Madera a Guzmania ndi Central ndi South America. Maluwa amayamba moyo wake pa makungwa a mitengo yakale. Ndipotu Guzmania - epiphyte. Ndi kukula kwachangu, zomera zimatenga chinyezi chofunikira kuchokera mlengalenga. Nyumba zimamera mitundu iwiri yokha ya epiphyte - bango la guzmaniyu ndi laling'ono. Ndi mitundu iyi ya Guzmania yomwe ili yovuta kwambiri kwa chilengedwe ndipo ndisavuta kuwasamalira kunyumba.
Kugulira Guzman mutagula: mphika ndi zolemba za nthaka
Maluwa odabwitsa awa ali ndi mizu yovuta kwambiri. Choncho, chinthu choyamba mutatha kupeza zomera mu sitolo muyenera kuziika. Dothi la guzmanii liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso labwino kwambiri. Osapangidwe koipa kwa nthaka ndi mchenga ndi kuwonjezera kwa makala ndi fiber peat.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu pafupifupi 3,200 ya zomera zomwe zimakula pakhomo. Ndipo gawo la mkango wa iwo amabwera kuchokera kumadera otentha ndi madera ozungulira. Makamaka, pa 20% mwa maluwa amasiku ano, South America ndi malo obadwirako.
Guzmania imamva bwino m'nthaka yosakaniza yomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi la sphagnum ndi magawo atatu a makungwa a mitengo ya coniferous (mizu ya fern). Mukhozanso kugula mapangidwe okongoletsera ma orchids kapena bromeliads.
Zomera monga echmeia ndi vriezia zimakhalanso ndi banja la bromeliad ndipo limakhala pachimake kamodzi pa moyo wawo wonse.Popeza dothi limangokhalira kugwira ntchito yopatsa thanzi la epiphyte, sikoyenera kulima mu mphika waukulu. Ndipo musanayambe kusuntha guzmaniyu, ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti mu deep flowerpot kukhalabe thanzi la mizu ndi zovuta.
Njira yabwino pa epiphyte iyi - mphika wosazama wokhala ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 10-12. Komanso, madziwa ayenera kudzaza 2/3 ya thanki. Mukamayikanso, ndikofunika kuti musamalire bwino mizu - ndi yovuta kwambiri ku Guzmania. Zabwino kwambiri kuti zitheke.
Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukulitsa khosi la maluwa ndikupukuta nthaka - chifukwa chopunthira bwino ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito chidebecho mopepuka.
Timapanga zinthu zabwino kuti tizitha kukula m'nyumba
Kusamalira guzmaniya kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo ena, pakupanga mikhalidwe yoyandikana ndi yachilengedwe kudziko lachimera ichi. 
Kuunikira
Kuunikira n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mugule. Njira yabwino - yopanga kumadzulo kapena kutsogolo. Kumbali ya kumwera, zomera sizidzasintha, ndipo kusowa kwa kuwala kumbali ya kumpoto kudzakhudza kwambiri maluwa.
Ngati mawindo akuyang'ana chakummwera, duwa limafunika kumeta. Komanso, kupanda kuwala guzmaniya sikumva ululu, koma mumthunzi wowala maluwa amalaka ndi nthawi ndi kutembenukira wobiriwira, kutaya kukongoletsa.
Kulibe kusiyana kwa kuyatsa m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe kwa guzmania - chomeracho sichikhala ndi nthawi yopumula bwino.
Mukudziwa? Zakhazikitsidwa kuti kuzungulira kumayeretsa bwino mpweya wa chipinda chomwe chili. Chomerachi chimathanso kutulutsa fumbi.
Kutentha
Kutentha kumathandiza kwambiri. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbewuyi ndi 23-25 ° C m'chilimwe komanso 18-22 ° C m'nyengo yozizira. 
Zapadera za chisamaliro cha kunyumba
Akatswiri amanena kuti n'zosavuta kusamalira maluwa okongoletsera okha - chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho kuyamwa ndi kudyetsa kukongola kwakukulu.
Mudzakhala wokondwa kudziwa mitundu yambiri ya Guzman.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Za momwe mungamwetse maluwa awa, muyenera kudziwa poyamba. Ndipo choyamba muyenera kukumbukira kuti chomeracho sichifuna kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Monga lamulo, Guzmania imathiriridwa mwakhama nthawi yamvula kapena kutentha kwa nyumba. M'chilimwe, maluwa amamwe madzi tsiku lililonse, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, Guzmania imafuna madzi okwanira - kamodzi pa sabata. Kuthirira kumachitidwa mu rosette yomwe imapangidwa ndi masamba, ndikudzaza pa 2/3.
Ndikofunikira! Chinyezi chimene sichimangidwe pambuyo kuthirira chiyenera kukonzedwa.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa chilimwe kumatulutsa mlengalenga ndipo kungachititse kuti mapeto a maluwawo aziuma. Choncho, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kwa guzmanii optimum chinyezi - 60-80%. Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi nthawi yotentha, mukhoza kuwaza mbeu 2-3 patsiku kapena kuyika pamphuno ndi mchenga wouma kapena udothi wambiri, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, kuphimba mabatire ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi. 
Lamulo lalikulu lomwe liyenera kutsatiridwa kuti lisayambe kuvutika ndi funso "momwe angapulumutsire Guzman": kutentha kutentha mchipindamo, kumakhala chinyezi. Komanso, sikuvomerezeka kuchepetsa kutentha ndi "kuyenda" maluwa kapena kukonza zojambula - zomera sizikukonda. Ngakhale kuthamanga kwapang'ono sikukumamupweteka.
Mukudziwa? Pa kukula kwa mwezi, zomera zimakhudza chinyezi. Panthawiyi, ndi bwino kukonzekera cuttings kuti ikhale rooting, inoculate, komanso kudyetsa ndi kulima nthaka.
Mukhoza kupanga maluwa pa khonde lamoto, pokhapokha ngati simungapeze kuwala kwa dzuwa. Apo ayi, chomeracho chikhoza kutenthedwa. Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri pambuyo popopera mankhwala.
Mtengo wamadzi ndi wofunikanso: Kuchokera pa madzi owopsa pamasamba ndi zowawa ndi pachimake. Kwa ulimi wothirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osiyana, thawed kapena amvula ndi kutentha kwa 2-3 ° C pamwamba pa firiji. 
Feteleza
Malingana ndi alimi amaluwa, feteleza alibe chofunikira kwambiri pa huzmania, kusiyana ndi kuthirira ndi kusamalira bwino. Inde, mwachilengedwe, zomera zimalandira zakudya zowonjezera.
Potted maluwa akhoza kudyetsedwa kuti yaitali ndi kusangalatsa maluwa. Ma feteleza apadera a bromeliads kapena chakudya chonse cha zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuti asapitirire maluwa, feteleza amadzipukutidwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha maulendo 4 mpaka 5 kuposa momwe analangizira m'mawu.. Njirayi imathiriridwa kapena kuthiridwa kamodzi pamwezi.
Kuswana guzmaniya kunyumba
Epiphyte iyi ikhoza kuchulukitsa zonse mwa njira ya seminal ndi magawano.
Ana (zowonongeka)
Njira yobereketsera yobereketsa ndiyo kugawikana. Pakati pa maluwa, chomera chimayamba kukhazikitsa mizu, yomwe imatha kukula maluwa - "mwana".
Mwamsanga pamene zowonjezerapo zikukula mpaka masentimita 15, zimatha kuikidwa. Pambuyo pake, amayi amafesa kale ndipo amafa. Monga lamulo, Guzmania imabereka "mwana" mmodzi yekha, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina duwa limapitiriza kukhala ndi moyo pambuyo pa maluwa ndikupereka mphukira zambiri. Poyamba, ambiri amazindikira nthawi yoberekeranso mosamala, chifukwa sadziwa choti achite pamene Guzmania yaphuka. Aluso odziwa zambiri amalangiza izi:
- Dulani masamba ndi kuyanika masamba.
- Sungani bwino mphukira zachangu ndi mpeni.
- Pewani ndidulidwa ndi makala osweka.
- Kuwombera "ana" mu chidebe chaching'ono ndikuphimba ndi kapezi (makamaka galasi).
- Ikani mphukira yachangu mowala ndi kutentha (ndi kutentha kwa pafupifupi 28 ° C), ndikuyesera kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa.
- Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe atsopano, omwe amasonyeza kuti gusmania yatenga mizu ndipo kuikidwa kwa ana kwapambana, duwa limaphunzitsidwa mpweya wabwino.
- Mbewu yozulidwa imabzalidwa kumalo osatha pambuyo pamtunda womaliza.
Guzman kulima nthaka yosakaniza yopangidwa ndi peat, tsamba (tsamba), nthaka kapena wet sphagnum moss.Mbewu
Pambuyo maluwa, timapanga bokosi lapadera, limene mbeu za chiphuphu zimapsa. Pofuna kukula kwa epiphytes kuchokera ku mbewu, ayenera kuyamba atetezedwa mwachitsulo. Kwa ichi, njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi yoyenera. Pambuyo pokonza mbeu, mbewu zabzala m'nthaka zimapangitsa kuti gusmania (sichiyenera kufota ndi nthaka, chifukwa mbewu zimamera pang'onopang'ono). Mbande yokutidwa ndi chidziwitso chodziwika (filimu, galasi) ndi kuika malo ofunda, owala.
Ndikofunikira! Mbeu za Guzman zimataya mwamsanga kumera, ndipo ziyenera kubzalidwa mwamsanga mutatha kucha.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-2.5, amatha kuyenda m'madzi ochepa (pafupifupi masentimita 7). Pambuyo pa miyezi inanso isanu ndi umodzi, maluwawo amakaikidwa pamalo osatha.
Mbewu ndi kubereka awa zomera m'nyumba: streptokarpusy, plumeria, clivia, aglaonemoya, Fitton, nkhadze, dieffenbachia, Bacopa, Monstera, Tradescantia, Venus flytrap, Epiphyllum Kafungoka, catharanthus, Brugmansia, nkhadze, bougainvillea, chrysanthemum, kumquat ndi Scheffler.
Pemphani guzmania
Akatswiri omwe amadziwa zonse zokhudza ghzmaniya, imenetsani nthawiyi kukhala yofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wa chomera. Maluwawo amamasula ali ndi zaka 3-4. Epiphyte iyi imamera kwa miyezi ingapo (mu March - September) ndipo panthawiyi ikuwoneka mwa kukongola kwake. Panthawiyi ndikofunikira makamaka kusunga bwino zinthu. 
Ndikofunikira! Guzmania imamera pokhapokha ngati imakhala yabwino ndipo imafa mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi itatha maluwa.
N'chifukwa chiyani sizamasamba guzmaniya
Ambiri omwe akuyembekezera chozizwitsa ichi ali ndi chidwi ndi funso ili:. Akatswiri amanena zifukwa zingapo:
- kusowa kwa kuwala;
- kuopsa kwa dzuwa;
- kusowa kwa feteleza ndi zakudya zina;
- mpweya wouma.
Zovuta zovuta, matenda ndi tizirombo: njira zolimbana nazo
Kawirikawiri, epiphyte imapirira zovuta, koma muyenera kudziŵa zomwe tizirombo ndi matenda angathe kuziwonekera ndi momwe tingachitire.
- Adani aakulu a epiphytes ndi scythe, kangaude wa kangaude, imvi yovunda ndi mealybug. Amakhala m'mamasamba a zomera ndikuwavulaza. Kuchiza, tsamba la guzmania limazembedwa ndi madzi sosi. Ngati njirayi singakuthandizeni, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikutsanulira njirayo.
Zikuwoneka ngati shieldovka 
Mu chithunzithunzi cha kangaude 
Grey kuvunda ndi mdani woopsa wa chomera - Ngati tsinde limatha, mizu ikhoza kuvunda. Pankhaniyi, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa.
- Mawanga a masambawo amasonyeza kuti duwa linayambidwa ndi bowa. Mungathe kuchotsapo ndi yankho la fungicide.
- Ngati guzmania ikudyeka, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndi kudziwa ngati tizirombo taziwonongera ndikuyang'ana zizindikiro: kodi mumadyetsa madzi ndi kuthirira kapena mwakhala mukudziwika bwino ku dzuwa?
- Ngati epiphyte ikukula, n'zotheka kuti imasowa zakudya. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa maluwa akuluakulu ndi "ana". Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi zinthu zosasangalatsa. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zingasonyeze kuti chomera chikukonzekera maluwa ndi kubereka.
Zikuwoneka ngati shieldovka 
Mu chithunzithunzi cha kangaude 
Grey kuvunda ndi mdani woopsa wa chomeraMwa njira, anthu ambiri amayamba kulowerera mu bromelium dilution pokhapokha choyamba cholephera.
Kunja, Guzmania imasonyeza kuti ndiwombera kwambiri. Komabe, zenizeni, kutsatira malamulo onse ndi zofunikira zomwe zilipo, kudziwa momwe mungayambitsire ndi kuika guzmaniyu, kudzakhazikitsa chilumba chenichenicho. Kuonjezerapo, chomera ichi sichidzongoletsa zokha, komanso chidzatulutsa mphamvu yanu.
