Pafupipafupi, ambiri amamva nthawi yoyamba. Koma wamaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino kale amatha kuyamikira mitengo yowonjezera ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri.
Ndiponsotu, kupindula kwake kwakukulu ndi kusakhala kwa nthambi zokongola ndi korona waukulu. Tidzayesetsa kwambiri kuti tikudziwe bwino ndi ma plums.
Kodi ndi wapadera bwanji pa plums?
Kubzala ndi kubzala kwa plums ndi phokosolo kunawoneka mochedwa kwambiri kuposa kubereka kwa maapulo ndi mapeyala apakati. Ichi ndi chifukwa chosowa kuzindikira kuti kulima kwa mtunduwu kumalimi ambiri. Kodi ndi njira yanji yomwe maulamulidwe osiyanasiyana anagwedezeka ndipo ndi chiyani?
Mbiri ya mitengo yambiri
Kolonovidnye mitengo inaonekera mwadzidzidzi. Makamaka, kumbuyo kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapitazo, wina wa ku America anapeza nthambi yachilendo pamtengo wa mtengo wa ma Macintosh.
Icho chinali chowopsa kwambiri kuposa enawo, chinakula chokwera pamwamba ndipo chinali ndi zipatso zochuluka kwambiri. Mwachibadwa, wasayansi anayesa kufalitsa nthambi iyi, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri adatha kupeza zochuluka ndi zokolola zazikulu kuchokera ku mitengo yaing'ono. Motero, mitundu yoyamba ya mtsogoleri wa Apple apangidwe.
Atazindikira momwe kubzala mitengo yofanana ndi munda kungakhale kopindulitsa, asayansi adatha kupanga pepala lokhala ndi peyala ndi mapulaneti ena, mitundu yomwe tidzakambirana pansipa.
Choncho, colonic plums osati chifukwa cha kuswana kapena kupanga zamoyo. Mzere wa mtengo uli kusintha kosavuta kwachirengedwe, yomwe inkawonetsedwa komanso ikufalitsidwa bwino ndi munthu.
Tsatanetsatane wa pulogalamu yowonjezera
Mphungu yamtunduwu imatha kufotokozedwa ngati mtengo wawung'ono, wokhala ndi korona wosasinthika ndipo ulibe nthambi iliyonse. Korona wake imapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a piramidi yopapatiza. Korona uyu uli ndi nthungo ndi zipatso zamtundu wochuluka, zomwe zimatha kukolola mbewu zambiri komanso zochuluka, zomwe mtengo wina uliwonse wamtali ungakonde.
Ngakhale kuti mtengowo ukuwoneka wofooka kwambiri, nkhuni zake ndizolimba kwambiri. Makamaka, iye Amatha kupirira zokolola zochokera 6 mpaka 12 kilograms (ngakhale adakali ofunika kumanga mitengo).
Mphungu yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi ubwino wake: Mtengo uwu ukhoza kubweretsa mbewu yoyamba zaka ziwiri mutabzala.
Kukonzekera pazaka 6-7 zoyambirira kukuwonjezeka, kupitirira, ngakhale kwa zaka 7-10 kumakhalabe pamwambamwamba. Ndipo mtengo ukafika zaka 13-17 mtengo umasiya kukolola mbewu, ngakhale mtengo wokha ukhoza kukongoletsa munda wanu kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma koloni "Imperial"
Phindu lalikulu la zosiyanasiyana ndilo lachilendo komanso lalikulu la plums. Muyeso wawo, amasiya zipatso zonse zazikulu zowonjezereka, chifukwa pafupipafupi Chipatso chimodzi chokhala ndi "Imperial" chimapanga magalamu 55.
Mmene chipatsocho chimapangidwira. Pansi pa chipatsocho ndikulumikiza pang'ono kuposa gawo lalikulu komanso amakhala ndi kachilombo kakang'ono. Pamwamba pa chipatso chovutika maganizo. Khungu ndi lalifupi kwambiri, koma silinakhudze kukoma kwa chipatso.
Mitambo yamitundu "Imperial" ikhoza kukhala yosiyana. Zipatso zamitundu yofiira ndizofala, koma pali plums ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Thupi la zipatso izi ndizodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Ili ndi mtundu wa golide wachikasu komanso wosakhwima kwambiri, uli ndi madzi ambiri.
Maonekedwe a zamkati ali ndi shuga wochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tasitale ayambe kuyika zizindikiro zapamwamba za zipatso zake. Malingana ndi cholinga chake, ma plums ndi abwino komanso atsopano.
Zokambirana za zipatso za mtundu wofanana ndi "Imperial" ndizochepa. Ambiri Nthawi yabwino yochotsa zipatso ndi pakati pa August..
Mtengo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Imperial", monga ya ena osiyana siyana, uli ndi kukula kwakukulu. Fruiting mtengo kufika pamtunda 1.5-2 mamita okha. Korona ili ndi nthungo zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zimabereka zipatso, ndipo chifukwa chake zimakhala zogwirizana kwambiri.
Komabe, kukula kwake kwa mtengo sikumamulepheretsa kubweretsa mbewu zochuluka, zomwe zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtengo ukhoza kulowa fruiting chaka chachiwiri mutabzala. Mbewu ikhoza kusangalatsa mpaka zaka 15-17.
Zopindulitsa kwambiri pobzala izi zosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa fruiting ndi kugwirizana kwa mtengo wokha. Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwake kwa mtengowo ndi kosavuta ngati njira yosamalira mtengo, ndi kukolola.
Mtsogoleri "konorovidnaya" akudulira sizingafunikire, nthambi zokha zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zazikulu kwambiri komanso zokoma, koma chifukwa cha khungu lawo lakuda akhoza kutengedwa kutali.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi skoroplodny. Oyenera kulima m'minda yamakampani ndi pakhomo.
Zofooka ndi zochepa zazikulu nkhuni zimafuna nthawi zonse kumbuyomwinamwake zingagwedezeke pa kulemera kwa zipatso zake. Komanso, imakhala yotentha kwambiri ndipo imakhala yabwino komanso yokonzekera nyengo yozizira. Zomera zachisanu zimakhala zovuta kupirira, choncho ziyenera kubisika asanayambe kuzizira.
Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo kuti kale mu chaka choyamba mutabzala mtengo akhoza kuyamba kuphulika. Komabe, pa nthawiyi simuyenera kusangalala, chifukwa kotuta kotere kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo, chifukwa chake woyamba maluwa akulangizidwa kuti asankhe.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerengera za chisamaliro ndi kubzala kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plums.
Mitundu Yamitundu Yambiri Yokongola
Kukula kwa zipatso za zosiyanasiyana "Blue Sweet" amasangalala ngakhale odziwa wamaluwa. Kulemera kwawo nthawi zambiri kumafikira 75 gm. Zipatso za zipatsozi zimakhala ndi mdima wofiira, chifukwa chake nthawizina zimawoneka zakuda.
Muwonekedwe, ma plums awa ndi oval, ochepa pang'ono. Khungu ndi lalikulu, lilinso ndi sera yamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi khalidwe komanso malingaliro a hypodermic, ndizochepa kwambiri, koma zimapezeka zambiri.
Mphuno ya "Blue Sweet" ili ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena wa pinki (makamaka pafupi ndi khungu), ili ndi madzi ambiri. Kukoma kwa zamkati - zokoma ndi zowawasaamatha kupumula bwino.
Kukula kochepa kwa mwala kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi zamkati. Zipatso za cholinga cha chilengedwe chonse, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano chakudya ndi kukonza pa zolemba zosiyanasiyana, jams, jams.
Okhwima zipatso za zosiyanasiyana pakati pa August.
Mwachibadwa, mtengo wa zosiyanasiyanazi si waukulu. Kutalika kutalika achikulire chonde mtengo uli ndi mamita 2.2 okha. Korona ili ndi piramiidal yopapatiza ndipo imafika pamtunda waukulu wa 70-90 centimita.
Choncho, mtengowu ndi wodetsedwa ndipo umakhala wabwino kwambiri m'munda. Nthambi za mtengo zimapangidwa ngati mikondo yokhala ndi zipatso ndi zowomba, zomwe zimaphimbidwa ndi zipatso panthawi ya fruiting.
Pereka Kalasi iyi ndi yapamwamba, nthawi imodzi ikulola kuti musonkhanitse 12-15 kilogalamu zipatso zazikulu. Mitengo ya mtengo imakhala yokwanira kuti ipirire zipatso zochuluka zedi, koma kusamalidwa mwamphamvu ndi kumangiriza pula pamtengo kudzatchepetsa kwambiri katunduyo pamtengo ndikukupulumutsani ku mavuto.
Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti nthawi zambiri fruiting za zosiyanasiyanazi sizingasamalike, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuti fruiting pa kolchatka ikhoza kusintha.
Zipatso zokongola, zazikulu ndi zokoma za kukoma kokometsetsa bwino ndizo zopindulitsa kwambiri zosiyanasiyana "Blue Sweet". Zipatso zilibe zokambirana zabwino zokha, komanso zimatha kuyenda pamtunda wautali.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mtengowu umakulolani kuyika malo ochepa kwambiri munda wamtengo wapatali wambiri, womwe umafuna pafupifupi kusungirako ndipo ndiwothandiza kwambiri pakukolola.
Varietal varietal, amabweretsa zokolola m'chaka chachiwiri cha kukula. Kukaniza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa chisanu ndipamwamba, ngakhale kuti ndi kochepa kwambiri kwa anthu aatali.
Kuwonjezera "Buluu Bwino" osatha kudzipangiraPachifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mungu kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maula monga "Stanley" kapena "Blue Free". Kuwonjezera apo, pamwamba pa mtengo nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi chisanu, chifukwa chaichi chimatha kugawanika, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe a korona wa mtengo.
Mu zosiyana siyana, monga maulamu "Imperial" nthawi zambiri amasamba mu chaka chodzala. Choncho, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa bwino mtengo wa mtengo ndipo, pakali pano, muthe maluwa onse.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji maulamulirowa?
Kudulira mitengo ya kudulira
Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira, simudzadandaula kwambiri, chifukwa mndandanda wa makinawo sudzawusowa, ndipo ngakhale zochitika sizidzabweretsa mavuto ambiri.
Ndikofunikira kuti muone bwinobwino kukula kwa nsongazo ndikuonetsetsa kuti chisanu chisamawonongeke. Ngati chirichonse chikugwirizana ndi iye, ndiye pa nthawi imodzi yomwe ikukula nyengo mphukira imodzi yokha imachokera kwa iyo, yomwe idzakhala yopitiliza kwa woyendetsa.
Ngati owonetsa awonongeke akuwonekera mpikisano ngati mawonekedwe awiri kapena atatu. Ngati sichichotsedwa, korona sidzapangidwa molondola, ngati nyanga. Choncho, kuchokera kwa mpikisano wothamanga ayenera kusankha imodzi mwazinthu zowonjezereka, ndi zina zonse zochotsa.
Kudulira kungathenso kuchitidwa kuti kuphatikizira mphukira ku zitsime za mitengo ina. Nthambi ikhoza ngakhale kuphatikizidwa ku chitsa cha plums wamba wamba.. Pachifukwachi, amagwiritsa ntchito mphukira za masentimita 15 kapena 20.
Timamera phokosolo
Mu feteleza, mtengo wamtunduwu si makamaka whimsical, koma ayenera kudya nthawi zonse. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, mphukira yamphongo imayenera kudyetsedwa katatu ndi urea. Pa nthawi yomweyi, 50 gm ya fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malita 10 a madzi.
Mtengo umodzi wokwanira 2 malita a zotsatira zake. Kudyetsa kumachitika ndi maulendo otsatirawa:
- 1 - pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mtengo ndi kulowa kwake nyengo yokula;
- 2 - milungu iwiri itatha yoyamba;
- 3 - mu masabata awiri.
M'chaka chachiwiri cha kukula, njira yopanga mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mtengo ikhoza kutsitsimutsidwa mwachidwi ndi kuthandizidwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera. Chifukwa cha ichi, njira yothetsera mankhwala monga heteroauxin imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Ndikofunikira chifukwa kale chaka chachiwiri mtengo ukhoza kubereka zipatso ndipo pofuna kubereka zipatso zabwino, zimayenera kuyamwa zakudya m'nthaka molimbika kwambiri, ndipo izi zimathandizidwa ndi mizu yambiri.
Chilimwe (hafu yoyamba ya June) ndi kasupe kavalidwe angaphatikizepo kuthirira mtengo ndi slurry. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito saltpeter mu chiwerengero cha 1 tbsp. pa ndowa imodzi ya madzi.
Tsopano ponena za kuthirira
Muyenera kuthirira maula nthawi zonse., kulamulira nthaka ya dothi. Pazimenezi, ziyenera kuchitidwa kasupe, komanso m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja. Kuthirira kumakhala kawirikawiri kamodzi kamodzi pamwezi, koma ndi chilala cholimba, nthawi yayitali imachepetsedwa.
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Mapuloteni onga a mtundu wa Colon amatha kukwanira ndi matenda ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana.
Komabe, ngati mtengowo ulibe feteleza, madzi, kapena umakhudzidwa ndi chisanu, umakhala wotengeka kwambiri ndi matenda. Choncho, akulimbikitsidwa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitsuka.
Kupopera mbewu, ndi kotheka kuonjezera zokolola zonse.
Kukonzekera mtengo m'nyengo yozizira
Kutayika kwa colonic, makamaka pa zaka zapakati pa 1-2 ndi kotheka kwambiri mantha otentha kutentha ndipo amafunikira chidwi kwambiri. Kwa nyengo yozizira, muyenera kukonzekera nkhuni bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zomwe zingatheke.
Ndi bwino kukulunga thunthu la mtengo ndi chisanu, ndipo pamtengowo ukhale ndi udzu, udzu, nthambi za mtengo wa firitsi. Zotsatira zoterezi zidzasunga mazira osati kuzizira kokha, komanso kuchokera ku makoswe osiyanasiyana, omwe amadya kwambiri ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu ndi chisanu.
Malamulo ndi zochitika za kubzala maula
Momwe mungasankhire sapling
Mbewu yofanana ndi khola ndi bwino kusankha chaka chimodzi. Ndipotu, mtengo wokhwima kwambiri udzatenga nthawi yayitali komanso yovuta kuti ikhale mizu m'malo atsopano, ikhoza kukhala ndi matenda. Chofunika kwambiri kuti muyambe kuyesa mizu ya mbeuyo ndi kusankha mtengo wathanzi osati zouma, mwinamwake mtengo suvomerezedwa.
Kuyika munda wa colonic wa plums
Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande ziwiri za mzere wozungulira mu mzere umodzi ukhoza kukhala masentimita 30 kapena 40. Mtunda uwu udzakhala wokwanira kuti iwo azikhala bwino ndi kubala zipatso. Komabe, kanjira sayenera kukhala yosachepera mita imodzi, njira yabwino yomwe ingakhale mtunda wa 1.5-2 mamita.
Kufika molunjika
Chenje chodzala colloidal plum mmera chikumba pasadakhale. Mu kukula kwake ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kawiri pa mizu yake, chifukwa pansi musanabzala timatsanulira nthaka yosakaniza ndi feteleza.
Mpaka makilogalamu 100 a superphosphate komanso 80 gramu ya potaziyamu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga feteleza mchere. Komanso, pogwiritsa ntchito dzenje limodzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa 3-4 kilogalamu ya humus. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, feteleza zonse ndi nthaka zimatsanulira pansi pa tsiku lokonzekera, kotero kuti panthawi yomwe mbewuyo yabzalidwa nthakayi ili ndi nthawi yokonza.
Timatsitsa mmera mu dzenje kuti malo ophatikizira akhalebe pamwamba pa nthaka ndipo tigona ndi nthaka popanda kuwonjezera feteleza.
Pambuyo mutabzala, mtengo uyenera kuthiriridwa bwino, chifukwa maula amakonda bwino nthaka.
Pitani kumalo otsika
Kulima mtengo kumalimbikitsidwa masika, chifukwa mtengo umene udabzala m'dzinja sungalekerere porosity yozizira. Ngati inu, pambuyo pa zonse, munaganiza chodzala sapling mu kugwa, ndiye ndibwino kuti muzitsimikize ndi nthaka momwe chisanu chomwe chagwa chikuchiphimba kwathunthu.
Kudzala msipu kumachitika mutatha kutayidwa kwathunthu kwa nthaka. Nthaŵi yabwino ndi masiku 4-5 chisanu chimasungunuka. Koma, pofika sizingachedwe, ziyenera kuchitika masabata awiri otsatirawa.
