Kukula bwino ndi fruiting ya mitengo ya zipatso m'munda, iwo ayenera kukulira mwa kusamalira ndi kusamalira iwo. Chimodzi mwa magawo ofunika kwambiri a chisamaliro chotere ndi kudulira mitengo yamaluwa. Lamuloli silidutsa mtengo wa apurikoti, umene uli wofunika kwambiri ndipo uli ndi nthambi zambiri, koma nthawi imodzimodziyo nthambi zosinthasintha.
Kotero kuti korona wa mtengo sukula, ndipo idayamba kubala zipatso mwamsanga, sapling ikuchitika kudulira pachaka kwa nthambi. Kudulira zipatso ndi mtengo wakale kale. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika ndi cholinga chobwezeretsa mtengo ndikuletsa kukula kwa nthambi zake. Momwemo molondola, ndi liti kuti tichite izi, ife tikufotokoza pansipa.
Pafupi ndi Apricot Trimming Scheme
Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa mitundu yomwe ilipo, yomwe yagawanika kudulira, kulamulira, kubwezeretsa, kubwezeretsa komanso kusunga. Choncho, mtengo wawung'ono umapangidwira kudulira, womwe umawathandiza kupanga mawonekedwe a korona wake, kuti ukhale ndi ntchito yowonjezera mphamvu ya nthambi ndikupeza fruiting yamtengo wapatali.
Ntchito yaikulu ya kudulira mitengo ndikuteteza zokololazo mu ndalama zomwe zimapindula ndikuletsa kukula kwa mtengo kufooketsa.
Kubwezeretsa kudulira kumachitidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo kukula kwa nthambi, kuti ziwonekere maonekedwe a achinyamata, zowonjezereka ku fruiting, kulumikiza katundu wa mbewu, ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa ubwino wa zipatso.
Kukonza kubwezeretsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakakhala kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi kuzizira kwa mtengo.
Mitundu yonse ya kuduliraMonga lamulo, musagwiritse ntchito nokha, koma kuphatikiza wina ndi mzake.
Cholinga chimodzi chokhalira nthambi za apricoti ndicho kupanga korona wake, komanso kupanga mphukira zatsopano chaka chilichonse. Zowonongeka imodzi ndi zina zimapangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo linalake lomwe mumayenera kudziwa.
Krone mtengo wamapurikoti nthawi zambiri yowonongeka ndi njira yochepa . Koma pali njira zingapo zopangira korona wa mtengo. Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe imatchulidwa kuti ndipamwamba bwino ndi mbale yokhala ndi imodzi yokha, komanso kupanga mtengo mu malo omwe sali ochepa, iyi ndi njira yomwe imatchulira korona.
Kupanga korona wa mtengo mwa njira yocheketsedwera pang'ono kumapangidwanso pakukula nthambi 5-7 zoyambirira ndi nthawi ya 35-40 masentimita pakati pawo. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito korona ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati n'kofunikira kupeza fruiting yoyambirira ya mtengo, komanso kukolola kwapamwamba.
Kupanga korona wa apricot kumayamba ndi nthambi zodula zomwe zili pa 0.9 mamita kuchokera pansi. Choyamba, nthambi ziwiri zimadulidwa pakati, zomwe zili pamzere waukulu. Ndiye ena onse amachotsedwa pamphepete, pamene amasiya kokha wopanga 20-25 masentimita pamwamba pa nthambi zazikulu. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, amayala nthambi kumbali yambiri, ndi nthambi zomwe sizing'ono.
Chaka chotsatira, kuika nthambi zazikulu kumapitirira, kuyambira pa 35-45 masentimita, kuti apange gawo lachiwiri la nthambi, osayiwala dongosolo la kugwirizanitsa kwa nthambi ndi pakatikati. Nthambi zosafunikira zikukula pa thunthu zimakhala zopitirira kuzifupikitsa, ngakhale zili zolimba nthambi imodzi ya chaka chimodzi 60 cm yaitali kudula mpaka theka kutalika, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zowonjezereka ndi zazing'ono sizidula konse. Wotsogolera wamkulu amadulidwa pamwamba pa nthambi yomwe imamaliza kutha.
Apurikoti ololera amadulidwa kuti awunikire mtengo, pamene akuchotsa nthambi zomwe zimakula mkati mwa chomeracho ndikuchikuta. Kudulira kumathandizanso kuti pakhale kukula kwa mphukira zamphamvu, zomwe kenako zimapanga zipatso, komanso kuteteza mbewu kuwonjezeka ndi alopecia za nthambi zake.
Palinso mitengo yowonongeka yomwe imabweretsanso, yomwe imachitika ngati kuimitsa kukula kwa mphukira.
Kudulira kotereku kumachokera pa luso lapamwamba la apurikoti kuti ayambe kuchira. Kudulira kumachitika pokhapokha ngati mphukira za mtengowo wafika pamtunda kufika masentimita 30. Njirayi ikuchitika mwa kutumiza nthambi zowonjezereka kumalo ozungulira kukula kwa mphukira.
Kuwombera apurikoti m'dzinja
Mtengo wa apricot ndi wosiyana ndi mitengo ina ya zipatso ovary yake sichitsanulira payekha, ndipo kuchokera ku zambiri za inflorescences zipatso zipse. Mbali imeneyi ya mtengo wa chipatso ichi imabweretsa zipatso zambiri, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti chikhalidwe chawo chiwonongeke komanso kuthyola nthambi zake.
Choncho, pofuna kusunga mtundu wabwino ndi wabwinobwino wa zipatso, masamba ndi nthambi za mtengo, ziyenera kuchitika nthawi yake yophukira kudulira. Kugwa kumapanga kupanga, kukhazikitsa ndi kubwezeretsa kudulira.
Kodi ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi yotani?
Kudulidwa kwadzinja kwa mtengo wa apricot kumakhala mu October, komanso makamaka pakati. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, si mitundu yonse ya apricot yomwe imadulidwa m'dzinja, koma mbewu zoyambirira komanso zapakati pa mbeuyi.
Kubwezeretsedwa kwa kukula mu mtengo kumachitika ndi kudula kwakukulu kwa nkhuni zosatha. Momwemo, m'zaka ziwiri ndi zitatu mutabzala mtengo, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a nthambi za zipatso zimachotsedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosawerengeka yomwe imapanga nthambi 5-6 za mafupa. Panthawiyi, akatswiri wamaluwa amalimbikitsanso kuti zikhale ndi nthambi zazikulu, zomwe zinaonekera 12-15 masamba.
Mbewu zazomera zambiri zimatambasulidwa mpaka masentimita 50. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kudula pamtengo kumapangidwa ndi macheka, mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, kapena shears, pochita izi mosamala, kuti asakhudze nkhuni. Ndikofunika kuti tipeze magawo onse atadulidwa ndi munda wokonzedwa kale.
Yophukira ikudulira ma apricot
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe amatha kupanga mawonekedwe, ukhondo, komanso mtengo wa apricot wokalamba. Apurikoti amaikidwa mofanana ndi korona monga momwe amafunira, kupanga mbale, palmette kapena shrub. Pankhaniyi, ndimagwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe kakang'ono ka katatu.
Mu kasupe, mtengo wa zipatso umadulidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kudula kumapangidwa pa impsoyomwe ili pambali yomwe ili moyang'anizana ndi malo ophatikizidwa. Izi zimachitidwa kuti zisunge kukula kwa mtengo waukulu.
Ntchito ya mdulidwe wa mderali pambuyo pake ndi kuwongolera zofooka zomwe zilipo mu kapangidwe ka korona wachinyamata, kudziwa malo, kuchuluka kwake, ndi mphamvu zomwe nthambi zazikulu zikukula, kuonetsetsa kuti akutsogolera.
Pa nthawi yochekerera masika
Kudula mitengo ya apurikoti kumatuluka pambuyo pa kutentha, mpaka masamba oyambirira akuwoneka.
Kudulira koyamba kwa mtengo mutabzalidwa kumachitika pazaka zapakati pa masabata atatu kapena anayi kuyambira pachiyambi cha nyengo yokula.
Ngati zidutswa ziwiri za chilimwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza munda, chodulira choyamba chimapangidwanso kumayambiriro kasupe, chaka chodzala. Panthawiyi, nthambi sizingapindule kwambiri, ndipo mitengo yomwe siidulidwe, chifukwa cha kukula kwa masamba kumadera akuluakulu, idzakhala ndi rhizome yamphamvu.
Kudulira zonyansa ndi kuyeretsa korona youma, kukula molakwika, thickening nthambi Zitha kupangidwa pa magawo onse a chitukuko cha mtengo nthawi iliyonse.
Kudulira mtengo wa apurikoti m'chilimwe
M'chilimwe, mitengo ya zipatso ya apricot imatsitsidwanso. Kudula mitengo yamaluwa a apurikoti kumathandizira kupanga mapangidwe ambiri a nthambi zatsopano ndi kudumpha kwa mbali zopanda kanthu za nthambi za chigoba ndi chigoba.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokolola kumapereka kukula kwakukulu kwa mtengo, chomera chimakhala ndi nthawi yobwezeretsa chiyero chake, ndikuyika masamba obala pamphuno yachiwiri. Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yokolola, kukula kwachiwiri sikuchitika, ndipo mtengo sumalala maluwa, pomwe tsamba lake limachepa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mabalawo amachitidwa m'chilimwe, kuchiritsa bwino.
Nthawi yotentha ya chilimwe
Kudulirazomwe zimabweretsanso nkhuni kutuluka kumayambiriro kwa June. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chaka chitatha kudulira, fruiting ikuwonjezeka, zipatso zimakhala zazikulu komanso zowonjezereka, ndipo chiwerengero cha nkhuni chimachepa. Zotsatira za kudulira chilimwe zingakhale zosangalatsa zaka zitatu. Kotero, izo zikuchitika kwa zaka zitatu kamodzi.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ngati mtengo ulibe chinyezi kapena kudya zakudya zokwanira, kudulira mu June sikuli koyenera, izi zikhoza kuwononga kwambiri chikhalidwe cha mbewu.
Zida ziti zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito
Pokonzekera munda, woyang'anira munda akuyenera kupeza zida zofunika.
Ndiyomwe, chifukwa cha kusamalira mitengo ya zipatso osati osati kokha, nkofunika:
- mpweya kapena dzanja pruner
- munda, kukopera ndi inoculum kuphatikiza mipeni
- fayilo yamunda
- fayilo ya katatu
- phala yapadera
- kuwongolera lamba ndi kudula nsonga
- chimwala ndi bar
- twine pofuna kupeza nthambi
- chifukwa chovula zilonda zam'mimba
- Njira yotsekera (var var, pepi)
Timakonza zipangizo zogwirira ntchito
Choyamba, zonse chidachi chiyenera kukonzedwa bwino. Kukulitsa munda, okulirovochny ndi kopulirovochny mpeni kuyamba kuchotsa chamfer. Mu mipeni yotere, monga lamulo, ili pambali imodzi. Iyo imagawidwa mpaka iyo ikuwoneka kuchokera ku mbola ya tsamba mpaka ku chiguduli, ngakhale ngongole yopanda malire ndi mapulumuko.
Pambuyo pake, mpeni wakuwombera ukupitirirabe pa bar. Pofika pamapeto pake, tsamba la mpeni, lomwe lilipo, limakanikizidwa ndi bar kapena logi pamwamba pa nkhope yonse, panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikuyendetsa kutsogolo ndi kumtunda, kuyambira kumapeto kwa tsamba mpaka kutsogolo kutsogolo. Kumbali inayi, kuti tipeĊµe kuzimitsa, panthawi ino, konzekerani pang'ono tsamba la tsamba.
Pambuyo pake, mpeni umayendetsedwa ndi miyala. Pakuwongolera, bala ndi gudumu zimanyozedwa ndi madzi ambiri. Izi zimachitidwa kuchotsa utuchi wochokera ku iron ndi carborundum ndi ma graphite.
Mpeni wophatikizapo umakonzedwanso pamtanda umene wakhala utakonzedwa kale ndi phala yapadera. Ngati kuwongolera kwa chidachi chikufanana ndi luso la lumo, liri lokonzeka kugwira ntchito. Ngati mpeni wa m'munda suli wosakanikirana, umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gudumu kakang'ono, pomwe ali pantchito, ndipo mipeni ya inoculation ikulamulira pambali pa lamba.
Zilonda zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka zatsopano zinasokonezeka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo motsatira ndondomeko ndi malamulo omwe akuwongolera tsamba, monga munda wa mipeni. Mukasonkhana, chida chimayang'ana momwe chimagwirira ntchito.
Purezidenti wokhazikitsidwa bwino ali ndi mfundo ziwiri zokha zomwe zimagwirizanitsa tsambalo ndi mbale ya mthunzi: pafupi ndi chiwonetsero cha kanyumba ndi pafupi pamwamba pa ngodya pomwe tsamba ndi mbale zimatsutsana. Ngati mulibe chithandizo chotere, m'pofunika kuti muzimitse mtedza, ndipo ngati secator imatsegula ndi kutseketsa mwamphamvu, ndiye mutulutse. Kukulitsa ndi kuveka pruner pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, gwirani popanda kusokoneza.
Masamba a maluwa akukonzekera kugwira ntchito, kufalitsa moyenera mano ake. Pofika pamapeto pake, dzino limodzi la sylegon limakonzedwa kumanzere, kumbali yakumanja, ndi zina zotero. Pankhaniyi, mbali yowongoka ya dzino iyenera kukhala mkati. Kuwongolera mbali kumasungidwa mofanana kwa mano onse.
Pofuna kupewa zolakwitsa, owonawo amaukitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi mpaka pamaso, ndipo amawoneka ngati mano ali kunja kwa mzere. Ndipo ngati n'koyenera, mwamsanga mwakonzekera. Ngati mpiringidzo ikuchitika molondola, mizere ya mano imakhala yoonekera bwino, ndi selo looneka pakati pawo.
Pamwamba pa mano, machekawo ayenera kukhala nthawi imodzi ndi theka lalikulu kuposa kukula kwake. Ngati mwadzidzidzi nkukhala wotsika, fayilo idzapanikizana, ndipo ngati yowonjezera, kudulidwa sikudzakhala kofanana. Manowa amalongosoledwa ndi fayilo pokhapokha m'mphepete mwa mbali yomwe ili mkati.
Kusamalira zida kumathandiza kwambiri.
N'zosatheka kuti panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chida ndi chopusa kwambiri. Pambuyo pomaliza ntchito, kuchokera ku chida chonse choyeretsa dothi ndikuchipukuta. Ngati simukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito chida kwa nthawi yayitali, kuti muteteze dzimbiri, m'pofunikira kuyatsa ziwalo zake zonse zitsulo.
Chitsime pa secateurs chichotsedwa, chimasungidwa mosiyana. Ngati dzimbiri likupezekabe pa chida nthawi yosungirako, iyenera kuyeretsedwa bwino ndi kuyiranso.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimadulira mitengo ya apricot?
Pokumbukira zochitika zowonongeka, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira za zotsatira zake. Choncho, kudulira kumathandiza kwambiri ngati:
- Cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa ntchito zina;
- ngati izo zikuchitidwa molingana ndi malamulo a kukula ndi kubala kwa mtengo;
- ngati izo zikuchitidwa, kuganizira momwe zingathetsere kanthu kwa kulandira kwake kwa mtengo wa mtundu wopatsidwa, zaka ndi chikhalidwe;
- ngati pakudulira iwo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo, pokhapokha, ndi kusokonezeka pang'ono kwa chikhalidwe chomera, zimatifikitsa pafupi ndi njira yothetsera vutoli;
- ngati kudulira kwachitika nthawi yabwino;
- ngati kudulira kumapangidwe pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri wa agrotechnical pamodzi ndi ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi matabwa ndi nthaka;
- ngati mukudulira, muli ndi zodziwika bwino ndi nkhuni ndi zipangizo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira, ndifunikanso kulingalira za kukula kwa fruiting ndi mtengo wa apricot. Onani kuti nF masamba onse mu kasupe amatengedwa kukula. Ena a iwo samadzutsa.
ChiĊµerengero cha masamba omwe anafalikira ku chiwerengero chomwe sichinafalikire, koma chomwe chinayikidwa pa nthambi yamphamvu ya chaka chimodzi, chimapangitsa kuti impso zichitike. Zowonongeka kwambiri, mitengoyo imakonzedwa kuti ipange nthambi zazing'ono, zopanda kanthu.
Pa masamba omwe adadzuka, adapanga masamba a rosettes ndi mphukira za kutalika ndi cholinga. Chiwerengero cha nthambi zotalika za mtundu wa vegetative chimasonyeza mphamvu za maphunziro za mtengo. Kukula kwakukulu kwa mtengo, kumatulutsa nthawi.
Kupitiliza kutero, pakudulira mitengo, munthu ayenera kukumbukira za kuthekera kwake (zosiyana siyana) ndi zenizeni (pa nthawi yokula, nyengo ya zomera) budding ya masamba ndi pooregoobrazovatelnuyu kuthetsa kulemera kwa korona mmalo mwa rarefaction yake, ndipo, mosiyana, osati zosawerengeka ndi zosawerengeka korona.
Pozindikira kuti amatha kuphuka, mphukira zamphamvu zomwe zimaoneka pakati pa madzi, zimasokoneza, zomwe zimakalamba, zowonongeka kapena kuzizira, sizimaganiziridwa.
Zomera zimatha kukula nthambi zowonjezereka pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi komanso osati nthambi. Makhalidwe amenewa amatha kutchedwa kuti tiered ndipo amaganiziridwa panthawi yomwe amapanga ndi kudulira mitengo.
Kuwonjezera pa zomwe tafotokoza pa nthambi ya mtengo, ndifunikanso Musaiwale za malangizo ndi mphamvu za kukula kwa nthambichifukwa zimakhudza korona, kukula kwake, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso ndi masamba.
Perekani moyo wanu wautali kwa nthawi yaitali, kutsatira malingaliro onse operekedwa. Ndipo chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro, kupatula zosangalatsa ndi zosangalatsa, zidzabweretsanso kukolola kokwanira.
