Mitundu iyi ili ndi mayina ambiri. Mungathe kumakomana naye ngati "South Coast" wokoma, ndi "South Coast Red", ndi "Bigarro Diber" (polemekeza wolima munda amene amafalitsa).
Koma komabe, kutchuka kwa Cherries "Diber Black" kwambiri ndikofunika kwa zipatso zake zokongola ndi zokoma.
Tidzakudziwitsani zinthu zake, malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira.
Mbali zosiyana za chipatso
Okhwima yamatcheri a zosiyanasiyana izi ndi zazikulu. Kulemera kwawo ndi pafupifupi 6-7 magalamu. Maonekedwe awo akhoza kufotokozedwa ngati mtima wonse. Chipatsochi chimadziwikanso ndi ndodo yaikulu komanso nsonga yosavuta.
Kuphulika kwa pamwamba pa chipatso sikungatheke. Mu yakucha zipatso zotheka zimakhala zakuda ndi zofiira. Pali pinki ya pinki.. Zosaoneka pamwamba pa chipatso zimapangidwa ndi suture yomwe imayenda motsatira mbali imodzi ya chitumbuwa.
Mnofu ku nthawi yakukula umakhalanso wakuda ndi wofiira. Kuonjezerapo, ndizomwe zimakhala zabwino mu zipatso zokhwima, lili ndi madzi ambiri wofiira kwambiri. Kulawa thupi ndi lokoma ndi pang'ono wowawasa kukoma. Magalamu 100 a chitumbuwa chokhala ndi pafupifupi 7.3 mg wa vitamini C.
Mwala wa khanda uli ndi kukula kwakukulu, poyerekeza ndi misala yonse ya mwanayo, zimatengera 7%. Kuphatikizanso apo, fupa silinali losiyana ndi zamkati. Tsinde ndilo lalitali, pafupifupi masentimita 4.
Kukhwima zipatso kumapezeka nthawi imodzi.Izi sizimayambitsa mavuto ndi chiyambi cha zokolola. Malingana ndi cholinga chawo, yamatcheri okoma amatchulidwa monga mchere.
Kufotokozera kwa mtengo wa chitumbuwa "Diver Black"
Mtengo mu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zotchedwa cherries. Mtengo wamtundu wachikulire nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi usinkhu kapena waukulu. Korona ili ndi nthambi zambirimbiri.
Umaso ndi wolimba. Masambawa ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amamera m'munsi mwake ndipo amakhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa.
Zokolola zoyamba zimayamba kubweretsa chaka chachisanu chokha mutabzala. Nthawi yamaluwa imabwera nthawi yambiri. Kukolola kumayambira kumapeto kwa June ndi kumayambiriro kwa July.
Pereka mitundu "Diber Black" kwambiri. Kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi umene ukukula m'dera la Crimea, pafupifupi zipatso zokwana 90 kilo za zipatso zokolola zimakololedwa. Komabe, chiwerengero chapamwamba ndi 170 kilograms.
Kugawo la Krasnodar, mtengo wokolola wa mtengo wa chitumbuwa, womwe uli m'nthawi ya fruiting, ndi wochepa kwambiri ndipo umakhala ndi maola 70-80 okha.
Makhalidwe a mphukira
Mphukira yomwe imapanga pamtengo mumasika imakhala yolunjika komanso imakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira. Pa mphukira anapanga maluwa kuti apange inflorescences. Mmodzi inflorescence akhoza kukhala ndi 2-3 maluwa. Maluwawo ndi aakulu, ndipo amakhala ndi mazira ovunduka kwambiri.
Maonekedwe a maluwa a duwa ndi galasi. Anthers ali pamwamba pa tsankhu, motero ndikuphimba.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana
Yamakiti "Daybera Black" amadziwika ndi zipatso zake zokoma ndi zazikulu. Amagwiritsidwira ntchito palimodzi pa chakudya mwa mawonekedwe opangira, komanso pokonzekera ku compotes ndi preserves. Onetsani bwino.
Komanso, phindu lalikulu ndilo zokolola kwambiri mitundu, yomwe ikuluikulu imaperekedwa ndi kukula kwake kwa mtengo. Kukhwima zipatso kumapezeka nthawi imodzi kumapeto kwa June, kumayambiriro kwa July.
Zovuta za Cherries "Diber Black"
Zosasamala zokhazokha. Mitundu yotereyi monga "Bigarro Gaucher", "Jabule", "Ramon Oliva", "Godelfinger" ndi yoyenera kuwonetsetsa kwake.
Mphungu Yakuda, Francis, Cassini Yoyamba ndi Yamtengo Wapatali Gold imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zomera zachisanu za mtengo ndi maluwa ndizochepa, koma kutsika kwa kutentha pansi pa madigiri 24 kungakhale pafupi. Komanso, m'zaka zabwino zowonjezera matenda opatsirana, nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi coccomycosis komanso mphumu yovuta kwambiri ya mphumu.
Komanso, zipatso zowola zimenezi zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pa zipatso.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga zakumapeto kwa mitundu yamatcheri okoma.
Mfundo zoyambirira za kubzala Cherry "Diber Black"
Monga mtengo wina wamaluwa, chitumbuwa chokoma chili ndi zofunikira zokha. Ndipotu, si kukula kokha kwa mbande, koma kukolola kwam'tsogolo kudzadalira izi. Pambuyo pa zonse, kuwonjezera pa nthawi ndi zizindikiro za kubzala mwachindunji, ndikofunikira kusankha malo abwino ndi oyenerera, komanso kusankha mbeu yabwino.
Tidzayesa kufotokoza mfundo zofunikira zonse za kubzala yamatcheri "Diber Black."
Ndi nthawi yanji yabwino kubzala yamatcheri?
Yamatcheri okoma zabwino kwambiri chomera kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ndi nthawi yomwe amatha kukhazikika pamalo atsopano, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa mphukira zachinyamata zimayamba kukula pa kamera kakang'ono.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kudzala chitumbuwa chokoma chimayima molunjika atatha kusungunuka kwathunthu kwa chisanupamene nthaka imakhala yoyenera kubwerera. Komanso, sikuli bwino kuchepetsa vutoli, mwinamwake, pambuyo pake, mutengowo sungakhoze kuima mizu, pali chiopsezo chachikulu chokhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Yophukira imalandiriranso chifukwa chodzala yamatcheri. Mtengo uwu ukuwopa kwambiri kutentha, ndipo ukhoza kuvutika kwambiri kuchokera ku chisanu cha chisanu. Kuwonjezera apo, ngakhale sapling pachaka yamatcheri okoma amakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu komwe kuli kovuta kupirira chisanu.
Timasankha malo abwino
Mofanana ndi maula, chitumbuwacho ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuwopa mphepo yamphamvu ndi yozizira. Chifukwa chake chimadalira kuti iwo amatha kudula maluwa onse a mtengo komanso kuti amathera zipatso.
Choncho, malo abwino kwambiri kubzala yamatcheri ndi amodzi komwe kulibe mphepo zakumpoto. Choncho, sankhani dera lomwe lili ndi mapiri okwera kwambiri kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo. Ndiponso, chitumbuwa chiyenera kukhala mizu m'deralo, ngati chibzalidwa kumwera kwa nyumbayo.
Ndiponso Cherry yamakono amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi zipatso zoipa m'malo amdima. Popeza mtengo umenewu ndi wachikondi, mutabzala, nthawi zambiri amatenga malo okwezeka (ndithudi, palibe chifukwa chofuna kuyang'ana phiri), kumapanga malo ambiri.
Mitengo ya dothi
Mitengo yamakono imakonda nthaka yachonde, yomwe imatha kulidyetsa, kuonetsetsa kukula kwa mitengo ndi zipatso. Pakuyenera kukhala mpweya wambiri ndi chinyezi m'nthaka. Komabe, ngalande iyenera kukhala yabwino kuti madzi asamwe madzi kapena mvula yambiri isakhale kwa nthawi yaitali pafupi ndi mizu ya mtengo.
Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa nthaka yamatcheri otsekemera ndi sing'anga-loam, ndipo dothi lopanda mchenga ndiloyenera. Mulimonsemo musayese kubzala yamatcheri okoma kwambiri mu dongo dothi, pa peatlands kapena m'malo omwe ali ndi mchenga.
Musaiwale kuti pambali imodzi chitumbuwa chokoma chimakonda dothi lonyowa, ndipo sichimera mizu ya mchenga yowuma komanso yopanda mphamvu, koma, mbali ina, madzi akumwa angayambitse mizu yake.
Pankhani ya mitundu yosiyana ya nthaka yosafunika, mtengo sungakhoze kukula mpaka kukula kwake, ndipo ngati padzakhala fruiting, zili kutali ndi zomwe talemba mu gawo pa zokolola za yamatcheri okoma "Diver Black".
Mfundo ina yofunika posankha malo yobzala yamatcheri ndi madzi akuya.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyi 1.5 mamita awo omwe akuchitika. Apo ayi, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukumba ngalande zapadera zamakono pa tsamba lanu, momwe madzi onse owonjezera omwe angawononge chitumbuwa chokoma adzatulutsa.
Musaiwale zimenezo kalasi Yamakiti "Sungani Black" ndi wodzichepetsa. Choncho, kuti mupeze zokolola, yamatcheri ena ayenera kukula pa siteti, yomwe ingakhale yoyambitsa mungu.
Pali zokambirana pakati pa wamaluwa ngati kaya chitumbuwa chingakhale pollinator ya cherries okoma.
Popeza malingaliro awo ali ogawanika, ndipo ena amanena kuti zabwino fruiting yamatcheri, yamatcheri amayenera kugwirizana nawo, pamene ena amasonyeza kuti yamatcheri sangakhale abwino pollinator wa yamatcheri, akadakali bwino kubzala zipatso zamatcheri koposa kusabzala palibe, kapena mitundu imodzi yokha yamatcheri.
Timasankha sapling yabwino
Malangizo a wamaluwa kuti agule mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa chitumbuwa sapling ndi wodabwitsa mu autumn, ngakhale ife timabzala kokha masika. Ndi nthawi ino ya msika pa msika njira yosavuta yothandizira mitundu yambiri ndi nambala yawo.
Choncho, ngakhale tikufuna kugula zokhazokha za "Diber Black", tidzatha kusankha njira yabwino pakati pa mbande zoperekedwa.
Zabwino ndi zopindulitsa Mitengo ya Cherry iyenera kuphatikizidwa, chifukwa cha nyemba zomwe zinachokera mumwalawu, sizikutheka kuti mtengo wosiyanasiyana umakula ndi zipatso zazikulu, zapamwamba kwambiri. Choncho, posankha sapling, yang'anani mtengo wake ndikuyang'ana malo omwe mungapeze katemera.
Posankha mtengo, ndikofunika kumvetsera osati zaka zingati, koma mizu yake ndi yotani. Ndipotu, chitumbuwacho chikhoza kubzalidwa chaka chimodzi ndi zaka ziwiri, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti mizu yake ikhale yaikulu ndipo ikhale ndi nthambi zambiri.
Chonde dziwani kuti kutalika kwa mbeu ya chitumbuwa chaka chimodzi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 70-80, ndipo mwana wa zaka ziwiri ali pafupi mamita.
Pofuna kuyenda bwino, mizu ya mmera imadzazidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa, komanso pamwamba pake ndi mafuta. Ngati munagula iyo kugwa, ndiye m'nyengo yozizira, kanizani mtengo wawung'ono mu dzenje laling'ono, kotero kuti ngakhale chipale chofewa chogwera chingathe kuziphimba kwathunthu.
Mpaka kasupe, mbewuyo idzakhalabe yabwino mu malo awa, ndipo mutatha kasupe idzayamba kuyamba mwamsanga.
Ndondomeko yoyenera ya kuika kabuku ka zipatso ka chitumbuwa
Mukamabzala chitumbuwa mbande ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti muone kukula kwa kukula kwawo. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Diber Black" ili ndi mtengo wamtali, kuti kukula bwino ndi fruiting mtunda wabwino kwambiri pakati pa mitengo ya mzere umodzi ukhale mamita 3.
Komabe, maipata ayenera kukhala ochuluka kwambiri. Njira yabwino kwambiri yamatcheri a kukula uku kungakhale mtunda wa mamita asanu.
Kufotokozera za njira yobzala mbande
Kukonzekera chodzala yamatcheri ayenera kuyamba pasadakhale, kuganizira zochitika za nthaka yobzala. Ngati timabzala mtengo kumapeto, timakonzekera nthaka kugwa. Ngati nthaka pa tsamba lanu ndi ya mitundu yomwe tilembera monga yosakonzedwera kubzala zipatso zamatcheri, zikhoza kukhala bwino.
Dongo losakanikirana ndi mchenga wa mtsinje, ndipo dothi limaphatikizidwa ku mchenga, mosiyana. Mwachizoloŵezi chiwembu chonse chodzala yamatcheri ayenera kukumbapamene akubweretsa dothi la 1 mamita 8-10 kilogalamu ya humus. N'zotheka kubwezeretsa zowonjezera ndi zakudya zamchere, pogwiritsira ntchito 150-200 magalamu a superphosphate kapena saltpeter pa danga lomwelo.
Kuyambira 400 mpaka 500 magalamu a laimu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku dothi losavuta ndi kuyembekezera kwa mamita 1.
M'lifupi ndi kuya kwa dzenje ayenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 60. Makoma a dzenje ayenera kukhala otsetsereka, osati osapitirira mpaka pansi. Pansi pa dzenje ayenera gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu yowerengerazomwe zaka ziwiri zoyamba zidzatumikira monga chithandizo cha cherries athu okoma.
Pansi pa dzenje timatsanulira chisakanizo cha mbeu yapamwamba yachonde ndi humus (10-15 makilogalamu), potaziyamu sulphate (50-60 magalamu) ndi superphosphate (100-120 magalamu). Chosakaniza ichi chiyenera kutenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dzenje ndipo liyenera kupangidwa ngati chingwe, chophimba pamwambapo ndi dothi losakhala ndi feteleza.
Musanabzala, nkofunika kuyambiranso kuyang'ana sapling ndipo ngati kuyanika kwa mizu yake, kuyenera kutero 6 koloko m'madzi. Kenaka, timayambanso mizu ya mmera pachitsime ndikuchiphimba ndi dziko lapansi mpaka theka.
Pomwe zakhala zikugwetsedwa pansi, kuti mpweya usakhale pafupi ndi mizu, chidebe cha madzi chiyenera kutsanulidwa m'dzenje, pokhapokha dzenje lonse likhoza kudzazidwa.
Kumbukirani kuti khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka; kuti lichite izi, liyenera kukwezedwa ndi masentimita 4-5. Pambuyo pake, adzakhazikika payekha. Nthaka imagwirizanitsanso bwino ndipo chogudubuza chimapangidwa kuzungulira thunthu lomwe limasunga madzi pafupi ndi mmera.
Mwachibadwa, timatsanulira chidebe china cha madzi pansi pa mtengo ndikusakaniza nthaka ndi peat kapena humus (izi zidzasunga chinyontho pansi). Musaiwale tanizani mbewu kwa cola.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za chisamaliro cha mitundu yamatcheri "Diver Black"?
Tanena kale zimenezo chitumbuwa chokoma chimakonda madzi. Choncho, imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka nthawi ya chilala.
Ngati kawirikawiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti amwe madzi yamatcheri kamodzi pamwezi, ndiye nthawi yamvula, ndizotheka kutenga gawo limodzi kamodzi pa sabata. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mtengo umodzi uyenera kupita kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 6 zidebe zamadzi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musalole nthaka kuti iumitse panthawi yakucha yamatcheri okoma, chifukwa izi zingayambitse.
Mitengo yaing'ono imamera mu May ndi June, ndipo akuluakulu mukhoza kupereka chakudya chapadera.
Manyowa abwino kwambiri ndi slurry, omwe amadzipukutidwa ndi madzi 1: 6. Komanso, mchere wambiri ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chidebe cha feteleza - 1 supuni yokha. Komanso, zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kukula ndi fruiting wa phulusa yamatcheri, m'chaka tikulimbikitsidwa kubweretsa urea mu nthaka.
Asanayambe nyengo, nthaka yozungulira thunthu imakumba ndipo imathirira madzi. Ndiponso, pafupifupi 1 gramu ya superphosphate yowonjezeredwa ku 1 m2. Pogwa chipale chofewa, thunthu liyenera kukulunga mosamala. Mnyamata, yemwe anangobzala kumene kasupe, mbande analimbikitsa kukwera, akugwa pansi.
Pofuna kuti mtengo usakhudzidwe ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timapatsidwa mankhwala apadera masika onse maluwa asanafike maluwa, pambuyo pake, omwe amasankhidwa pamodzi ndi alangizi m'masitolo apadera.
Komanso, ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse masamba, makungwa ndi zipatso kuti athe kuteteza chitukuko cha matendawa.
Kudulira mitengo yonse ikuluikulu ndi yautali kumayendetsedwa ku kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zosafunika zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona, kapena ndi mpikisano wazofunikira.
Mtengo wachinyamata ndi wofunikanso chaka chilichonse. dulani mphukira zazing'onokuti athandize kukula kwa zipatso. Matenda odwala ndi owuma akulimbikitsidwa kutentha. Malo a kudula akukonzedwa ndi phula la munda, kuti asayambitse matenda.
