Okra - chosowa masamba mbewu

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri olima minda ndi okhalamo nthawi yachilimwe samangokulitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zili zotchuka kwa ife, komanso amayesa kupeza zokolola kuchokera ku zodabwitsa zakunja. Ntchitoyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa kusamalira zomera zina, wosamalira mundawo amasintha mabedi ake kukhala malo ocheperako, ndipo amakhala wofufuzira. Okra akadali chomera chosawoneka bwino pamafamu athu, ndichifukwa chake ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amakonda kuyesa zinthu zatsopano.

Okra - malongosoledwe aomera

Okra - masamba osowa kwambiri amatha kupezeka pansi pa mayina ena - okra, gombo, zala za azimayi, abelmosh.

Kufalikira kwa therere

Zomera zili ponseponse ku America, Asia, kumwera kwa Europe komanso, kwawo, ku Africa. Kwa Russia, iyi ndi mbewu yamasamba yosowa. Ndibwino kuti mukubzala minda yaying'ono ku Krasnodar Territory ndi Stavropol Territory, m'magawo ena ndi okhazikika m'maluwa.

Okra, wobzalidwa m'mizere kum'mwera kwa Russia

Chikhalidwe

Okra ndi masamba obiriwira pachaka a banja la mallow. Kutalika kwa tchire kumadalira mitunduyo ndipo kumatha kukhala 30-40 masentimita mukukula kochepa ndikufikira mita ziwiri zamitundu itali. Chifukwa cha tsinde lobiriwira komanso masamba akuluakulu amtundu wakuda, mbewuyo imawoneka bwino. Maluwa akulu amodzi a kirimu kapena mtundu wa mkaka womwe umawonekera mumasamba amachititsa kukongoletsa pachitsamba chonse. Zipatso ndi zofanana pakapangidwe ka nyemba zosankhira tsabola - mabokosi obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi njere zambiri, m'mitundu ina amatha kukhala akulu kwambiri - oposa 20 cm.

Maluwa ndi zipatso za therere zimachitika nthawi imodzi

Kugwiritsa ntchito therere

Amakulitsa therere makamaka monga mbewu ya masamba. Chifukwa chosalowerera ndale, kukumbukira zamasamba a katsitsumzukwa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mavitamini, macro- ndi ma microelements, komanso ma calorie otsika komanso kuthekera kochepetsa cholesterol, therere limagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya. Mbewu zodzala zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, ofanana ndi mtengo wa azitona. Zipatsozi zimakhalanso ndi zinthu za mucous zomwe zimakhala ndi enveloping katundu, kotero mbale za therere zimalimbikitsidwa matenda am'mimba thirakiti. Kuchokera nthangala zakhwima, zokazinga, kumamwa chakumwa chomwe chimalawa ngati khofi weniweni.

Zipatso za ku Okra zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri komanso michere yambiri

Nthawi zina pa zipatso za therere pamakhala zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimayaka. Ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, makulidwewo amazimiririka, koma kusonkhanitsa ndi kuphika masamba osaphika, makamaka akuluakulu, ndibwino ndi magolovesi. Izi zidzateteza manja anu kuti asayake komanso asakhumudwe.

Kanema: okra - katundu wothandiza

Mitundu yotchuka ya therere

Mitundu yambiri ya therere imasiyana ndi kutalika kwa chitsamba, kukula kwake ndi kukoma kwake kwa zipatsozo, komanso kutalika kwa nyengo ya kukula.

Munthawi zathu zanyengo, zipatso zabwino zimabweretsa:

1. Nyenyezi ya David ndi mitundu yayitali. Zipatso zimafika kutalika kwa 15 cm.
2. Red velvet ndi mitundu yakucha yakucha. Zipatso zazikulu zofiira zimawonekera patatha masiku 70 mutatha kumera.
3. White velvet ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi maluwa oyera oyera ndi maudzu pafupifupi 10 cm.
4. Clemson ndi mtundu wotchuka wololera. Chofunika kwambiri ndi zipatso zazikuluzabwino.
5. Blondi ndi mitundu yosagonjetseka yozizira yomwe ili ndi zipatso zambiri zobiriwira zonona.

Zithunzi zojambulajambula: mitundu yotchuka ya okra

Kukula therere m'malo osiyanasiyana a nyengo

Okra adakulidwa bwino m'maiko ambiri a dziko lathu, komabe, njira zobzala zamadera osiyanasiyana a nyengo ndizosiyana. Okra amabzalidwa makamaka mmera njira. Kufesa mbewu mwachindunji m'nthaka ndikotheka kumadera akum'mwera - Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, ndi Caucasus. Izi ndichifukwa choti chikhalidwechi ndi chozizira komanso chosamalira kwambiri kutentha.

M'madera apakati, m'chigawo cha Volga, Siberia ndi Urals, okra amabzalidwa kudzera mbande, ndikupatsidwa kusagwirizana kwa nyengo, ndibwino kulima mbewuyi m'malo obiriwira kapena malo okhala otentha.

Pakukula bwino kwa therere, ndikofunikira kusankha malo oyenera kubzala. Popeza kum'mwera kwake, ndikofunikira kuti kuchipatseni dzuwa lotetezedwa kwambiri ndi mphepo. Nthaka yachonde yopanda chonde imabweretsa zipatso zambiri.

Kanema: kukula therere m'miphika - zofunikira katundu

Njira yodzala mbewu zokulira therere

Mbewu za ku Okra zimamera masabata awiri mpaka anayi, chifukwa chake, kuti izi zitheke, zimanyowa. Kuti muchite izi, ikani chopukutira ndi mbewu mu sosele, thiritsani ndi madzi firiji ndikuyika malo otentha kwa tsiku.

Mukamanyowetsa njere, ndikofunikira kuti kuzilepheretsa kumizidwa m'madzi - mbewu ziyenera kupuma. Zotsatira zabwino, mutha kupukuta nsalu ndi madzi kapena kusungunuka madzi.

Kufesa mbewu za mbande

Mbewu za Okra zibzalidwe kumapeto kwa Epulo - Meyi woyamba. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito makapu amodzi podzala, makamaka peat. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbande za therere zimakhala ndi muzu, ndipo mwina palibe mizu yotsatira, motero zimasunthira zimzirizo ndikupweteka. Kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat kulola kubzala mbande m'munda popanda kuwononga mizu.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat, mbande imagwera pansi popanda kuwononga mizu

Pang'onopang'ono ndondomeko yofesa mbewu

1. Ikani miphika ya peat pa pallet ndikudzaza dothi la mbande.
2. Mumphika uliwonse, pangani ndodo yokhala ngati masentimita 4.
3. Tsitsani mbewu m'tulo ndikuwaza ndi lapansi.
4. Thirani madzi firiji.
5. Phimbani thireyi ndi miphika ndi zojambulazo.

Kusamalira mbande za Okra

Pakumera kwa mbeu, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 20 ndikutulutsa miphika nthawi ndi nthawi. Pambuyo pa kubzala mbande, filimuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo mbandezo nkuziika pamalo otentha otentha.

Kusamalira kwambiri mbande kumayamba kuthirira ndi kudyetsa panthawi yake. Pakatha masabata awiri zitamera, mbewuzo zimatha kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wazovuta zonse kuti mbande zamasamba zizipezeka. Kovala pamwamba kotereku kuyenera kuchitika tsiku lililonse la 12-14 musanatsanulire mbande kumalo okhazikika.

Mbande za Okra ziyenera kupereka malo otentha komanso owala

Thirani mu nthaka

Ali ndi zaka 35 - masiku 45, mbande za therere zomwe zakula ndikukulira zibzalidwe m'malo okhazikika. Mabedi okhala ndi dothi lachonde amakhala okonzeka kugwa - amapanga feteleza wa michere ndi michere yokumba. Kuyika nthawi yabwino kumachitika nthawi yamitambo kapena madzulo. Mukabzala mitundu yayitali, pakati pa tchire imasiya mtunda wa pafupifupi 90 cm ndi pakati pa mizere - 50 cm. Zomera zochepa zomwe zimabzalidwe pambuyo pa 60 cm ndi 40 cm mzere mzere. Zomera zobzalidwa zimathiridwa bwino ndikuyika mu ma peat kapena humus.

Mbeu za therere zokulira zibzalidwe pamabedi

Njira zosasangalatsa kuti zikule bwino

Kumagawo akumwera kwa dziko lathu lokhala ndi chilimwe chotalikirapo komanso chotentha, therere libzalidwe mwachindunji mu nthaka. Kubzala kumachitika nthaka ikakhala yotentha bwino komanso kutentha kwa mpweya sikugwa pansi pa 16 C.

Mbeu zanyowetsedwa ndikuzama ndi masentimita 3-4. Mtunda pakati pa zitsime ndi wofanana ndikamabzala mbande. Mbeu ziwiri zitha kuikidwa mu dzenje ndipo patapita nthawi, mbande zikaoneka - zichepetsa ofooka. Mulingo ndi kuthirira nthaka.

Kusamalira munthawi ya kukula

Chisamaliro cha Okra ndi chosavuta ndipo njira zogwiritsa ntchito mmera ndi njira za mmera ndizofanana. Pambuyo zikamera, ndikofunikira kupewa kuti nthaka iume kaye. Mukaphatikiza umuna, ndibwino kuti musinthe feteleza wa phosphorous-potashi ndi organic.

Poyamba, mbande zimafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika - kudulira, kumasula nthaka, kuvala pamwamba komanso kuthirira nthawi yake. Ndi kukula kwa therere, chisamaliro chimapangidwa mosavuta - tchire lambiri sililola kuti dothi liume mwachangu ndipo likulepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole. Tchire chachikulire chitha kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, koma zochulukirapo, kuti inyowetse nthaka mpaka akuya masentimita 40.

Ma Bush mapangidwe

Kupangidwe kwa chitsamba cha therere kumachitika m'njira ziwiri. Mutha kumera chomera mumtengo umodzi - kuthyola mitengo yophuka. Omwe amafalitsa njirayi amati nthambi sizipatsa zipatso zambiri, koma amachotsa mphamvu ya mphukira, yomwe imataya zipatso zake.

Munjira yachiwiri, korona wa tsinde lalikulu amafupikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthambi zotsogozedwa. Omwe amalimbikira ntchito imeneyi amakhulupirira kuti kuumba kumeneku kumabweretsa zipatso zambiri. Ndipo zikuwoneka kuti, kuyesa kokha pawebusayiti yawo ndikomwe kungathandize amateur kudziwa njira yabwino.

Kupanga okra

Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri chitamera, therere limayamba kuphuka, ndipo patatha sabata limodzi mumatha kutenga mbewu yoyamba. Zipatsozi zimayenera kusungidwa pafupipafupi, chifukwa, atatha masiku awiri kapena atatu owonjezera, zimakhala zowuma komanso zosakhazikika. Kummwera, kukolola kumachitika tsiku lililonse, m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira - masiku 4-5 aliwonse.

Kutolere zipatso za Okra

Kupukutira kwa therere kumakhala mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, koma ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, kukula kwa ma pod kumachepetsa kwambiri.

Mukakolola therere, chisamaliro chimayenera kutengedwa, popeza mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi hardescence yolimba, yomwe imayambitsa kukwiya pakhungu. Chifukwa chake, kugwira ntchito ndi mbewuyi ndikwabwino ndikhala ndi magolovesi.

Matenda a Okra

Kwa therere, matendawa ndi amodzi a matenda amodzi a mbewu za banja malvaceae.

Mwendo wakuda ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Nthawi zambiri amakhudza zimayambira za mbande za therere. Chomera chodwala chikuyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti oyandikana nawo asatenge kachilomboka. Popewa kupezeka kwa mwendo wakuda, simuyenera kulola chinyezi mopitilira muyeso, nthawi zambiri mpweya wabwino mukamakula mbuto yobiriwira.

Mukakonza dothi kuti mbande ndikubzala panthaka, ndikofunika kuyithira ndi yankho la phytosporin. Kukonzekera kumeneku kumathandizanso kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda ambiri amtundu wa bakiteriya komanso bakiteriya.

Dzimbiri ndi matenda owopsa a fungus. Imawoneka ngati mtundu wachikasu mawanga pamasamba, zimayambira ndi masamba. Mbali yamkati ya tsamba la brownish masango ambiri - spores za bowa - amapezeka. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimafa. Ngati mbewu yodwala ikapezeka, ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthawi yomweyo ndikuyang'ana malo onse obzala.

Powdery mildew ndiofala fungal matenda. Pa masamba a mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa, mutha kuwona chovala choyera, chomeracho sichinapangidwe bwino, chamtundu woyipa. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba onse ndi zokutira zoyera.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Matenda a Okra

Njira zachipatala komanso zodzitetezera

Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungal, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizingopopera mbewu zopanda matenda ndi yankho la phytosporin, komanso zokhala pafupi, komanso dothi loyazungulira. Malangizo a mankhwalawa amafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane momwe angapangire mankhwalawa komanso kangati kubwereza chithandizo.

Pofuna kupewa matenda, pomwe mukukula bwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo oyambira ukadaulo waulimi:

• samalira kasinthasintha wa mbeu;
• kupewa makulidwe a masisitimu;
• chotsani masamba owonjezera, makamaka iwo akukhudza pansi;
• kulimbana ndi namsongole ndi tizirombo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndiomwe amanyamula matenda.

Zolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito umuna kumabweretsa kufooketsa kwa mbewu ndikuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi kusowa kwa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu kumatha kupangitsa kuti matenda abwere.

Tizilombo ta therere

Mwa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, chiopsezo kwambiri cha therere chimayimiriridwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, kupindika, ndi scoop kabichi.

Ma nsabwe - mlendo wolimapo pafupipafupi, amakoka misuzi kuchokera pamasamba, kufooketsa chomeracho. Kuchulukana kwa tizirombo tating'ono tambiri kapena tobiriwira titha kuwoneka pamwamba pamera komanso pansi pa tsamba.

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala komwe timayambitsa mbewu. Kukhazikika pamasamba ndi masamba, iwo amatunga madziwo kuchokera kumtengowo. Akatha kudya, mabowo amakhalira pazomera zomwe bowa wamitundu iliyonse umalowera, chifukwa chake nkhondo yolimbana ndi tizilombo iyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo.

Kabichi scoop - mbozi kudya masamba onse ndi zipatso za therere. Munthawi yochepa kwambiri, tizilombo timatha kusiyira wokolola m'munda popanda mbewu zabwino zokha, komanso mbewu zina zambiri.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Tizilombo ta Okra

Kuyang'anira tizilombo

Kutsatira malamulo osavuta polima therere, tizirombo titha kupewa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mabedi azikhala ochepa, kuti muchepe nthawi yake. Kuyendera zamasamba pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuzindikira tizilombo mpaka nthawi yomwe kudzakhala kovuta kuthana nayo, ndipo kuwonongeka komwe kwachitika ndikuwoneka. Poyamba kuzindikiritsa tizilombo, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zobzala ndi tizilombo. Masiku ano, pamasamba m'masitolo pali mitundu yambiri yodziwitsa tizilombo. Pakati pa unyinjiwu, ndimasankha Fitoverm - kukonzekera kwachilengedwe komwe kumakhala koopsa komanso koteteza zachilengedwe. Zipatso ndi masamba omwe akonzedwa ndi Fitoverm amathanso kudyedwa m'masiku awiri.

Kutola, kugwiritsa ntchito ndikusunga okra

Zotuta za therere sizimakhala zosungika kwa nthawi yayitali. Zatsopano ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku awiri kapena atatu atachotsedwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito masamba osaphika, a stewed kapena okazinga, monga mbale zam'mbali, saladi zosakaniza kapena monga mbale yodziyimira nokha. Pophika, tengani ana nyemba zosankhika, kutsukidwa ndikusenda ndi madzi otentha. Peels zakonzedwa motere zitha kusweka mosavuta. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti khungu loyipa lisawononge kukoma kwa mbale. Okra amakonzedwa mwachangu, m'mphindi zochepa zokha, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zinthu zake zofunikira sizikuwonongeka.

Okra anapatsidwa masamba

Kuti musunge zipatso za therere kwa nthawi yayitali, gwiritsani ntchito kuziziritsa mwachangu, kuyanika kapena kulumitsa.

Okra (okra) anakula popanda mavuto, anabzala mbewu mwachindunji mu nthaka (i.e., popanda mbande), mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi (akadali mbewu ya thermophilic).

SE

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Ku Turasory ya Krasnodar, ndidakula. (Okra ndi dzina lake lachiwiri). Ngati sindili kulakwitsa, mbewu iyi ndi m'bale wa thonje. Zakudimba ndizosangalatsa, mutha kuphika zakudya zokoma, koma nthawi zonse kuchokera kumagogoda achichepere, pomwe zimacha mwachangu ndikuuma. Muli ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu za mucous, kumatsitsimutsa m'mimba bwino. Zoyenera Kukula: Dothi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya - osati otsika kuposa madigiri 14-16. Pakati panjira komanso kumpoto, mutha kuyesa kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pa mafilimu. Nyengo yokulira ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira masiku 60 mpaka 90.

Ffr

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therere (okra) - zipatso zimayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse, apo ayi amakhala olimba, owoneka bwino. Zosankha zokoma kwambiri. Mtengo wobala zipatso zambiri, koma osathamangitsa kukula. Zocheperako, ndizabwino. Mopanda nkhawa.

Vx900

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Kukolola kwa therere kumasangalatsa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa, ngakhale atakula mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena panja.Ndipo zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera pazakudya izi zimasiyanitsa ndikulemeretsa zakudya zilizonse.