Ndikufuna kupeza zachikhalidwe komanso zachizolowezi kusiyana ndi mtengo wa apulo m'munda, koma izi sizingatheke! Ndipo ngakhale ziri choncho, kodi zikutanthauza kuti tikudziwa zambiri za iwo?
Mm, mwinamwake wina amadziwa zambiri, koma sizikutheka kuti ambiri mwa owerenga athu angathe, popanda kuyesayesa kwina, kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo yomwe imayimiridwa ku dziko lathu.
Ndi chiyani? Eya, anaphika maapulo, maapulo, ndi maapulo, ndi madontho a mame, atangotuluka kunthambi?
Tsoka, zolakwika, abwenzi! Kuyambira nthawi yomwe amatipatsa mbewu zawo, mitundu ya apulo ingagawidwe m'dzinja, m'nyengo yozizira komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Talingalirani kupatukana uku mwatsatanetsatane.
Mitundu ya apulo ya m'chilimwe
Papirovka (kudzazidwa koyera)
Kufotokozera: odziwika bwino zachikhalidwe. Maapulo awa amatha kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kawirikawiri, mapepala amakula m'minda yam'munda yomwe ili patali kwambiri ndi midzi, m'nyumba zapanyumba. Mitengo ya apulo imakhala yotalika, kumayambiriro kwa kukula kwa korona mu mawonekedwe awo a piramidi, ndiye mawonekedwe ake amasintha.
Mitundu imeneyi ili ndi makulidwe ambirimbiri, amawamasulira kwambiri. Mtundu wawo (mphukira) ukhoza kutchedwa mafuta a azitona. Mphungu zoyera zimabalalika, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe aatali. Masambawo ndi osasangalatsa, kukula kwake kumakhala kofiira, mtundu ndi wofiirira, mawonekedwe ndi ovoid, pansi ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Maluwa amakhala aakulu, opangidwa ndi msuzi, ophatikizidwa ndi maluwa oyera, masamba a pinki. Makhalidwewa ndi oblong, akulira, atsekedwa m'mphepete.
Maapulo amakula kukula kwapakatikati, mawonekedwe ozungulira, nthawi zambiri ndi nthiti zooneka. Zipatso zazikulu za mtengo umenewu zimakhala ndi maonekedwe atatu. Maapulo ali ndi utoto wobiriwira wonyezimira, wopanda mbiya yofiira. Zomwe ziri kucha, zikhale ndi patina yoyera.
Tsabola ndi yopyapyala, osati yovuta, yosakhwima. Chipatso cha chipatso, pafupipafupi m'litali, chiri m'ng'onoting'ono kakang'ono. Thupi la Papation ndi lachikondi, yowutsa mudyo mokwanira, lotayirira, yoyera mu mtundu, ili ndi kukoma kokoma. Kuchulukanso, thupi la maapulo limakhala losalala.
Maapulo amamera oyambirira - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi August ali okonzeka kudya. Iwo (maapulo) ali ndi chizoloŵezi chowonjezeka chowonongeka ndi otsika transportability. Kuti tisangalatse ndi kotuta Papirovka ikhoza kukhala zaka 4-5 mutabzala.
Ubwino wa mitundu yodziwika: kuphuka koyamba kwa zipatso, ndi kuyambira mofulumira kwa mwayi wobala chipatso. Zina mwazovuta ndizochepa zotsika, kutayika kwa mazira a mdima, komanso kusintha kwa fruiting. Melba
Melba
Kufotokozera: Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyanazi ndi yayitali ndipo imakhala ndi korona. Makungwa a nthambi ali ndi mtundu wa brownish-lalanje. Kutalika kwa mphukira sikunenepa kwambiri. Masamba ndi oblongwa, ophimba pang'ono ndi ovunda. Maluwa aakulu amamera kuchokera ku nyemba ndi pinki. Nkhuta ndizozungulira, kuwala kofiira mu mtundu.
Zipatso zimakhala zosakanikirana, zimakhala zochepetsedwa pang'ono, zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka. Khungu lofewa ndi lofewa lili ndi sera yosavuta. Mtundu wa zipatso za Melba ndi wobiriwira, wofiira.
Tsinde lakufupi, ndodo yaikulu. Thupi loyera la chipale chofewa limakhala ndi mavitamini amphamvu, kukoma kokoma komanso kokoma kwambiri. Mitengo imayamba kubala chipatso pasanathe zaka 4 mutabzala (ndipo ngakhale izo, ndi pambuyo pa zaka zisanu), mosamala.
Zotsatira za Melba N'zotheka kutchula zapamwamba kwambiri, zipatso zabwino ndi zokolola zokwanira. Kuwonjezera pa zonsezi pamwamba, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya chilimwe, Melba amalekerera kuyenda bwino. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kukhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo, osati bwino nyengo yozizira hardiness, nthawi zina fruiting.
Quinty
Kufotokozera: mtengo wamtengo wapatali, wochuluka ndi wowongolera. Nthambi zikuluzikulu ndizopindika, makungwa ndi greenish mtundu. Zipatso zimaonekera kuchokera ku kolchatok. Masamba ali obiriwira mumdima, akuluakulu, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu ozungulira, osatulutsa nthawi zambiri. Mphepete mwa pepala popanda zopanda pake. Maluwa ndi aakulu kapena osapakati, oyera.
Zipatso zimakula chamkati, koma ngati zokolola ndizosauka, maapulo amatha kukula. Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi ozungulira, osiyana-siyana. Mtundu wa zipatso umakhala wobiriwira-wachikasu, nthawi zambiri uli ndi bulauni wofiira kapena wofiira.
Pokolola, thupi limakhala ndi utoto wobiriwira, koma ikafika kukula, imatenga mtundu wokongola. Kukoma kwa maapulo - okoma ndi owawasa, juiciness - okwanira. Zipatso zowonongeka sizikhoza kunama kwa nthawi yaitali - zimasungidwa kwa masiku khumi. Mitengo ya fruiting imayamba mofulumira ndikupereka zokolola zabwino - m'dera la 100-120 makilogalamu.
Ubwino wa Quinty zosiyanasiyana: kuphuka koyamba kwa zipatso, kuthamangira msinkhu wa fruiting, kukana chilala, kutentha, powdery mildew. Zowonongeka ndizo: kutsika kwachisanu chachisanu cha nyengo yochepa m'nyengo ya pakati, kukhwima kwa nkhanambo, kusayenda bwino kwa zipatso ndi kanthawi kochepa.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yoyambirira ya maapulo.
Mitundu ya apulo zosiyanasiyana
Antonovka
Kufotokozera: Mtengo umakula mokwanira, korona ili ndipamwamba kwambiri, yomwe pang'onopang'ono imakhala yozungulira. Fruiting imabwera ndi ziphuphu, zomwe zimakhala ndi nthambi zambirimbiri. Masamba ndi ofiira obiriwira, amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oblong ovoid ndi serrate. Maluwa akuluakulu ndi odzola, mchere ndi ochepa kwambiri, ophatikizana.
Zipatso zimakhala zazikulu kukula, makamaka mawonekedwe omwewo. Tsamba nthawi zambiri ndi lofewa, mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira, kenako umakhala wachikasu. Khungu kapena kopanda, kapena wofatsa. Khungu la pulasitiki ikhoza kukhala dzimbiri. Nyama ndi yachikasu, imakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, yowutsa mudyo. Fungo la zipatso zakupsa si zachilendo, zosayerekezeka.
Kutulutsidwa kwa chipatso, nthawi zambiri, ndi pakati pa September. Maapulo a Antonovka akhoza kusungidwa kwa masiku pafupifupi 90. Fruiting imayamba pambuyo pa 7-8 zaka zitatha budding, ndipo mbeu yonse ikhoza kupezeka mu zaka zina ziwiri. Poyamba, zokolola zimakhala nthawi zonse, zimakhala nthawi zonse. Zomera zozizira za Antonovka zimakhala zapamwamba, komanso zosiyana zimasiyana ndi matenda ochepa.
Ubwino wa Antonovka: zokolola zabwino, kuchuluka kwa chilengedwe chotheka kusintha, kuthekera kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Zowonongeka zingaganizidwe: kanthawi kochepa maululo a maapulo, kusayenerera kwa fruiting.
Spartak
Kufotokozera: Mitengo ya Sredneroslye ili ndi korona wochuluka kwambiri. Kukhoza kukwera. Fruiting ndi zotheka pazipatso zonse. Mphukira zazikulu, zomveka bwino zimakhala ndi zofiira zofiira ndi pubescence. Masamba ndi mawonekedwe oundana, amawonekera mozungulira.
Zipatso zapakati, kukula kwa 100-130 g., Zimakhala zozungulira kapena zozungulira. The peel ndi sing'anga wandiweyani, ndi yosalala pamwamba, kunyezimira. Mtunduwu ndi wachikasu, pang'onopang'ono umakhala wofiira. Thupi liri ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kowawasa, kirimu mtundu, wachifundo.
Zipatso zimachotsedwa kumapeto kwa August - oyambirira September. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito: theka lachiwiri la September - pakati pa November.
Kuipa: Pakutha pa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito pali kuchepa kwa kukoma. Fruiting yogwira ntchito imayamba ndi zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Pakati pa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana zabwino yozizira hardiness, nkhanambo chitetezo, precociousness.
Mackintosh
Kufotokozera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana: mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa fruiting, korona wochepa, shirokoraskidisty. Mitengo ndiyomweyi. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira, mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi chikasu chokasu, chikwangwani pang'ono, pamphepete mwa tsamba ndi pang'ono.
Zipatso za Macintosh ndizopakatilira pamwamba pa sing'anga kukula, mawonekedwewo ndi ophweka, osinthika pang'ono. Mtundu wa zipatso za Macintosh ndi wobiriwira kapena wofiira. Peel ili ndi zokuta sera. Thupi limakhala loyera kwambiri, losakhwima, lowawa kwambiri, limakhala ndi kukoma kokoma komanso zakudya zina.
Amachotsa maapulo a zosiyanasiyana izi mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa September, ndipo ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito masabata atatu. Mu chipinda chozizira, zokolola zikhoza kusungidwa mpaka February. Mitengo yaing'ono imayamba kubereka pambuyo pa zaka 6-7. Chaka chokolola.
Ubwino wa zipatso za Macintosh ndi: kukoma kokoma, kuyenda bwino komanso kutha kwa zipatso. Zowonongeka: otsika yozizira hardiness, mkulu wodwala matenda ndi nkhanambo.
Komanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za autumn mitundu ya maapulo
Mitengo ya apulo yachisanu
Pepin Chavrany
Kufotokozera: Mitengo ya Pepin Chevrana imakula ya usinkhu wa kukula, ndi korona wambiri, yomwe imafuna kupatulira nthawi zonse. Malo opangidwa ndi mbewu ndi kukula. Masamba ang'onoang'ono ali ndi mawonekedwe ophimba ndipo amakhala ndi matte pamwamba.
Zipatso zimakula pakatikati ndi zazing'ono. Maonekedwewo ndi ozungulira, pali chikhomo chochepa. Tsatirani chikasu chobiriwira ndi mdima wofiira. Nyama ndi yowutsa, yandiweyani, imakhala ndi kukoma kwa vinyo komanso zonunkhira zonunkhira.
Zotsatira: Zipatso ziphuka m'nyengo yozizira ndipo zimakhala ndi luso lapamwamba. M'zipinda zozizira, mbewu imatha kusungidwa kwa masiku 220. Pepin Chavranny amayamba kubala chipatso kwa zaka 5-7. Mbewu zimapsa chaka chilichonse. Zolinga zabwino za Pepin Chavran - zokolola zochuluka nthawi zonse, luso lokonzanso bwino, transportability.
Wotsatsa: kuwononga zipatso popanda kudulira, chizoloŵezi chophwanyidwa ndi kukhudzidwa kwa nkhanambo.
Chiwonongeko cha golide
Kufotokozera: Chakudya Chamtengo Wapatali: mtengowu ndi wamtengo wapatali, poyamba uli ndi korona woboola pakati, womwe umayambira pa fruiting umakhala wozungulira mawonekedwe ndi nthambi zowonongeka, pazaka zambiri, ndikugwedezeka kwambiri pa zolemera za mbewu. Fruiting ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. The mphukira ndi sing'anga wandiweyani ndi pang'ono curved. Nthambi zimakhala ndi mphodza zazikulu.
Masamba ndi ovundala, ali ndi maziko ozungulira ndi nsonga yaing'ono. Mtundu wa leaf ndi wobiriwira, pamwamba pake ndi kowala komanso kosalala. Masamba amakula pa petioles yaitali. Maluwawo ndi osakanikirana, osakanika, oyera ndi pang'ono pinki tinge.
Zipatso zimakonda sing'anga, nthawi zina zazikulu. Maapulo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, khungu ndi louma, lolimba komanso lolimba. Mtundu wa khungu ndi golide wonyezimira ndi wachikasu mu dziko lopsa. Mnofu wa zipatso zochotsedwa zokha ndi zowirira, zowutsa mudyo, zimakhala zokoma komanso zobiriwira, ndipo zitatha kugona zimakhala zowonongeka, zimakhala zochepa.
Mbewuyo imakololedwa kumapeto kwa September, ndipo ikhoza kusungidwa mpaka pakati pa masika. Fruiting imayamba m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu ndipo nthawi zonse, ndi bwino kusamalira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino, koma ndi yopanda nzeru mu chilala.
Ubwino wa Chokoma Chagolide: mkulu wa zipatso, oyambirira ndi mkulu fruiting, kukana scab. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Zowonongeka - nthawi yeniyeni ya mbewu, chizoloŵezi chogonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew ndikufuna nthawi yosungirako.
Malangizowo ambiri pa chisamaliro ndi kubzala mitengo ya apulo
Nthawi yokhala Mitengo iyi ikhoza kusankhidwa nthawi zonse mumasika komanso m'dzinja. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kusankha malo abwino, monga mitengo ya apulo ili yofunika kwambiri. Mukamabzala mitengo yaying'ono, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti malo otsika komanso malo osungirako madzi osungirako pansi sali oyenerera cholinga chathu.
Komanso, dothi lamchere ndi lamchere silimagwira ntchito, ndipo mitengo ya apulo idzakhala yabwino kwambiri pa nkhalango zakuda, chernozem ndi sod podzolic dothi.
Mwezi umodzi musanabzala apulo muyenera kukonzekera bowo lodzala, onjezerani feteleza organic kunthaka. Kutulukira dzenje ayenera kukhala otero kuti mizu ikhale yopanda phokoso. Lembani pansi mosamala kuti musawononge mizu.
Muzu wa mizu Mitengo iyenera kuchoka pansi kwa 4-5 masentimita. Ndibwino kuti mugulitse nthaka ndi manja anu kuti muzitha kuyanjana bwino ndi mizu. Mutabzala, zidebe 3-4 za madzi ziyenera kutsanulidwa pansi pa mbeu.
Kubzala kawirikawiri amasankha mbande yazaka ziwiri, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi 60-70 cm, ali ndi masentimita 50 masentimita. Koma, mosamvetsetseka, ndi bwino kuti azizoloŵera mbande za pachaka zomwe zimayenera kubwezedwa mwamsanga mutabzala, mutabzalidwa kumapeto, kapenanso masika, mutabzala.
Ngati mizu yawonongeka, iyenera kudulidwa ndikusiya minofu yathanzi yokha. Pofuna kupewa kuyanika mizu, ayenera kuviikidwa mudothi lopangidwa ndi dongo ndi mullein.
Pakatikati mwa dzenje, perekani msomali, zomwe zidzatsimikiziranso kukhazikika kwa mbeu. Pansi pamakhala ndi chisakanizo cha humus, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate. Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka yozungulira nyemba imayendetsedwa ndi humus ndi utuchi.
Kukonza kumachitika ndi cholinga chopukuta korona. Kwa mitengo yochepa ya nthambi, kufupikitsa kumachitika. Chaka chilichonse, wamaluwa amachita mwatsatanetsatane kudulira kuthandizira kukula.
Kudula mitengo yokalamba Gwiritsani ntchito, ngati kuchepa kwapakati pa 30-40 masentimita kumachepa. Kudulira kumadulidwa nthambi zambiri, komabe chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti nthambi zapamwamba sizitali kuposa za m'munsi. Nthambi zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona zimakhalanso zochepetsetsa panthawi yopuma.
Choyamba chitetezo zomwe zinkayambe kusanayambe kuyamwa. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo ndi osakaniza mazana asanu ndi awiri a urea ndi khumi malita a madzi, koma muyenera kusamala ndikuchita njirayi mpaka impso ziwonekere, kuti musapewe kuyaka. Pofuna kuchepetsa tizilombo tosuntha, kamodzi pa mwezi tigwiritsire ntchito mankhwala okonzekera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Kuonjezera zotetezera katundu chifukwa cha matenda komanso chifukwa cha nyengo, mitengo ya apulo iyenera kupopedwa ndi Ecoberin kapena Zircon. Pofuna kupeŵa kufalikira kwa nkhanambo, mitengo ya apulo iyenera kuthiridwa ndi fungicides. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa matenda a cortex, chifukwa Zingayambitse vuto losalephereka.
