Yowutsa mudyo ndi zokoma zipatso za lokoma chitumbuwa kubweretsa m'chilimwe osati zokondweretsa ntchito, komanso yaikulu mwayi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mabulosiwa, ndipo onse amasiyana ndi kukoma, mtundu ndi kukula kwake. Mbalame yamtengo wapatali yamatcheri "Vasilisa" ali ndi zipatso zazikulu za mitundu yomwe ilipo pamsika lero. Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, muyenera kudziwa zina mwa "Basilisa" ndikuzisamalira.
Kuswana
Mitundu yamitundu yambiri yamatcheri okoma adalidwa ndi Achiyukireniya obereketsa. Malo a kubadwa kwake ndi Artyomovskaya Experimental Gardening Station, kumene iye anabadwa zikomo chifukwa cha khama la agronomist wa Ukraine LI Taranenko. Chifukwa cha kupeza Vasilisa cherries ndi mitundu ya Donetsk Ember ndi Donetsk kukongola.
Onani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yamatcheri "Pinki", "Yambani", "Valery Chkalov", "Yulia", "Okonda Astakhova", "Rossoshanskaya Gold", "Franz Joseph", "Iput", "Revna", "Krupnoplodnaya", "Adeline".
Kufotokozera ndi makhalidwe
Mtengo wokha ndi wokongola, makamaka nthawi ya maluwa. Koma chidwi chachikulu ndi zipatso zomwe ndi zazikulu kwambiri pa kukula kwa chikhalidwe.
Mtengo
Cherry "Vasilisa" ndi yamphamvu kwambiri - popanda kupanga iyo ikukula mamita 4 mu msinkhu. Monga onse a cherries okoma, mtengo uwu uli ndi thunthu lokongola lokongola ndi makungwa a brownish ndi korona wozungulira. Nthambi ya mphukira bwino ndipo mwinamwake yokhotakhota mu arc.
Masambawo ndi obiriwira obiriwira. Masamba ndi owoneka bwino, owoneka ngati dzira.
Pezani ngati mungathe kulira chitumbuwa chokoma kuchokera ku mwala.
Zipatso
Zipatso zamtengo wapatali zamtengo wapatali zolemera 11-14 g zimapangidwa pamtengo. Mitengo imeneyi imakhala ndi thotho lowala kwambiri la mnofu wofiira ndi minofu yambiri. Mafupa awo ndi ochepa komanso ophweka.
Chokoma, ndi kukoma kwa vinyo ndi fungo losangalatsa, zipatso zimakhala ndi zokoma (4-4.5 mfundo pa 5). Maonekedwewo ndi ofanana ndi mitima yozungulira.
Zina mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyana "Vasilisa" zili ndi zizindikiro zina.
Zima zowirira ndi kukaniza matenda
Tsabola yotsekemera iyi imalekerera nyengo yozizira bwino. Koma popeza maluwa ake sagonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, ndiye kumpoto kwa dera la Volgograd, kukula kwake kulibe ntchito.
Zakudya zamakiti ndizowonongeka ndi moniliasis ndi coccomycosis kuposa yamatcheri, ndipo tizilombo tingasokonezeke makamaka ndi chitumbuwa cha mphutsi.
Mukudziwa? Tsopano ku Russia, nyengo yozizira-yolimba yamatcheri imayambira, yomwe imabereka zipatso mu nyengo yozizira kwa iwo. "Oryol pinki", "Ndakatulo" ndi "Mwana" Angathe kupirira nyengo yozizira mpaka 37 ° C. Ndipo izi sizinthu zokhazo zomwe zingakule m'dera lalikulu la Russia. Mtsogoleri wopanda tsankho pakati pawo akuwerengedwa "Fatezh"zomwe, kuwonjezera pa mvula yozizira-hardiness, ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri ndipo ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri (4.7 mfundo).
Zimbudzi
Chikhalidwe ndi chodzipweteka ndipo chimasowa mungu wofiira, choncho sizodalitsika kuti mubzala mtengo umodzi. Mitundu yabwino ya mungu wochokera ku Vasilisa ndi yamatcheri otsatirawa: Annushka, Aprelka, Bagration, Melitopol Kumayambiriro, Valeriy Chkalov, Donetskiy Uglyak, Burlat, Valeria, Priusadebnaya "ndi zipatso zina zotchedwa cherries ndi zipatso zofiira.
Nthawi yotulutsa ndi zokolola
Ndi sing'anga yamatcheri okoma chitumbuwa. Mbewu zake zimakololedwa mu June, ndipo ngati chilimwe chimachedwa ndi kuzizira mu June, zimatha kuphuka kumayambiriro kwa July.
Mchenga wachinyamata umayamba kubala chipatso chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, koma zokolola zake zimadalira nyengo, kutentha kwa nthaka, ndi kusamalira. Zokolola za zomera zazikulu zimayambira 25 mpaka 50 kg pa mtengo.
Dzidziwitse ndi zinthu zopindulitsa za zipatso zamatcheri.
Transportability
Zipatso za zipatso zazikuluzikulu zamtengo wapatali wotchedwa cherry, chifukwa cha zowonjezera zamkati, kulekerera kayendetsedwe kabwino bwino. Izi, pamodzi ndi machitidwe abwino (kukula kwakukulu kwa minda yamwala), zimalonjeza kuti zogulitsa.
Malangizo
Yamatcheri okoma akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano ndi zamzitini. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mchere wamtengo wapatali wa zipatso zam'chitini ndi wamtengo wapatali (4.8-5). Zimapanga makompyuta abwino kwambiri, zimbudzi zimakonzedwa, kupanikizana ndi zina zina (ngakhale popanda shuga).
Ikutsekanso madzi ake, madzi kapena marinated. Zakudya zamatcheri zokoma zimaphatikizidwa ku saladi za zipatso ndi zamchere, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzaza mapepala ndi zidutswa. Zipatso zimatenganso ngati maziko a mavinyo (liqueurs) ndi ma liqueurs.
Cherry madzi kuchokera ku zipatso za izi zosiyanasiyana si mdima ndipo ali wokongola wofiira. Kuonjezera apo, ili ndi zotsatira zowonongeka ndipo imathandiza pa matenda opuma.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire nthuki yamoto ndi miyala, chitumbuwa choyera chitumbuwa, chitumbuwa chosakaniza komanso njira zina zokonzekera chitumbuwa chokoma m'nyengo yozizira.
Mavuto akukula
Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyana izi zimakonda nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Kuwala kwa loamy kapena mchenga loam dothi ndibwino kwambiri. Si nthaka yabwino yokhayokha, kuwonjezera mchenga kapena dongo ngati pakufunika. Limu yawonjezeredwa ku dothi la acidic.
Mitedza yamakono yamakono amafesedwa m'malo omwe amatha kuyang'ana dzuwa. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mtengo wa zipatso uwu sumakonda malo omwe akuwombedwa ndi mphepo. Pofika pakhomo mumayenera kusankha bata komanso osakonzekera.
Kwa chitukuko choyenera, mtengo uliwonse umakhala ndi malo okwanira kuzungulira thunthu. Choncho, musabzala mitengo nayonso pafupi (mtunda ukhale 2-4 mamita). Ngati madzi apansi ali pamtunda ndipo ali pafupi ndi mizu, ndiye kuti muyenera kudera nkhawa za ngalande ndi kumanga chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira! Makamaka zosafunika kwa chitumbuwa zimakhala zowonongeka nthaka, chifukwa zowuma kwambiri pamtengo wa zipatso.
Malamulo obwera
Mukamadzala yamatcheri "Vasilisa" ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo awa:
- Nthaka yobzala imakonzedwa mu kugwa. Pakulima nthaka, 8-10 makilogalamu a manyowa kapena kompositi, kuphatikizapo feteleza zamchere zimayambira (200 magalamu pa 1 mita mita imodzi);
- Mitsuko ya kubzala imakumbidwa pamtunda wa mamita 4 kuchokera pa mzake ndi mitengo ina yonse kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri ndi nthambi pa kukula;
- dzenje lililonse limakhala lalikulu masentimita 70 ndi kuya kwa 50-60 masentimita. Makomawo amapangidwa molunjika popanda kupondaponda mpaka pansi;
- Mu dzenje lililonse lopundulidwa, kompositi kapena humus imayikidwa kudyetsa mizu ya mtengo wachinyamatayo, ndipo chithandizo chimayikidwa, chomwe chimamangiriridwa kuti chithandizidwe;
- Pofuna kuti asamalike mutu, mizu imakwezedwa ndi masentimita 5;
- ndiye mtengowo umathiriridwa bwino, umalowa mu nthaka, ndipo umapanga mulching.
Momwe mungamerekere chitumbuwa chokoma: kanema
Momwe mungasamalire
Kuti nthawi zonse asonkhanitse mbewu zabwino, chitumbuwa "Vasilisa" chiyenera kusungidwa bwino.
Kuthirira
Mitundu yambiri "Vasilisa" amafunika kuthirira, makamaka nthawi ya zipatso (May), nyengo yotentha komanso nyengo isanayambe. Kuthirira bwino kuyenera kuthira nthaka yosachepera 30 cm chakuya. Asanayambe chisanu, madzi akumwa pafupifupi kawiri.
Sitikuyenera kuyesa kuthirira mwachindunji pansi pa mtengo. Wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kukumba dzenje laling'ono kuzungulira yamatcheri, omwe ali odzaza ndi madzi.
Phunzirani zambiri za kubzala, kuchepetsa, kusamalira yamatcheri mu kugwa.
Kudyetsa
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, ndi bwino kuti muzidyetsa nthawi zonse. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kukula, mtengo wopangidwa ndi fruiting, umasowa potassium, nitrogen, phosphorous. Feteleza m'nthaka ayenera kukhala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi kumapeto kwa autumn (asanafike chisanu).
Akatswiri amalangiza chakudya chotsatira:
- M'chaka chachitatu mutabzala, muyenera kudyetsa mtengo ndi urea, poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa magalamu 30 pamtsuko uliwonse wa madzi;
- M'chaka chachinayi, feteleza imachitika kawiri. M'chaka amathira manyowa ndi carbamide (150 magalamu), ndipo kugwa ndi superphosphate (300 gramu) ndi potaziyamu sulfate (magalamu 100);
- Panthawi yoyamba ya fruiting kumayambiriro kwa masika, 200-300 magalamu a urea amalowetsedwa mu mzere wozungulira mtengo, womwe unayamba kusungunuka m'madzi.
Mu September, zimathandiza feteleza kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi ndi humus.
Kusamalira bwalo
Kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa mpweya ndikusunga chinyezi cha nthaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonza nthaka kuzungulira thunthu ndi udzu, udzu ndi masamba. Musanayambe mulching m'pofunika kumasula pansi bwino ndi kuchotsa namsongole.
Kupanga korona ndi korona
Kukonzekera koyamba kumayenera kuchitidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe chaka choyamba mutabzala. Ndi bwino kumasulira mtsogoleri ku nthambi ya pambali, kufupikitsa woyendetsa pakati. Nkhumba yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula kwambiri, choncho nkofunika kutchera nthambi ndi pafupifupi 50% ya utali wonse.
Pezani mtundu wa chitumbuwa chokoma chotchedwa colonic.
Zouma zowuma ndi kachilomboka zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zichotsedwe. Nthawi zonse zimatchera nthambi zomwe zimakula mkati mwa korona, kapena zimayambana ndi nthambi za chigoba. Alimi amaluwa amalimbikitsa kuti nthambi zowonongeka zikhazikitse korona yofalikira, kenako kukolola nthambi kumakhala kosavuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kudulira kawirikawiri kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika (isanayambe masamba). Mu kugwa, iwo amachita kudulira mwaukhondo, kuchotsa nthambi za matenda.
Momwe mungapangire korona wa chitumbuwa: kanema
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
Mankhwala oteteza nkhuni kutetezera ku matenda ambiri ndi tizilombo toononga kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kuti muchite izi, perekani magawo atatu peresenti ya Bordeaux osakaniza kapena osakaniza a Burgundian.
Pambuyo pake (kusanakhale kutentha kwapakati pa 15 ° C ndi pamwamba), mankhwalawa "Horus" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ikhoza kutengedwanso ndi njira zina - "Kuthamanga", "Strobe", "Kumbatirana". Mitundu yambiri yambiriyi imakhala yokwanira ndi matenda ambiri, ndipo ngati imatulutsidwa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti palibe matenda omwe amawopsyeza.
Phunzirani momwe mungatetezere yamatcheri kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Pa nthawi yakucha, chitumbuwa chokoma chimapweteka mbewu ntchentche yothamanga, yomwe imawononga chipatso. Tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (3-5 mm) tili ndi mtundu wofiirira. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timayambitsa mazira, kumene mphutsi zimawoneka, mwa chipatso.
Nkhumba zimayamba kudya zam'madzi zokoma ndi zipatso za mbewu. Choyamba, mawanga ndi madontho amaoneka pa chipatso. Ndiye zipatsozo zimayamba kugwa kuchokera ku nthambi mpaka pansi. Kutsegula nthaka kuzungulira thunthu kumachepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma ngati munda wamtunduwu umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizirombozi, ndiye tizilombo tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Yamatcheri okoma "Vasilisa" ndi osiyana siyana omwe amakhala okhwimitsa ndipo amatha kupezeka ndi zirombo kusiyana ndi mitundu yoyambirira. Monga njira yowonetsera, amathira nkhuni "Confidor" kapena "Fufanon". Kupopera mbewu koyambirira kumachitika panthawi ya ntchentche kuchoka, ndipo patatha milungu iwiri mankhwalawa akubwerezedwa. Koma kupopera kotere sikuchitika patadutsa masiku 14 asanakolole.
Mbalame zosiyana zimadya zipatso zambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, chitumbuwa chotchedwa "Vasilisa" chimatchedwa "mtengo wa mbalame".
Polimbana ndi tizirombo tomwe timapanga m'mundawu, timagwiritsa ntchito ziopsezo zosiyana-siyana - amapanga zinyama zokhala ndi zinyama, zisoti zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pa nthambi. Mungathe kuponya pamtengo wamtengo wapatali, womwe umagulitsidwa m'masitolo kwa wamaluwa.
Thunthu la mtengo wa zipatso kuti liziteteze ku chisanu likumangidwa ndi nthambi za coniferous. Zimathandizanso kuteteza makungwa a mtengo kuti asawonongeke ndi makoswe. M'chaka, tsinde la yamatcheri limatulutsidwa ndi mankhwala a mandimu kuti ateteze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Tsamba yamakono "Vasilisa" lili ndi ubwino wambiri:
- amapereka zokolola zabwino za khalidwe labwino;
- zipatsozo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri komanso zimakhala zazikulu kukula, zimakhala ndi zokoma kwambiri;
- oyenera kuyamwa mwatsopano ndi mawonekedwe osinthidwa;
- Ziri zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi chilala;
- kusasamala mu chisamaliro ndi kukana matenda ambiri;
- Zosamalidwa bwino, sizikutaya maonekedwe ake okongola kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Zipatso za Cherry zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya chiwindi, impso, minofu ya mtima, bronchi. Madzi okoma a chitumbuwa amathandiza khungu, amalimbikitsa machiritso aang'ono.
Mwamwayi, chitumbuwa chotchedwa "Vasilisa" chimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu - silimalola nyengo ndi mvula yambiri. Zipatso zimayambira ndipo zimakhala zokwanira kuti zisinthidwe. Mbali imeneyi iyenera kuganiziridwa poyamba, posankha mtengo kuti udye.
Cherry "Vasilisa" - ili ndi njira yabwino yobzala m'munda uliwonse. Ngati mumakhala mumtengo woyenera mtengo, osati nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti mudzasangalala ndi zipatso zokongola, zazikulu, zokoma komanso zathanzi chaka chilichonse. Zipatso zimasungidwa bwino ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana mbale, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri.
Vascious Sweet Cherry: kanema
Ndemanga
