Ziribe kanthu kuti mitundu yonse ya mphesa yochuluka bwanji yomwe ingakhoze kukula mchikhalidwe cha dziko lathu, mwinamwake, aliyense wa ife ali ndi ziweto zathu.
Ngati ndinu okonda kukolola mphesa, mumakonda mitundu ya pinki ndipo mukufuna kukula masango aakulu, omasuka kusankha Victoria mphesa.
N'zoona kuti anthu ambiri omwe amakonda kumwa vinyo nthawi zambiri amalankhula mosaganizira za zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa ali ndi zovuta zina.
Tidzayesa kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane zifukwa zabwino ndi zoipa za izi zosiyanasiyana ndikugawana malingaliro a momwe mungagwirire ndi mavuto a "Victoria".
Ndi chiyani, mphesa "Victoria": tsatanetsatane wa zosiyana
Mphesa yamatabwa iyi, zipatso zake zomwe zili ndi ndemanga yangwiro, ndi zotsatira za kusankha asayansi a Russian. Kuti upeze izo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kovuta kwa mitundu yosiyana kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makamaka, mphesa ya Save Vilar 12-304 imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chisanu chotsutsa wopereka.
Anadutsa ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mitundu yotchedwa Euro-Amur monga "Vitis Winifers" ndi "Vitis Amurenzis". Kuwonjezera pa kukhazikika kwakukulu, mitundu yatsopanoyo inakhala skoroplodny: mbewu zoyamba ndi chitsamba cha mphesa cha Victoria chimene chimapereka kwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala kapena katemera.
Zizindikiro za gulu la mphesa "Victoria": zizindikiro zosiyana
Mitengo ya mphesa yomwe ikufotokozedwa ndi ya mtengo wapatali osati kokha chifukwa chakuti ili ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri, komanso chifukwa cha masango ake akuluakulu. Pafupifupi mulu umodzi wa mphesa gulu la izi zosiyanasiyana ndi 0.5-0.7 kilogalamu. Ndi kulima kwabwino ndi kulimbitsa mbewu, kukula kwa mphesa kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Maonekedwe a masangowa amapezeka amodzi, ndipo zipatso zolimbitsa thupi zimayikidwa pa izo.
Mmodzi sayenera kuiwala kuzindikira za kukula kwa zipatso za mphesa za mitundu iyi: kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, kukula kwake kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi 2.7 x2.2 masentimita. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi misa ya zipatso ndi pafupifupi 6-7.5 magalamu. Ngakhale pakati pa mpesa chizindikiro ichi sichikhala chokwanira, komabe chiyeneranso kusamalidwa ndi kulemekezedwa. Kusiyanitsa mitundu ya mphesa "Victoria" ikhoza kukhala pa rasipiberi yofiira khungu la zipatso.
Kukoma kwa zipatso zimenezi ndi kosangalatsa komanso kogwirizana, mbali yaikulu yomwe imasewera minofu yambiri komanso yowuma. Ndi kuchapa kwathunthu kwa mphesa, zipatsozo zimakhalanso ndi zokoma zosangalatsa za nutmeg. Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti shuga wambiri mwa zipatso ndi 18% ya acidity level ya 5-6 g / l.
Mbali za fruiting ndi zokolola mitundu "Victoria"
Chitsamba cha mitundu iyi ya mphesa chiri ndi ofooka kapena sing'anga kukula mphamvu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pakati pa mphukira zonse zomwe zimapangidwa pa nthawi ya kukula, pafupifupi 70-90% zimabereka zipatso. Choncho, chitsamba chokha chingathe kubereka zokolola kwambiri, chifukwa chake chitsamba chimadzala.
Nkhosayo ya zipatso, ndiko kuti, masamba omwe amagwera pa mphukira 1 ya zosiyanasiyana "Victoria", ndi 1.4-1.8. Gawo lochepa la zokolola likhoza kupangidwa pazitsulo, ngakhale masango pa iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kusiyana ndi mphukira zopatsa zipatso. Mulimonsemo, mulingo wokwanira pa chitsamba chimodzi cha mphesa ndi maso 25-30.
Ponena za nthawi yokolola mphesa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Victoria" imatanthawuza moyenera mitundu yoyambirira. Kukula kwa nyengo ya mphesa ya zipatso izi ndi pafupi masiku 115-120. Kotero, kale mu khumi khumi a August, kudzakhala kotheka kusangalala ndi masango oyamba opsa. Kukolola zokolola zonse zikhoza kuchitika kumapeto kwa mweziwu.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za zabwino zamakono mphesa
Mayankho a funsolo, kodi ubwino wa mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Victoria" ndi chiyani?
Zosiyanasiyanazi mosakayikira ndi zabwino kwambiri kukula pa chiwembu cha nyumba. Mukamabzala chitsamba chimodzi, zokolola zidzakhala zokwanira kuti muzisangalalira ndikukuthandizani zipatso zatsopano za achibale anu ndi oyandikana nawo. Mukamalima mphesa "Victoria" pamlingo waukulu, n'zotheka kugulitsa mbewu zogulitsa. Koma, popanda zokolola zapamwamba ndi zapamwamba, zosiyanasiyana "Victoria" zili ndi ubwino wotsatira:
• Mphukira yamphesa imakula bwino, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amabala zipatso.
• Kusinthika bwino kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mizu yosiyanasiyana.
• Kutsutsana ndi matenda omwe amatha kukhudza minda yamphesa, zosiyanasiyana "Victoria" ndizokwanira kuti zitha kuwononga zitsamba zakutchire.
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyenera kugawa malo ndi kubzala, ngakhale m'madera a Moscow. Kuwonongeka kwa mpesa sikusungidwa ngakhale pamene chisanu chiri -26ºС. Komabe, ndi kuthekera kwa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira ngakhale kotsika, nkofunikira kubisa chitsamba.
• Poganizira moyenera, nthawi zonse fruiting ndi mbewu zimakhala bwino.
Zoipa za mphesa "Victoria" ndi momwe angagwirire nazo
Choyipa choyamba cha zosiyanasiyana, zomwe mukufunikira kuzidziwa, ndi kukhalapo kwa maluwa okhaokha mu chitsamba cha mphesa. Choncho, pamene maluwa, chitsamba sichimwa mungu wobiriwira, pamakhala zokolola. Pa izi, pafupi ndi chitsamba "Victoria" onetsetsani kuti mufere mphesa zina za mphesa, zomwe zimamera pamodzi. Chachiwiri, zokolola zazikulu zimakhudza kwambiri chitsamba, kenako zipatso ndi mphesa zimakula.
Zotsatira zake, pali chosowa china - kugawa mbewu. Makamaka, ma inflorescences ndi masango pa mapangidwe a zipatso amavomerezedwa. Mukhoza kuchotsa kwathunthu mbeu za mbeu.
Chosavuta china cha mphesa zabwino "Victoria" ndizo zawo wasp. Kuti asasokoneze kwambiri mbewu, mukhoza kuika misampha yapadera kwa iwo kapena kutentha zisa. Misampha ingakhale motere:
• Pafupi ndi munda wamphesa mungathe kuika mabanki ndi shuga wokoma kwambiri kapena uchi, omwe ali ndi 0.5% ya chlorophos.
• Mu mitsuko yomweyo, mukhoza kufalitsa zipatso zowonongeka, komanso amachiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chimene mukusowa kuti mukhale pa webusaitiyi chitsamba chabwino cha mphesa "Victoria": malamulo a kubzala mitundu
N'zosatheka kuyitanira kubzala mphesa kosavuta, ngakhale kuti maonekedwe ake apadera ndi okwanira apa. Ndikofunikira komanso molondola kusankha chodzala, ndikusankha nthawi yoyenera ndi malo oti mubzala, ndipo potsiriza, kukonzekera bwino dzenje. Ndi zonsezi zomwe tikukufotokozerani pansipa.
Kodi ndi motani momwe angapatsire mphesa "Victoria": zida za kubzala mbande ndi kusinthanitsa zipatso
Mphesa zimayendetsedwa bwino m'njira zambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kubzala shrub pamidzi yake pothandizidwa ndi mmera ndi kusonkhanitsa kudula mthunzi wa shrub wakale wa mitundu ina ya mphesa. N'zosatheka kunena mosaganizira kuti njira izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe, ngati muli pawebusaiti yanu mulibe katundu kuchokera ku chitsamba chakale - kwenikweni, simusowa kusankha.
Kubzala mphesa "Victoria" mothandizidwa ndi sapling kudzakuthandizani kukula zosiyanasiyanazomwe sizidzapatsirana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Komabe, kubzala izi zosiyanasiyana pamtunda wamtali kungakule chitsamba cholimba chomwe chingathe kubzala mbewu zambiri. Komanso, kuphatikizidwa pamtundu wa msangamsanga popanga chitsamba chatsopano, chifukwa chidzakhala nacho kale mizu yabwino kwambiri ya munda wamphesa wakale.
Nthawi yoyamba kubzala mitundu "Victoria": timasankha masiku olondola
Kuwopsya kwa chikhalidwe ichi ndikuti akhoza kubzalidwa palimodzi masika ndi m'dzinja. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndizosavuta kuyankha nthawi yabwino. Ngati kamera ka kasupe kamakhala ndi mwayi wozukula bwino mu kugwa kwa nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti nthawi yophukira idzawonetsa chipiriro chake kale mu nyengo yoyamba yozizira ndipo idzalowa kukula mofulumira m'dzinja. Choncho, mukufunikira kudziwa zotsatirazi:
• Masika a kumapeto kwa mphesa "Victoria" adatambasuka kwambiri.. Ma robot amenewa akhoza kuchitika kuchokera kumasiku otsiriza a March ndipo amatha ndi kumayambiriro kwa June. Ngati mukufuna kudzala mphesa, ndiye kuti mungasankhe choyambirira, koma kuti mukhale ndi nyemba zobiriwira, ndi bwino kusankha nthawi yotentha. Ndikofunikanso kuti panthawi yokhazikika yomwe chitsamba cha mphesa chodzala ndi chofunikira kwambiri pogona. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito bokosi la pulayimale ndi dzenje pamutu pa kudula kapena mmera. Pakubwera kwa kutentha ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira za rooting akhoza kuchotsedwa.
• Dzuwa lakumapeto kwa kubzala mphesa ndilodziwika bwino komanso limadziwika ndi nyengo. Pambuyo pake, sapling iyenera kubzalidwa nthawi ina, pamene ilibenso nthawi yolowera kukula (yomwe ili yosafunika kwambiri), koma ilibenso nthawi yotsikira pa chisanu choyamba, chomwe chingachiwononge icho. Choncho, nyengo yabwino kwambiri ndi pakati pa mwezi wa October. Ngakhale, pali zambiri zomwe muyenera kuziganizira nyengo ya nyengo yanu komanso chaka china.
Kodi ndi malo ati omwe amasankhidwa kwambiri kubzala chitsamba champhesa?
Mphesa imadziwika bwino ngati chikhalidwe chakumwera, chomwe chimakonda dzuwa lotentha ndi mphepo yamchere ya m'nyanja. Ndi nyengo yotereyi, mpesa ukhoza kukulira paliponse komanso mwa njira iliyonse, ndikupereka zokolola zomwe sizinachitikepo. Koma pazimene zimakhala zozizira komanso zosasangalatsa pobzala mphesa, muyenera kusankha mosamala malo anu:
• Ziyenera kuyatsa bwino, mwinamwake sizikhala zobisika ndi zomera zina kapena nyumba zina.
• Mphesa zimawopa kwambiri zojambula, zomwe zingasokoneze makamaka mbeu, yomwe idakali ngati ma inflorescences.
• Ngakhale kuti zimasintha bwino komanso zodzichepetsa, zimafuna nthaka yabwino. ndi zokolola zabwino, zokolola za chitsamba cha mphesa zimakula kwambiri.
Choncho, Ndi bwino kudzala mbewuyi kumbali yakum'mwera kwa malo anu, makamaka m'malo omwe amatetezedwa ndi nyumba kapena malo kuchokera ku mphepo. Zikakhala kuti nthaka m'deralo ndi yosauka kwambiri, kubereka kwake kungapangidwe bwino: 1-2 zaka zisanayambe kubzala chitsamba, zochuluka za organic ndi feteleza feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito; kusakaniza nthaka yosauka ndi chithunzi chake, chomwe chingathandize kupeza golidi kutanthawuza.
Kubzala mphesa "Victoria" pogwiritsa ntchito mbande zosiyanasiyana: kodi ndizochitika zotani?
Kubzala mphesa kumayamba ndi kusankha mitundu ya mphesa, kugula kapena kulima kwachitsulo cha sapling ndi kukonzekera dzenje. Ndi bwino kugula nyemba mu kugwa, pamene malo apadera akugulitsira chiwerengero chachikulu cha iwo. Potero, mudzasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imakhala yoyera ya mizu ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Mutha kumera mchenga nokha kuchoka mumchenga mu February pa kutentha kwa mpweya wa 12 ° C ndikubzala mu nthaka yonyowa.
Chombocho chimakonzedwanso masiku angapo kapena mwezi umodzi musanadzalemo mmera. Kutalika kwake ndi m'kati mwake ayenera kukhala osachepera 0,8 mamita, zomwe zimalola kuika pansi pa dzenje kuchuluka kwa feteleza kwa chitsamba chamtsogolo. Pansi pansi:
• Mzere wambiri, womwe uli pafupifupi masentimita asanu.
• Dothi lachonde, lomwe ndilo pamwamba pa nthaka, kuchotsedwa pamene kukumba dzenje. Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10.
• Madzi awiri a humus.
• Mzere wina wa nthaka yachonde.
Zonsezi "zotsalira" (kupatula zitsamba) zimasakanizidwa bwino, kupanga chakudya chopatsa mphamvu cha mbande. Pambuyo pake timagona tulo limodzi la nthaka yosadziwika yopanda umuna ndikuisiya zonse kuti zikhazikike.
Kudyetsa mwachindunji kwa mphesa ndi kosavuta: timatsitsa mmera mu dzenje mpaka muyezo wa mizu yake ndi kuikapo mosamala. Pochita izi bwino, pakati pa pulojekitiyi mumatha kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi m'dzenjemo, chomwe chidzakanikirana ndi dothi loyamba la nthaka.
Mutabzala, sapling imathiriridwa ndi ndowa 2-3 zowonjezera madzi. Pafupi ndi kofunika kwambiri kukumba chithandizo cholimba. Nthaka kuzungulira mmera imayendetsedwa.
Yolani mphesa yosonkhanitsa "Victoria" pamtengo wazinthu zosiyanasiyana
Kwa mphesa "Victoria", yomwe imakhala yochepa kukula kwa chitsamba, njirayi ndi yolandiridwa. Pambuyo pake, pozengereza phesi lazinthu zosiyanasiyana kukhala chitsa cholimba, tidzakhala ndi chitsamba cholimba chokhala ndi mbewu zambiri.
Kudula kumakhala ndi maso awiri. Gawo la pansili limakonzedweratu, lomwe lingalole kuti lizilumikizane molimba ndi katundu. Maonekedwe a chidutswacho chiyenera kukhala chozungulira. Mbali yakumtunda ya madziyo imatuluka, ndiyo njira yotetezera chinyezi m'kati mwake mpaka icho chizuke ndipo sichikhoza kutulutsa zakudya ndi chinyezi kuchokera mu katundu.
Nkhumba ndi chitsa, chomwe chinatsalira pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa chitsamba cha mphesa chakale. Mfundo yochepetsetsa iyenera kutsukidwa mosamala kuti ikhale yosalala bwino ndikupangika bwino pakati pa katundu. Ndizomwe zimagawanika kuti phesi liyike ndikugwedezeka mwamphamvu chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chingwe kapena nsalu yolimba.
Inoculation imatenthedwa ndi dothi lonyowa, katunduyo amathiriridwa ndipo amawongolera.
Kodi chisamaliro chimafuna mphesa "Victoria": mwachidule za ntchito zazikulu m'munda wamphesa
Mphesa yamphesa nthawi zonse amafunika kuthirira ndi kudyetsedwa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchita izi kumapeto kwa nthawi yachisanu, pamene akuchoka pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku hibernation kutaya mphamvu zake panthawiyi. Manyowa, onse a organic ndi amchere, amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito panthaka yakumba. Pambuyo pa umuna, dothi liyenera kukhala losakanizidwa. Izi zimachitika kasachepera katatu pa nyengo: 2 nthawi isanafike maluwa a maluwa ndipo kamodzi pamapeto pake.
Pakati pa zaka za chilala chambiri, kukonzanso kwadothi kwa munda wa mpesa kudzakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri kuthengo ndi kukolola. Pambuyo kuthirira, nthaka imadzazidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa utuchi kapena moss, womwe umakhala ngati mulch.
Komanso, kusamalira mundawu kumaphatikizaponso kudulira nthawi zonse chitsamba ndi mankhwala ake ku matenda otheka. Njira yoyamba ikuchitika makamaka m'dzinja, m'nyengo yamtendere. Kudulira chitsamba 2-3 maso. Dulani chitsamba cha mphesa "Victoria" wokondedwa kwambiri. Ndipo apa kupopera mbewu mphesa kuchitikira masika, pamene chitsamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikuwuka.
Kupanga mphesa kungatheke panthawi imodzimodzi monga ulimi wothirira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mankhwalawa omwe amagulidwa bwino pamagulitsidwe apadera.
