Okonda mphesa enieni nthawi zonse amafuna kukula mitundu yabwino pawebusaiti. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndondomeko yowunikira ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri: mawonekedwe a gululo, kukoma kwa zipatso, kukula kwa mbewu, ndi chitsimikizo cha chitsamba. Koma chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chomwe maluwa okoma amamvetsera ndi kupezeka kwa mbewu mu zipatso.
Inde, kawirikawiri, kuchuluka kwa mbewu zazikulu kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa mphesa. Imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mphesa zopanda mbewu ndi Jupiter, yomwe zonse zomwe zili pansipa zidzakhala zoperekedwa.
Timakamba za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mphesa "Jupiter"
Mitundu ya mphesayi inayambika ku kontinenti yathu kuchokera ku America, komwe idapangidwa ndi kuswana. Maonekedwe ake a makolo sakudziwika. Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zopanda mphamvu, zonse mwazinthu za zipatso ndi zowonjezera. Ndiyamikiridwa kuti cholinga cha mphesa "Jupiter" chiri ndi chilengedwe chonse: chiri choyenera mwatsopano kudya, kukonzekera kwa vinyo ndi zipatso zouma.
Zizindikiro zofotokozera za gulu la mitundu "Jupiter"
Ngati mukuyembekezera mphesa zazikulu ndi zolemetsa, ndiye kuti izi sizingadzitamande ndi kukula kwake. Masango ake ndi ofanana, akulemera kuchokera 200 mpaka 500 magalamu. Zomwe mawonekedwewa amapezeka zimakhala zolimba. Zipatso za mchenga sizinaikidwa mwamphamvu, chifukwa chazimene zimakhala zolimba kwambiri.
Kusamala kwambiri n'koyenerera zipatso za mphesa iyi. iwo amapangidwa mokongola kwambiri, pafupifupi 4-7 magalamu mulemera. Maonekedwe a zipatso ndi ovunda. Koma zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri kuona momwe zimakhalira kucha: pachiyambi, khungu lawo limakhala lofiira kapena lofiira kwambiri, lomwe nthawi yake yakucha imatembenuka mdima wakuda.
Izi ndizotheka kudziwa nthawi yokolola. Koma muyeneranso kumvetsera kukoma kwa mphesa "Jupiter", yomwe imadziwika ndi kugwirizana komanso kusangalatsa kwa muscat.
Kuonjezera apo, ndizokoma kwambiri, chifukwa chiwerengero cha shuga chokwanira cha zipatso za ofunikirayi ndi 21 magalamu pa 1 lita imodzi ya zamkati (ndi zizindikiro za aciditi za 5-6 magalamu pa volume). Mnofu ndi wathanzi, wokhala ndi madzi ambiri, owombedwa ndi khungu lolimba. Chifukwa cha iye, zipatsozo sizongotengedwa bwino, komanso zimakhala zotsutsana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi m'mlengalenga ndi nthaka.
Mbali za zokolola za mphesa ndi nthawi yake yosonkhanitsa
Chokolola choyamba cha mpesa "Jupiter" chimayamba kukondwa kuchokera zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Chitsamba chimayamba kukula. Chifukwa cha katemera wabwino, ovary amapangidwa bwino, pamphuno limodzi kuchokera ku masango awiri mpaka atatu. Chifukwa chake ngakhale Pa kuchapa kulemera kwa mphesa sikupitirira 0.5 kilogram, kupereka malipiro a mbeu sikofunikira.
Chitsamba mosavuta chimasunthira ngakhale kukwana 40. Chifukwa cha zonsezi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayenera kukhala ndi udindo waukulu.
Kuchokera pa hekita imodzi ya zolima za mphesa zomwe zafotokozedwa mosiyana, zimakhala zosasunthika kuchoka kuchokera pakati pa 200 mpaka 250 omwe ali ndi zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri.
Ambiri amayenera kusankha izi zosiyanasiyana kuti azikolola msanga. Kuyambira pomwe mphukira imaphukira pa mpesa kufikira zipatso zakula, zimatenga masiku 105-110 okha. Choncho, n'zotheka kuyamba kukolola kale m'masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa August, popeza zipatso zamtundu wa buluu zimasonyeza mwachibadwa.
Mwachidule phindu la mitundu ya mphesa "Jupiter"
• Kusakhala ndi mbeu mu zipatso, kupangitsa kukoma kwawo kukhala kosavuta komanso kolemera. Kusapanda dzikolo ku Asia ndi kosawerengeka, koma m'mitengo muli zochepa.
• Zokolola zapamwamba ndi zofotokozera zabwino za zipatso zake.
• Kuyenerera kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndege ndi kopanda mbewu popanda mavuto kukulepheretsa kusintha kwa chinyezi.
• Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi mizu yokhala ndi rooting, yomwe imathandizira kwambiri kubereka.
• Imodzi mwa mitundu yovuta kwambiri yomwe ingalekerere nyengo yozizira mpaka 25-27ºС.
• Mitundu yoyamba sikuti imangotulutsa mbewu zokha, koma imalowa pazitsamba za mphesa pa nthawi ya fruiting.
Mitundu ya mitundu yomwe aliyense wa vinyo ayenera kudziwa
Ngakhale kuti mphesa ya "Jupiter" ikukongola, imabweretsa ambiri miyeso yotsutsana ndi matenda omwe amafala kwambiri m'minda yamphesa: mildew, oidium, imvi zowola. Pachifukwa ichi, mphesa zitsamba za zosiyanasiyana zimapanga pachaka zowononga kupopera mankhwala. Pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha 100%, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika katatu nthawi imodzi.
Zovuta zina, zomwe mwatsoka sizingathetsedwe, ndizochepa za masango. Ambiri amaganiza kuti izi ndizovuta, osaganizira kuti chifukwa cha masango ambiri, zokolola zimakhalabe zapamwamba kwambiri.
Timadziŵa bwino zomwe zimabala zipatso za mphesa za Jupiter: timasankha njira ndi nthawi yobzala
Mphesa zikhoza kufalikira m'njira zambiri. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake, ngakhale kuti n'zosatheka kudziwa kuti ndi bwino. Makamaka mphesa zimafalitsa:
• Ndi mbande zokhazikika kapena zothandizidwa.
• Njira yothandizira kudulira zipatso pamtengo wogwiritsa ntchito nkhuni zosatha komanso mizu yotukuka bwino.
• Ndiyamika ku zitsulo kuchokera ku wamkulu fruiting shrub.
Pachiyambi choyamba, ubwino ndikuti chitsamba chatsopano chidzalandire makhalidwe onse omwe angatayike pamene akuphatikizidwa pa katundu wosiyana. Ngakhale ngati mukufuna kukula shrub yamphamvu ya Jupiter zosiyanasiyana, zidzakhala zosavuta kuti mukwaniritse izi pamene mukukalumikiza. Zotsatira zabwino ndi zosiyana ndi rootstocks za mphesa "Kober 5BB", "C04" ndi "Berlandieri X Riparia".
Zili zosavuta kufalitsa izi zosiyanasiyana pogwirana; komabe, pa izi, munthu wamkulu ndi fruiting shrub wa zosiyanasiyana zofunikira.
Timasankha nthawi yoyenera ndi masiku odzala mphesa "Jupiter"
Mbewu iyi yabzalidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa March ndipo pafupi mpaka yoyamba ya yophukira chisanu. Chilichonse chimadalira pa njira yomwe mubzala, munaganiza zofalitsa mphesa zomwe mumakonda.
N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za kulima mphesa ku mwala
M'chaka, mbande zimakula kuchokera ku cuttings mu miphika yamba nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa ngati pulasitiki, ndipo grafts amathandizidwa ku rootstocks. Komabe, yoyamba iyenera kubzalidwa nthawi ina, pafupi ndi chilimwe kapena ngakhale theka la June. Ndipotu, mbande zoterezo zimakhala ndi masamba omwe angasokonezeke ndi nyengo yachisanu.
Koma kubzala kapena kubzala mbande zimakhala bwino kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, koma zakhazikika kale. Mulimonsemo, kwa nthawiyi, mpaka pokhapokha chitsamba chobzalidwa chidzasinthira kukula mu malo atsopano, chiyenera kuphimbidwa. Kawirikawiri makatoni omwe ali ndi dzenje lapadera pamwamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
Komabe, ambiri amasankha nthawi yophukira monga kubzala mbande ndi kumtumikizanitsa. Chowonadi chiri chakuti kubzala kwadzinja kuli ndi ubwino wotsatira:
• M'dzinja pali mitundu yambiri yosankhika ya mbande yomwe ikukula ndi kugulitsidwa mzipinda zapadera.
• Kugwa kwa mphesa, ndiko kuti, cuttings. Ndiponso, ndendende Inoculation ndi bwino kuchita panthawi yamtendere monga kudula ndi kugulitsa.
• Mosiyana ndi nthaka ya masika, kugwa kumakhala yodzaza ndi chinyezi, choncho zimangobzala mphesa sizidzamwe madzi nthawi zambiri monga masika.
• Kudyetsa kwadzinja, makamaka kumangokhala kusungirako zokolola mpaka nthawi ya masika ndipo zimakhala bwino kwambiri kuposa kudula mchenga ndi zipatso za m'nyengo yozizira.
Kumalo komwe kuli kovuta kwambiri kukula mphesa: timakambirana za mpumulo, nthaka, ndi munda wamphesa
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kusankha malo odzala mphesa kumene chitsamba chidzatetezedwa bwino ndi mphepo zakumpoto. Komanso, malo osaloledwa sayenera kulola kutuluka kwa mpweya wa mpweya woziziritsa, umene ukhoza kusokonezeka kwambiri pa kukula kwa chitsamba chomwecho komanso pa fruiting yake.
Olima amalangizi amalangiza kuti abzala mphesa kuchokera kumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa nyumba kapena nyumba zina, kotero kuti chomeracho chimateteza osati mphepo chabe, komanso nthawi zonse zimalandira dzuwa lambiri. Ndipotu musaiwale kuti mphesa ndizo zomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri dzuwa, makamaka zipatso zake zimafuna kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Ponena za malowa, m'pofunika kusankha malowa pamtunda wapamwamba, mosayenera kuti zikhale zitunda kapena zigwa. Ndipotu, m'madera otere nthawi zambiri anthu ozizira amakhala ozizira.
Ponena za makhalidwe a nthaka, mphesa sizingatchedwe chomera. Ndipotu nthawi zambiri zimakula m'mayiko akum'mwera, pamapiri otsetsereka, kumene sikungatheke kupeza nthaka yachonde. Komabe, muyenera kuganizira kuti Muzowuma kwambiri kapena dothi loopsya, silikula.
Choncho, ngati nthaka yanu siyi yabwino kwambiri kumunda, ndi bwino kugwira ntchito pang'ono ndikudyetsa bwino: kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, malo onsewa akhoza kusungidwa pansi pa nthunzi zakuda ndipo nthawi zonse amawonjezera feteleza. M'pofunikanso kuganizira mlingo wa madzi apansi m'dera lanu, ndipo ngati atapitirira mamita 1.5 - onetsetsani kuti mukukonzekera dongosolo la madzi musanadzale mphesa.
Funso lina lofunika - momwe mungabzala munda wamphesa? Ndi mtunda wotani pakati pa wina ndi mzake kuti mubzalitse mphesa? Chilichonse chimadalira momwe mphamvu zako za mphesa zimakhalira. Pakati pa tchire ndi mphamvu yakukula, yomwe imangofanana ndi "Jupiter", mphesa iyenera kukhala yamita 2 mpaka 4.
Dangali limangotenga munthu wamkulu fruiting shrub. Kuti zitsamba zazikulu zitsamba zizichitika pafupifupi mamita 6. Ndiyeneranso kulingalira kuti ngati mutabzala mphesa pafupi ndi chipinda chapansi cha nyumbayo, muyenera kuchoka pamtunda pafupifupi mamita 0.7.
Zopindulitsa za kulima bwino mpesa: kulumikiza kolondola kwa mmera
Kubzala mphesa sikumakhala kovuta, koma kwatambasula pang'ono. Chowonadi nchakuti ndikofunikira kukonzekera dzenje lodzala msanga: muyenera kupanga feteleza okwanira kwa zaka zoyamba za kukula kwa mphesa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yobzala, fetereza zonsezi ziyenera kukhazikika mu dzenje, kuti mbeuyo isagwere mu dzenje pambuyo pake.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu chodzala mphesa, ndi mbewu zina zam'munda ndi mitengo, sikuti aike mzuzi pansi pa nthaka - ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa pamwamba pake.
Mu dzenje, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala pafupi mamita 0.8-1 komanso m'lifupi, zotsatirazi "zotsatila" zotsatirazi zimayikidwa:
• Mzere wambiri - pafupifupi masentimita asanu.
• Dothi lachonde ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10.
• Gawo la humus - timagona pafupifupi ndowa 2-3.
• Dothi lachonde ndilo pafupifupi masentimita 10.
Zigawo zonsezi, kupatula miyala yonyamulira, zimafunika kwambiri kuti zitha kusakanikirana ndi kuziphimba ndi nthaka ina yomwe ingalekanitse mbewu ndi feteleza. Kenaka, tikudikirira masabata awiri (kapena, ngati mukukonza dzenje kugwa, masika) ndikupangika molunjika. Koma izi zisanachitike, mawu ochepa pokhudza kusankha sapling ndi kukonzekera.
Mbewu zabwino ndi zapamwamba ziyenera kukhala ndi mizu yoyera. Mdulidwe wake ukhale wobiriwira, mwinamwake mbewuyo idzakhala youma kale. Musanadzalemo, ndikofunika kwambiri kubzala mbewu m'madzi masiku angapo, chifukwa choti amadyetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, chomwe chidzathandizira kuphukula.
Kubzala mphesa kumaphatikizapo kuti muchepetse mu dzenje d ya msinkhu wa mzu (ndi bwino kuwukweza pamwamba pa nthaka) ndikuyika mwatcheru dzenje. Kuti dothi ligone molimba ndipo palibe "mipata" ndi mpweya pafupi ndi mizu, pakati pa njirayi mukhoza kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi m'dzenje, ndipo mutangomaliza kudzaza. Mutabzala pafupi ndi mmera, kumbali ya kumpoto, muyenera kuyendetsa galimoto, ndikutsanulira nthaka mozungulira kwambiri ndikuphimba ndi mulch.
Mbewu za mphesa zimadulidwa kumsika ndi katundu wambiri wamatabwa
Njira yofalitsira mphesa imapanganso kukonzekera. Gawo loyamba ndi kukonzekera cuttings, omwe maenje 2-3 adzakhala okwanira. Mbali yam'munsi ya kudula kudula mbali zonse ziwiri, kupanga mphete. Ndiponso musanayambe inoculation, iyeneranso kuviikidwa m'madzi, ndipo imathandizidwanso ndi njira yapadera yothetsera - "Humate". Akatswiri amalimbikitsa parafini kumapeto kwa kudula - izi zimathandiza kusunga chinyezi mu kudula kwa nthawi yaitali.
Pofuna kukonza katundu, choyamba chotsani chitsamba chakale. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala, kuchoka podula mokwanira komanso 10 sentimenti penechki. Komanso, pamwamba pa chitsacho ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala, kuzipangitsa kukhala kosalala bwino. Pakatikati pali pakati, osagawanika, omwe amatha kudzicheka okha (kapena, ngati katundu ndi waukulu kwambiri, zidutswa zambiri).
Komanso, kudula kumaikidwa mugawikana, katunduyo mwamphamvu mwamphamvu, yokutidwa ndi chonyowa dongo. Zochita zina zonse zimakhala zofanana ndi pamene mutabzala pulasitiki.
Mbali yosamalira mphesa "Jupiter"
• Mphesa ziyenera kuthiriridwa musanayambe maluwa komanso nthawi ya mapeyala pa inflorescences. Komanso, m'pofunika kudyetsa ndi chinyezi pa nthawi yamvula.
• Pambuyo kuthirira nthaka yozungulira mpesa, onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba ndi mulch wa masentimita atatu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito utuchi wouma kapena moss chifukwa cha izi, humus ndi yochepa kwambiri pazinthu izi, koma imagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri.
• M'nyengo yozizira, mphesa zing'onozing'ono zimayenera kuphimbidwa. Kuti muchite izi, phukusi lopanda pansi limayikidwa pamwamba pa nyemba ndipo limadzazidwa ndi mchenga, kupanga mapiri khumi ndi awiri pamwamba pake. akulu akulu a zosiyanasiyana zimenezi samafuna kubisala.
• M'dzinja iliyonse mpesa uyenera kudulidwa. Mphukira iliyonse ya Jupiter mphesa imfupikitsidwa ndi maso pafupifupi 6-8.
• Kudyetsa chitsamba cha mphesa kuyeneranso kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, chomwe chingathandize kuwonjezera zipatso zake. Mavitamini ndi minerals (potassium, phosphorus, nayitrogeni) amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza.
• Kuteteza chitsamba kuti zisathenso kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, ziyenera kupopedwa nthawi zonse katatu pa nyengo: 2 nthawi isanayambe maluwa komanso kamodzi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Bordeaux Liquid, Thanos, kapena fungicides.
