Jasmine wooneka ngati gardenenia - ukulu woyera wa maluwa pakati pa mdima wobiriwira

Jasmine wooneka ngati gardenenia ndi duwa lokongola kwambiri lomwe limasiya munthu aliyense. Alimi ambiri amalota kuti apeze chomera chokongola ichi, koma musayese chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake chopanda chidwi. Komabe, kukongola kungakhale "kuyesedwa" ngati mukudziwa zinsinsi zonse ndi zowoneka bwino za kulima kwake.

Kufotokozera

Jasmine wofanana ndi gardenia, m'Chilatini wotchedwa Gardenia jasminoides, amachokera ku banja la Marenov ndipo ndi mbadwa ya India, China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam ndi subtropical Africa. Pa chifuwa cha chirengedwe tingapezeke mwa mawonekedwe a masamba obiriwira a shrub mpaka mamita awiri okwera. Mu chikhalidwe cha mphika chitsamba sichimafika kuposa 60 cm mu msinkhu.

Mu mtundu wa Gardenia pali pafupifupi 250 mitundu, komanso munda wa floriculture yekha gardenenia jasminoid watenga mizu. Maluwa ake aakulu oyera omwe ali ndi fungo losangalatsa la jasmine limakondwera poyang'ana koyamba. Amakhala pansi pamodzi kapena kusonkhanitsa m'magulu angapo. Kawirikawiri maluwa ndi theka-kawiri kapena terry, yofanana ndi duwa lokongola.

Zokongola kwambiri ndi masamba amdima. Muwonekedwe, iwo ali lonse la lanceolate ndi nsonga yachitsulo, kufika pa masentimita 10 m'litali. Mapepala a mapepala ali ndi mpumulo, glossy gloss.

Kawirikawiri, m'nyumba ya gardenenia ndi chitsamba chokoma ndi masamba wandiweyani, makamaka okongola pakati pa maluwa. Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera, nthawi ya moyo ya woyimira bwino zomera ndizo mpaka zaka 7.

Gardenia anabweretsedwa ku Ulaya kumbuyo kwa zaka za zana la 18. M'mayiko otentha, amakongoletsa minda ndi mapaki, ndipo nyengo yoziziritsa ikhoza kusungidwa pokhapokha kunyumba kapena kutentha. Kupyolera mwa kuyesera kwa obereketsa anawonetsa mitundu yambiri ya kukongola.

Mzere

• Kukongola kapena Chilatini Kukongola - Mwinamwake mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi maluwa awiri a chisanu. Amamasula kwambiri kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa June mpaka autumn.
• Belmont, aka Belmont - amadziwika ndi maluwa wandiweyani ndipo ndi onunkhira kwambiri. Yakula kuchuluka kwa matenda.
• Amy kapena aimee - Chitsamba chokhala ndi maluŵa akuluakulu a matope okongola, kufika 12 masentimita awiri. Ikhoza kuphuka kawiri pachaka.
• Chinsinsi chachinsinsi kapena Chilatini - olimba ndi olimba zosiyanasiyana ndi masamba akulu, kukula vertically. Maluwa ali m'malo aakulu, otentha kwambiri.
• Variegata, aka Variegata - variegated yogwirizana mawonekedwe ndi zokongola ang'onoang'ono maluwa. Mu mtundu wa masamba, kusintha kwa masamba obiriwira kupita ku zonona. Chitsamba chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndi bwino kukula mu mphika.
• Radicans kapena Radicans - Zithunzi zosiyana siyana ndi masamba ang'onoting'ono ndi maluwa aang'ono awiri. Zomerazi zimayamba kuphulika patapita nthawi kuposa achibale ake ndipo ndizofunikira kukula mu njira ya bonsai.

Zimasamalira nyumba kusamalira gardenia jasmine

Gardenia Jasminoid zosazindikira kwenikweni ndipo kumusamalira kuli ndi mavuto ena. Zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kulikonse mwazimene zimakhala ndi kukasupa masamba ndi kutaya masamba. Kupambana kukukula zomera kumatsatira mosamalitsa zofunikira zonse zomwe zimapereka.

Kuunikira ndi kutentha

Maluwa okongola a gardenenia ndi okonda kuwala, koma osati kuwala kwa dzuwa. Masana ndifunika kutetezera ku dzuwa lotentha ndi nsalu yotuluka. Apo ayi, timapepala timayaka moto. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi malo olowera kum'mwera chakumadzulo kapena kumadzulo. Pawindo la kumpoto-sill adzafuna kuunikira kwina.

Iye sakonda makamaka kusintha kwa maluwa ndipo akhoza ngakhale kugwa mphukira potengera kayendedwe ka poto pang'ono.

The momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa mbewu m'chilimwe - kuyambira 21 mpaka 24 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - mkati mwa 16-18 ° C, kuchepetsa kwa 10 ° C kumavomerezedwa.

M'miyezi yozizira, kuzizira ndi kofunikira kwambiri kwa iye, kumene kulibe kuchepetsedwa m'mikhalidwe yosakwanira masana.

Kukongola kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuchokera ku madontho otentha ndi kutentha.

Koma makamaka amawopa hypothermia ya mizu ndipo amatha kutero mwa kugwa masamba ndi kuvunda kwa mizu. Choncho musayikemo mphika ndi chiweto chobiriwira pamtunda. Pankhaniyi, kukwera kulikonse kudzakuthandizani.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Muyenera kuthirira maluwa omwe mumakonda kwambiri. Ndizoopsa kwa iye ngati clod yowonjezera, ndi madzi ake. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda madzi, m'nyengo yozizira imaloledwa kuti iume pang'ono pakati pa madzi. kuya kuya 1.5 masentimita.

Madzi ayenera kuphika, osankhidwa kuchokera ku zonyansa ndi kutentha pang'ono. Ndikofunika kuti mutenge nthawi zonse kuti mutenge poto mutatha kuthirira. Ndibwino kuti acidify madzi ndi mandimu (madontho pang'ono pa lita). Zakudya zambiri zimadulidwa ndi zomera zokha zokhazokha.

Kutentha kwakulu - Chikhalidwe china chofunika cha kukongola kwa kukongola. Amakonda kupopera mbewu tsiku lililonse. M'chilimwe, mankhwala amadzi ayenera kukhala makamaka nthawi zambiri. Maluwa a shrub ayenera kupopedwa mofulumira kuti madontho a chinyezi asagwere pamakhala osakhwima. Sizimapweteka kuti mtengo ukhale pamtengatenga ndi malo osungira ndi malo omwe ali pafupi ndi madzi.

Feteleza ndi kuvala

Kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn, mbewu imadyetsedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse, kusinthasintha pakati pa maluwa feteleza ndi organic organic feteleza. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwa azaleas. Nthawi zingapo pa nyengo, kuvala kwa foliar kumachitika ndi kukonzekera ndi chitsulo.

Nthawi yopumula

Kuyambira mwezi wa Oktoba mpaka February, chomeracho chimakhala ndi mpumulo pamene chimapuma ndi kupeza mphamvu. Panthawiyi, kuthirira kwafupika, ndipo kudyetsa kwaletsedwa. Mpumulo wa duwa ndi wofunikira kwambiri kuti usalefuke ndipo uli wokonzeka kuphulika kwatsopano.

Maluwa

Maluwa okongolawa amamera kuyambira chilimwe mpaka October. Amakonzekera maluwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mukamangiriza masamba (March-April), chitsamba chimathiridwa moyenera, chitetezedwa ku dzuwa, ndipo chipinda chimayambira nthawi zonse (popanda drafts!). Panthawi imeneyi, kutentha kwakukulu n'kofunika kwambiri: usiku - kuyambira 16 mpaka 18 ° C madzulo - kuyambira 18 mpaka 20 ° C.

Pakubwera kwa masamba amafunika kusamala kwambiri. Zonse zomwe ali m'ndende zimatsatiridwa mosamalitsa. Ndikofunika kufufuza kutentha, chinyezi, acidity padziko lapansi, ndi zina. Chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kochepa kwa wolima, kukongola kosasangalatsa kumatha kutaya masamba. Kasamba ka maluwa sayenera kukonzedwanso ndi kupotozedwa mozungulira, ndipo ndizosatheka kukhudza maluwa ndi manja anu.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti panthaŵi imeneyi, mtundu wake wa chipale chofewa ungasinthe, kukhala wotumbululuka chikasu kapena kirimu.

Ambiri amalima maluwa, makamaka oyamba kumene, chiweto chimakana kuphulika, chifukwa pali zifukwa zambiri. Izi zikhoza kukhala dothi losavomerezeka, kuthirira ndi madzi ouma, mpweya wouma, kuunika kosauka, kusowa kwa zakudya zopitirira muyeso, kutsika kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri ndi zolakwira zina. Monga mukuonera, kusunga mwakhama malamulo onse a chisamaliro kungachititse kukongola kukuwonetseni nokha mu ulemerero wake wonse.

Kudulira

Maonekedwe abwino a chitsamba amapezeka ndi kukonza nthawi. Pofuna kupeza phokoso muzitsanzo zazing'ono zimapanga nsonga za mphukira. Kwa akulu akulu, nthambi zofooka zimachotsedwa, ndipo zotsalira zotsalira zimadulidwa ku gawo limodzi mwa atatu.

Kuti apange mtengo wamtengo wapatali, nthambi zammbali zimachotsedwa ndipo mbali yokhayo imachoka. Mukafika kutalika, panizani pamwamba pa kukula ndikupanga korona, kudula mphukira zambiri.

Kusindikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a nthaka

Maluwa sasowa kafukufuku. Ndikofunikira kokha pamene mphika wakhala wocheperako, mizu yayambira pa dziko lonse lapansi kapena pali mavuto nawo.

Kuwombera bwino kumachitika bwino kumapeto kwa masika kapena maluwa. Kusintha kwapakati - kusinthika kulikonse 2-3 zaka.

Nthaka imakhala yowawa, yosasunthika ndi yowonjezera. Ndi gawo loyenera la azaleas. Kapena mungathe kukondweretsa mzanga wobiriwira ndi kudzikonzekera nokha kwa magawo ofanana:

• Dziko la Sod
• Dziko la Coniferous
• Peat
• Mchenga wambiri, vermiculite kapena perlite

M'kupita kwa nthawi, malo oterewa okhala ndi chilengedwe amachotsedwa. Choncho, m'tsogolomu, m'pofunika kuigwiritsa ntchito mwezi uliwonse ndi madzi ndi citric acid (mwamuna ndi mkazi akutsikira ku 1 l) ndi vitriol ya buluu (0,5 g pa lita imodzi ya madzi). Kapena mungagwiritse ntchito kuthirira peat kulowetsa madzi.

Thirani mutatha kugula

Anangogula zokongola za gardenenia zomwe sizingatheke. Muyenera kuyembekezera masabata awiri kapena atatu ndikuonetsetsa kuti maluwa atha. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, maluwawo amachotsedwa pamphuno (mumayenera kuugwedeza pansi, ndikugwiritsira ntchito tsinde ndikugwedeza chitsamba). Ndiye ziyenera kukhala bwino kwambiri kuti zitsuke mizu yoyendetsa dothi, osati zofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo, ndi kuyika chiweto mu chidebe chatsopano choposa china choyambirira. Kufunika madzi okwanira pansi pake.

Kuswana

• Tsinde la cuttings. Mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja, apical cuttings pafupifupi 10 masentimita yaitali amadulidwa ku chitsamba. Chapamwamba 3-4 masamba otsala, ena onse achotsedwa. Dothi limadulidwa kwa mphindi zingapo ku Kornevin, kenaka idabzalidwa mu mchenga wa mchenga, utayidwa ndi zojambulazo, osaiwala madzi ndi kutsekemera nthawi zonse. Mitengoyi imayamba mizu pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kenako imaikidwa mu nthaka yabwino. Mphukira imapezeka mofulumira ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yotsika.
• Mbewu, zomwe zingatengedwe kuchokera kumtunda wanu kapena kugulitsidwa m'sitolo. Ndikofunika kuti iwo atsopano - okalamba amakhala ochepa kwambiri. Kufesa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthangazi zimagwedezeka tsiku limodzi ndikufesedwa mchenga wa mchenga ku kuya kosaposa 5mm. Mphamvu ndi mbewu zimaphimba ndi filimu kapena galasi ndi malo pamalo otentha. ndi kutentha kosachepera 25 ° C. Kutha kupopera mankhwala ndi kuyendetsa mphukira zoyamba kungatheke m'mwezi. Mmera wakula kuchokera ku mbewu udzaphuka pokhapokha patatha zaka zingapo.

Matenda

Pamene kukula kwa minda yamaluwa yofanana ndi maluwa imakumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Zowonjezeka kwambiri ndi izi:

• Chifukwa chiyani mumachoka chikasu. Mwinamwake chifukwa chake ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, madzi okwanira kapena acidity ya nthaka. Kupititsa patsogolo kutentha kwa nyengo ndi kuthirira bwino kudzathandiza kuthetsa vutoli. Kuyamba kwa chelate yachitsulo m'nthaka kudzakuthandizani kuchepetsa acidity m'nthaka.
• Mdima ndi masamba ogwa. Vutoli lingabwere chifukwa chosowa kuwala, zakudya zoperewera, kuyanika kapena kutentha kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyika chitsamba pamalo okongola ndi kumeta pang'ono, kudyetsa feteleza kwa azaleas ndikukhazikitsa madzi okwanira.
• Chifukwa chiyani amasiya kutembenuka wakuda. Chifukwa chake chimakhala mu kuthirira madzi kapena kutentha kwa dzuwa. Mitengo yamkuntho iyenera kuikidwa. Mukatentha, chotsani masamba onse owonongeka ndikuyika mthunzi kwa kanthawi mumthunzi.
• Mdima ndi kugwa masamba ndi masamba. Izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa chokhazikika, kuvunda kwa mizu, kutentha kosayenera ndi kuunika. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusintha chisamaliro choyenera ndikutsatira ndondomeko zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa. Chitsanzo chowonongeke kwambiri chikuikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano, kuchotsa mbali zonse zokhudzidwa. Mitengo imatha kutembenuka wakuda popanda kupopera mankhwala. Sitiyenera kuiwalika kuti amavutika ndi ingress ya zamatope.
• Kugwa masamba. Ngati masambawo atembenuka kwambiri ndi chikasu kapena kuti akhale obiriwira, amatanthauza kuti duwa lakhala likuda nkhawa kwambiri ngati mphotho kapena "chilala" mu mphika. Iyenera kuikidwa pambali pakhomo lotseguka kapena pakhomo, kusintha madzi okwanira ndikupanga njira yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Epin.

Tizilombo

Kwa amayi okongola ndi owopsa:

• Shchitovka
• Kangaude mite
• Aphid

Kudula tizilombo kumachitika ndi thandizo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Anapanga mankhwala awiri kapena atatu pafupipafupi masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu mpaka kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo. Kupewa tizilombo - kuyendera masamba nthawi zonse, kusunga chinyezi chokwanira, kusunga chitsamba choyera.

Mosakayikira, chisamaliro cha munda jasminoid chimafuna mphamvu zambiri, chipiriro ndi khama. Koma ntchito siziri chabe. Poyang'anira chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro, chiweto chobiriwiracho chimakupatsani inu maluwa okongola okongola.

Chithunzi

Kenaka mudzawona zithunzi za matenda ndi chisamaliro cha pakhomo la Gardenia Jasminoid: