Mitengo yonse ya mphesa ili ndi makhalidwe awo omwe, omwe alimi omwe amawakonda.
Izi sizikukhudzanso zokhazokha ndi kukula kwa masango, komanso kugawa, kukula, kucha ndi nthawi yochotsa, ndi malamulo obzala ndi kusamalira.
Ndi za makhalidwe amenewa a "Codreanca", omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi osiyana siyana, ndipo adzakuuzani pansipa.
Timaganizira kwambiri zofunikira zonse zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa pamene mukuyamba kukula mphesa komanso kukuuzani zamtengo wapatali za zosiyanasiyana.
Mphesa "Kodryanka" - cholembera cholembera
Mitundu imeneyi inalandira makhalidwe abwino kuchokera kwa makolo, omwe ndi mitundu ya mphesa ya Moldova, yomwe inadutsa mitundu ya Marshall. Linapangidwa ku Moldova, yomwe kwazaka mazana ambiri yatchuka chifukwa cha kupambana kwake, ndipo tifunika kuzindikira kuti zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zamtengo wapatali kunyumba.
Masango a mphesa "Kodryanki" - ndi yotani komanso yotani?
Anthu osamalira munda wamaluwa a Kodryanka amatha kusangalala ndi zipatso za mphesa. Choncho, kulemera kwa gulu limodzi Pafupifupi pafupifupi 500-600 magalamu, koma masango amodzi akhoza 1500 magalamu.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mosasamala kanthu za misala yawo yodabwitsa, imakhala yolimba kwambiri ku chitsamba, kotero iwo akhoza kuigwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kale. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zipatsozo zimayikidwa pamtunduwu moyenera, kuzichotsa kumagulu ndizosavuta, popanda kuwononga oyandikana nawo. Makhalidwe amtengo wapatali amayeneranso kusamala kwambiri.
Ukulu wa zipatso za mphesa Mitundu ya Codreanka ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kulemera kwao ndi 6-8 magalamu. Kutalika kwa zipatsozo ndi 3.1 masentimita, ndi m'lifupi - 1.9. Maonekedwe a mabulosi amapezeka nthawi zambiri kapena ovoid. Khungu la mphesa liri ndi mdima wofiira, pafupi ndi wakuda.
Mphuno ya pruine (yokuta sera yomwe imakwirira pamwamba pa mphesa za mphesa) ndi yaikulu, koma siimagwirira khungu, koma imateteza. Peel kwenikweni samamva pamene kudya zipatso mu chakudya.
Pulp Mabulosi a mphesa Kodryanka ali ndi zokoma zabwino kwambiri. Mu mawonekedwe ake, zamkati ndi zowona komanso zowutsa mudyo. Zipatso zimadziwikanso ndi kukhalapo kwa mbewu zingapo, zomwe zimatha popanda chitoliro kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi zamkati. Zomwe zili mumasamba a shuga ndi apamwamba kuposa kuchuluka kwa asidi mmenemo. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa shuga zipatso Codreanka pafupipafupi ndi 18-19%, pamene zidulo - 6-8g / l.
Zipatso zimakhala ndi cholinga chamatabwa, nthawi zambiri zimakula zogulitsa, chifukwa masango a mitundu iyi akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri.
Mphesa zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kupindula, chifukwa muli ndi madzi ambiri ndi shuga. Zipatso zouma sizipangidwa kuchokera ku izo, chifukwa ziri ndi mbewu mu zipatso.
Pa zokolola za mphesa "Kodryanka"
Mitundu imeneyi idakondana ndi wamaluwa komanso okonda mphesa, osati mosiyanasiyana monga momwe zimakhalira mbeu zambiri. Ndipo zomwe ziyenera kuyembekezeka ndi zipatso zazikulu ndi masango. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti chitsamba chamtundu wa Codryanka chimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu ndipo chimasiyana ndi kukula kwake. Pakatha chaka chachiwiri mutabzala kapena katemera, wayamba kukula mpaka kukula kwakukulu ndikupereka zokolola zoyamba.
Malamulo a kucha "Kodryanki" imabwera mofulumira kwambiri. Monga taonera kale, zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyanazi zimapsa pakati pa zoyamba. Nthawi yawo yobiriwira imatha masiku 110-118 okha. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi bwino kumvetsera kuti ngakhale musanayambe kukongola kwa zipatso, iwo amakhala oyenerera kuti anthu azidya. Makamaka, kale ndi zizindikiro za shuga za mphesa za 12-14%, zimapeza kukoma kwabwino.
Acidity pa "Kodryanki" imachepa mofulumira kwambiri. Pambuyo kucha, mphesa ndi zipatso zimatha kupachikidwa pamtunda kwa nthawi yayitali, popanda kutaya zikhalidwe zawo zakunja ndi kukoma.
Ubwino waukulu wa mitundu ya mphesa ya Codrean yomwe iye amamukonda
- Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi mkulu wa kukana matenda matenda a minda yamphesa. Mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa imvi yake yovunda ndi mildew ndi zokwana 3 zokha.
- "Codreanka" mphesa zamasamba sizimakhala ndi mantha otentha. Ngakhale ndi chisanu cha -23ºะก, palibe chowonongeko chomwe chinawonetsedwa pa tchire.
- Magulu ndi mphesa ali ndi chidziwitso chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe amachiyamika kwambiri. Komanso, zimagwirizanitsa ndi chikhalidwe ichi kuti masango akhoza kutengedwera bwino, chifukwa khungu la zipatso ndi lalikulu kwambiri ndipo sichimathyoledwa pamene ligwedezeka. Salafu moyo wa mphesa "Kodryanka" yaitali.
- Zokolola zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri, zimapezeka nthawi zonse chaka chilichonse. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zokolola sizingatheke chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa, sizikuchepera mu chiwerengero chawo chonse.
- Mitundu yambiri "Codreanca" imayenera kwambiri kulima m'madera apadera.
Zolakwa za zosiyanasiyana ndi momwe angachitire ndi iwo
Ngakhale kuti zonse zokolola zizindikiro za mphesa za Kodryanka zimakhala zocheperachepera panthawi iliyonse, izo nthawi zina zimakhalapo pea zipatso akhoza kuchitika. Mfundoyi iyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kutenga njira zofunikira kuti izi zitheke. Pofuna kupewa nthanga za mphesa, alimi omwe amadziwa bwino msanga amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga gibberelin. Ndicho, mungathe kuteteza kokha peyala, komanso kuti mukwaniritse kukula kwa mphesa zazikulu popanda maenje.
Nkofunika kudziwa:
Maluwa a Hornberry amaonedwa kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri ngati mphesa zogulitsidwa. Chifukwa cha mtolawo, umataya maonekedwe ake okongola ndipo suli wofunika kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha zipatso za mtola, amatha kufika nthawi yowonjezera ogula mofulumira kwambiri.
Zikudziwika kuti zipatso zazing'ono zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri kwambiri. Choncho, mphesa zochepa za Kodryadka mphesa zimakhala ndi zokoma kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, sizimasweka pamene mphepo yochuluka ndi yovunda pang'ono.
Kodi mukufunikira kudziwa chiyani phindu la machiritso a "Codreanka"?
Mankhwala amapangidwa mphesa Mitengo ya Kodryanka imangodzaza ndi mavitamini osiyanasiyana omwe angathe kukhudza thupi la munthu.
- Madzi a mphesa "Kodryanki" ali ndi vitamini C, B ndi P, komanso mavitamini omwe ali m'gulu lawo. Khungu ndi zamkati za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizolemera kwambiri pectin. Iwo ali olemera mu carotenes. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuonjezera pakuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo, zinthuzi zimatha kuchita ndikuthandizira pakuyeretsa thupi kuchokera ku radionuclides ndi zinthu zina zolemetsa.
Choncho, mphesa iyi ndi yothandiza kwa anthu omwe amakhala mumzinda pafupi ndi makampani akuluakulu. Komanso, mphesa za zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zabwino kwambiri zokhudzana ndi antioxidant.
- Mankhwala opangidwa ndi mphesa "Kodryanka" imakhalanso ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndiwo otetezera anthu ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala a enzyme, lipase, zinthu zowonjezereka ndi phytoncides.
- "Codrean" akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano kwa omwe akudwala matenda a bronchitis, amakhala ndi chiwindi ndi matenda a mtima, kuyesera kuchiza magazi m'thupi.
Timayamba kubzala mphesa "Kodryanka". Zotsatira zambiri
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ubwino waukulu wa mphesa za Codrean zikabzalidwa ndikuti sizomwe zimagwirira ntchito panthaka. Zingakhale zosafunikira kwenikweni kwa ulimi wa dothi, pamene zokolola za mphesa zidzakhalabe zapamwamba ndipo zidzakhazikika mizu kulikonse.
Komanso, kutchuka kwake padziko lonse lapansi kunalinso kotheka chifukwa chakuti amatha kuzika mizu ndi kubala zipatso m'madera osiyanasiyana. Inde, sitikulankhula za otentha ndi kumpoto, koma mphesa zimakula bwino kumwera kwa Ukraine ndi Russia, komanso m'madera awo akumwera ndi kumpoto. Komabe, ndikuyamba kulima mphesa izi zimayenera kuganizira zambiri.
Kodi ndi motani kufalitsa mphesa "Kodryanka"?
Mitengo ya mphesa makamaka imabereka chifukwa cha sapling pachaka. Njira yoberekera imatengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri komanso yophweka, chifukwa safuna nthawi yambiri ndikugwira ntchito. Koma, ngati mutakhala ndi mphesa pa chiwembu, zomwe mukufuna kuzilemba ndi "Codrean", mungagwiritse ntchito njira yothandizira. Kwa ichi, kudula kokha "Codreanka" kamodzi kokha kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kumayenera kuphatikizidwa pa tsinde lapadera la chitsamba cha mphesa.
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yobzala mphesa?
Ngati tikukamba za kubzala mphesa, ndiye kuti nthawi yabwinoyi idzakhala nthawi yamadzulo, isanayambe mvula yamkuntho, kapena kumayambiriro kasupe, pamene chisanu chimangoyamba kusungunuka, ndipo masambawo sanayambe kuphuka.
N'zotheka kuti inoculate mphesa za mphesa pafupifupi chaka chonse, nthawi ya masika, komanso m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja. Malingana ndi mtundu wa katemera womwe mumasankha, nthawi yomwe ntchitoyi idzachitidwenso idzadalira. Ngati mukufuna kudzala "wakuda" (kutanthauza kuti, osati kusungunuka) kudula ku chida "chakuda", izi zidzakhala masika oyambirira.
Ngati kudula "wakuda" kuchitchi "chobiriwira", ndiye kuti nthawi yabwino ndiyo mapeto a masika komanso masiku oyambirira a chilimwe. "Kubiriwira ku Green" mphesa zimabzalidwa mu kugwa, pafupifupi theka la mwezi wa October.
Malamulo ndi zochitika za kubzala mbande za mphesa
- Kubzala kwa kodryanka mphesa yopangira mphesa iyenera kuchitidwa kokha pasanafike dzenje lokonzedwa. Kuthira kwake sikuyenera kukhala kokongola, koma pansi pake ayenera kuthiridwa pansi lapansi kuphatikizapo feteleza kuti azidzazaza ndi zakudya.
- Ikani nyemba mu dzenje ziyenera kukhala mosamalitsa pang'onopang'ono zodzazidwa ndi nthaka yachonde motero kuti palibe chomwe chidzawononge mizu ya chitsamba.
- Nthaka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza dzenje, ikhoza kukhala ndi feteleza ndi mineral substances.
- Ndikofunikira kuyendetsa chithandizo cholimba m'nthaka pafupi ndi sapling, yomwe muyenera kuigwiritsa. Mothandizidwa ndi mphesa zakumwera kumtunda zingatumizedwe kumbali yomwe ingakhale yolandiridwa kwambiri.
- Mutabzala mphesa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuthirira nthaka mochuluka. Chifukwa cha ichi, sapling imayamba kukula bwino ndikukula mofulumira. Ngati mphesa zimabzalidwa kugwa, ndiye kuti mphukira yachitsamba imachepa chifukwa cha nthaka yonyowa.
- Mukamabzala m'dzinja, ndikofunika kuti muzitsuka mmera, mwinamwake iwo amaundana. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kuyika kabotolo pamwamba pake ndi kuphwanya pansi ndikudzaza ndi nthaka.
Kudzala mphesa mwa kukulumikiza zipatso
Ngati mwasankha kubzala njira yobzalidwa, ndiye kuti zotsatirazi zikutsatiridwa:
- Phesi iyenera kukonzekera pasadakhale. Iyenera kuyesedwa (yokha pamwamba) ndikuyiika m'madzi.
- Gawo lochepa la kudula limadulidwa mozungulira ndipo limayikidwa mu njira yapadera ya mankhwala "Humate" (madontho 10 pa madzi okwanira 1 litre), zomwe zimayambitsa mizu kupanga.
- Mtengo wa mphesa umafunikanso kukonzekera mwatcheru mdulidwe kuti upeze phokoso pamwamba ndi kuchotsa zitsamba zonse ndi nthiwatiwa yonyowa.
- Shtamb yotsatira iyenera kugawidwa bwino ndi nyundo yaying'ono ndi nyundo.
- Tsinde limayikidwa mugawidwa ndi gawo lomwe linadulidwa. Nkofunika kuti mbali zonse za kudula ziwoneke ngati chitsa. Komanso, dongosolo lonseli ndi lolimba kwambiri lopangidwa ndi nsalu ya thonje komanso yokutidwa ndi dongo.
- M'nyengo yozizira, inoculation yoteroyo iyeneranso kukhala yofanana ndi mmera.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za mphesa yabwino ku dera la Moscow
Mbali yosamalira mphesa mitundu "Kodryanka"
Kusamalira bwino mphesa ndiko maziko a zokolola zake. Chifukwa chake, kubzala mu malo anu adiresi musaiwale za zotsatirazi za chisamaliro.
Zomwe zimathirira mphesa.
Mphesa za kukula bwino zimafunika chinyezi chambiri. Ndipotu, chitsamba cha mphesa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kodryanka chimatha kukula kwambiri ndikupanga zokolola zazikulu, zomwe zimafuna zambiri. Choncho kuthirira mphesa kumachitika nthawi zonse, malingana ndi nyengo. Chitsamba chaching'ono chiyenera kukhala ndi zidebe zitatu za madzi, zazikulu ndi zazikulu ziyenera kukhala ndi zisachepera 6.
Kulumikizana bwino kwa nthaka yozungulira mpesa.
Pofuna kuti madzi asapitirire komanso athandize kwambiri mpesa, dothi lozungulira liyenera kukhala lamtundu. Kwa ichi, humus kapena peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Koma kuti mulch awonongeke kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi nthawi yophukira, chifukwa chilimwe chimapangitsa kuti mizu ya mphesa ipunthwe ndikuyamba kuvunda. Kutulutsa chida choyenera kumakhala chozungulira pambali ya mphesa.
Kodi ndikufunika kuphimba mphesa m'nyengo yozizira?
Ngakhale kuti izi zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, m'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka komanso zosungidwa, mwinamwake mukhoza kuthetsa kwathunthu mpesa. Kuwonjezera pa kukweza nthaka, mukhoza kuphimba mphesa ndi udzu kapena udzu, kuika chinachake cholemera pamwamba kuti udzu usatengeke ndi mphepo.
Kudulira mphesa - zolinga ndi malamulo.
Dulani mphesa zaka zoyambirira sizothandiza. Iye yekha adzatha kukula ndi kubala chipatso popanda kudulira. Koma kale ndi isanayambike fruiting m'dzinja, akadali analimbikitsa kukonzetsa achinyamata mphukira, popeza iwo sangathe kupulumuka yozizira. Pa okalamba a chitsamba kugwa kudulira zouma cuttings ndi omwe si fruiting ikuchitika. Tikukuthokozani kudulira mitengo yomwe imatha kulumikiza.
Kodi manyowa mphesa "Kodryanka"?
Mu feteleza, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa sizimafunikira. Pazinthu zambiri, zidzakhala zokwanira kwa zinthu zomwe zidzathamangira ku mizu kuchoka pa mulching. Kamodzi pachaka, pansi pa kasupe kukumba nthaka, organic matter ndi mchere feteleza akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ngakhale mofanana kufalitsa iwo kuzungulira tsinde lonse la mpesa.
Kuteteza mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Mitundu yambiri ya "Codreanca" imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, choncho kukonzekera koyenera kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Pofuna kuteteza tizirombo ndi makoswe m'nyengo yozizira, zitsamba za shtamb zingamangirizane ndi spruce komanso zimatulutsa bwino.
