuti muchepetse nduwira, mphukira zonse zomwe zimalowetsedwa mkatimu, komanso zokhazo zomwe zimakhazikika pam tsinde, zimadulidwa. Nthambi za mafupa a chaka chatha zifupikitsidwa mpaka 40 cm. Nthambi za chaka chatha zimadulidwa mpaka 30 cm
Chaka chachitatu	Chotsatira chotsatira chimapangidwa mwanjira yomweyo monga momwe zidakhalira chaka cham'mbuyomu. Kudula korona kumachitika. Kukula pachaka kumadulidwa mpaka 40 cm. Nthambi za mafupa zimafupikitsa 60 cm
Zaka zachinayi ndi zotsatirazi	Monga lamulo, pofika chaka chachinayi, korona wa mtengowu adapangidwa kale ndipo ali ndi mphukira wapakatikati (kutalika kokwanira ndi 2.5-3 m) ndi nthambi za mafupa 8-10. Kuchepetsa kukula kwamatcheri, kumtunda kumakhala masentimita 5 pamwamba pa nthambi yapafupi. Mu zaka zotsatirazi, yamatcheri imangofunika kokha mwaukhondo komanso odana ndi ukalamba

Mphukira zazing'ono sizifupikitsidwa kutalika kosachepera 40 cm kuti nthambi zamaluwa zizitha kupanga.

Masamba a maluwa amapangika pa mphukira 30-30 cm

M'tsogolomu, zili panthambi izi kuti zipatso zokoma zimera.

Kanema: Kudulira kwamitengo yamitengo yamtengo wapatali

Ntchito feteleza

M'chaka choyamba chodzala, kuvala pamwamba sikumachitika, ndikokwanira kuti adawonjezeredwa nthawi yobzala. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kuti zochulukirapo zimapweteketsa chitumbuwa.

Gome: Njira yodyetsa zipatso

Nthawi Yogwiritsira Ntchito	Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kasupe	Maluwa asanafike maluwa, kuvala bwino kwapamwamba kumachitika ndi njira ya urea (25 g / 10 l) kapena kupendekera kwa thunthu mozungulira ndi ammonium nitrate 15 g / m^2; mitengo yamaluwa imakhalanso ndi manyowa nthawi yamaluwa: 1 lita imodzi ya mullein ndi magalasi awiri a phulusa pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. 10-20 l yovala pamwamba imayambitsidwa; patatha milungu iwiri, phosphorous-potaziyamu wavala pamwamba umachitika: 1 tbsp. supuni ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi 1.5 tbsp. supuni ya superphosphate mu 10 malita a madzi. Mulingo wofunsira: 8 l / 1 m²
Chilimwe	Kuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa chilimwe kumachitika kokha ngati mitengo ya zipatso: kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amayikidwa (30 g / m²); Mu Ogasiti, atakonkhedwa ndi yankho la superphosphate 25 g / 10 l, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la phulusa (makapu awiri pa 10 l)
Wagwa	Thandizani superphosphate (150-300 g / m²) ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake (50-100 g / m²) Kwa mitengo yaying'ono, nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako 2, chifukwa yamatchero achikulire zaka 7 - 1.5 zina. Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse zimapanga kompositi kapena manyowa. Pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba, mitengo ya zipatso imapopanitsidwa ndi yankho la urea (30 g / m²)

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Novella idapangidwa pamaziko a mtundu wosakanizidwa wamatumbu ndi mbalame (cerapadus). Izi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukana kwa chisanu ndi kukana matenda onse a fungus, komanso sizichedwa kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, mitunduyi siyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso fungicides.

Ndemanga za Novella Cherries

Cherry Novella adadziwonetsa yekha muulemerero wake wonse chaka chachisanu. Zipatsozo zinali ndi maonekedwe akulu, zinali zofiira-zopatsa thupi ndipo zinali ndi kukoma kooneka bwino ndi wowawasa kwamchere. Chaka chilichonse, chitumbuwa chathu cha Novella chinasanduka mtengo wooneka ngati chitsamba. Nthambi zake zikufalikira, mpaka pansi. Pakatha zaka 8, mtengowo umapitilira mamita atatu, womwe umathandizira kwambiri kututa kwamatcheri ak kucha.
Nikolaevna
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Ndinkakonda bukulo kwambiri - lidali likukula mwachangu, kugonjetsedwa ndi bowa ndipo ndidalowa nyengo yamaluwa mwachangu. Nthawi yomweyo, sataya kukula. Kununkhira kwakukulu.
Zener
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Chaka chino ndidachita katemera wa Novella zingapo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mitunduyi siyofala kwambiri ndi kukaniza kwake matenda.
Jackyx
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=2025

Mitundu ya Cherry ya Novella imakhala yolemekeza kusiya. Mukoyesetsa pang'ono, mudzapeza zokolola zabwino pamtengo wotere. Ndikofunikanso kuti zipatso za Novella zizikhala ndi ntchito padziko lonse: mutha kupanga kupanikizana, kupanga vinyo kapena kusangalala ndi mchere wabwino kwambiri.