Snapdragon - maluwa azaka zamtundu wa herbaceous, omwe kale amatchedwa banja la Norichnikov, tsopano - Podorozhnik. Dzinalo la sayansi la mtunduwu ndi Antirrinum, limaphatikizapo mitundu 50, kuphatikizapo mitundu yosatha yamtunduwu. Woimira wamkulu wamtunduwu ndi Great snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.). Kuswana kwapadziko lonse kuli ndi mitundu mazana ambiri ndi ma hybrids, mitundu 10 imalowetsedwa mu boma la Russian Federation. Mu Chingerezi, snapdragon amatchedwa Snapdragon.
Momwe zimayambira komanso mawonekedwe ake
Mitundu yoyendera maluwa kuthengo idapezeka ku America, kenako ndikugawidwa ku Europe ndi Russia.
Awa ndi zitsamba zopindika za piramidi yokhala ndi maluwa osavuta kapena owirikiza kawiri osakhazikika, wophatikizidwa ndi mabulashi a inflorescence ndipo amakhala pamayendedwe apamwamba.
Mtundu waukulu wa snapdragon ndiwodzikula pachaka kumwera kwa Europe (France, Spain, Malta), North Africa (Libya, Tunisia, Morocco) ndi East Asia (Turkey, Kupro). M'mayiko awa, chikhalidwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochulukitsa mapaki ndi misewu yamizinda.
Masipinda am'munda osungika m'misewu
Chule wanyani (munda)
Wild snapdragon (Wild Flax, Common Flax) ndi masamba osatha, ofikira kutalika kwa masentimita 60, ndi tsinde losavuta kapena lopindika pang'ono, pomwe masamba owoneka ngati masamba obzalidwa kwambiri.
Zithunzi za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana zimatha kukhala pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pawo. Mu antirrinum iyi yayikulu pamwamba pa mphukira, imakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakumaso. Maluwa amatseguka nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri maluwa apamwamba mu burashi amatseguka pomwe am'munsi atafota kale.
Maluwa atchire atha kukhala achikasu, ofiira, amtambo, a violet makamaka ndi perianth yosavuta. Zipatso - makapisozi mpaka 2 cm kutalika ndi mbewu zazing'ono zokuta.
Mtengowu umapezeka nthawi zambiri ku Russia. Nthawi zambiri imamera ngati udzu womera m'malo opanda zinyalala, malo, malo otsetsereka, m'mphepete, m'misewu, m'nkhalango zowuma. Komanso, imatha kupezeka paz ziwembu zanu.
Zofunika! Fulakisi wamba wamba amatchedwa chomera chakupha, makamaka ng'ombe.
Momwe maluwa aphulira
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, tchire limapanga maudzu olimba okhala ndi mabulashi. Mu mitundu ya antirrinum, masamba mu burashi, monga lamulo, lotseguka nthawi imodzi. Pa chomera chimodzi, 2040 inflorescence amatha kupangidwa - spikelets, pa spikelet iliyonse kuchokera pa maluwa 5 mpaka 50 kapena kupitilira, kutengera mtundu.
Tcherani khutu! Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa zambiri zimakhala ndi, zazifupi komanso zochepa mkati mwake, ndipo mosiyanasiyana - tchire lalitali limakhala ndi mapesi ataliatali okhala ndi maluwa ambiri.
Maluwa amakhala ndi nkhwangwa imodzi ya symmetry (zygomorphic), yotalika masentimita 2 mpaka 5. Kuyambira pansi, chubu cha kutalika kosiyanasiyana, kotsirizika pamatumba otseguka, chimasiyanitsidwa. Mbale zazifupi zimatchedwa "mlomo wapamwamba," wautali wotchedwa "mlomo wapansi." Antirrinum imakhala ndi ziwonetsero zambiri - 4. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala ndi m'mphepete mosavuta kapena pamaso, yunifolomu kapena mtundu wa heterogenible, ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Maluwa ali ndi fungo labwino.
Duwa la Snapdragon
Pamene snapdragon limamasula
Mitundu ndi ma hybrids amagawidwa ndi maluwa:
- koyambirira - pachimake patadutsa masiku 60-70 patatha nthawi yoyamba kukula - antirrinums ochepa, mitundu Machaon, Sakura Blossom;
- sing'anga - pachimake patadutsa masiku 70-90 patatha nthawi yobzala - mitundu yayitali kwambiri;
- mochedwa - maluwa awo amawonekera patadutsa masiku 90 chiyambire nyengo yakukula.
Nthawi yamaluwa pamitundu iliyonse imakhala payokha ndipo imasiyanasiyana kwambiri ngakhale mitundu yamagulu osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, pakupanga kwamabedi amaluwa ndi mitundu yosakanikirana, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire mosamala malongosoledwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya snapdragon ndi mbewu zake. Malinga ndi nthawi ya maluwa, ma antirrinums agawidwa:
- mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yochepa maluwa - mpaka masiku 50 (Cinderella hyacinthaceous);
- mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yotulutsa maluwa - kuyambira masiku 50 mpaka 100 (Phoenix);
- mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotulutsa maluwa - kuyambira masiku 100 mpaka 150 (Arthur, Machaon);
- mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotulutsa maluwa - wopitilira masiku 150 (mawonekedwe amtunda ndi osatha).
Pazida za antirrinum kuphatikiza ndi Lobelia ndi Petunias
Snapdragon amatanthauza chomera chosagwira ozizira, koma masamba amasankhidwa kuti nthawi yake yobzala isathe isanayambike chisanu chokhazikika, apo ayi mbewuzo zimawoneka zosawoneka bwino ndi mitengo yoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Mitundu yosachedwa kubzala iyenera kukhala yokhazikika muzotengera zikhalidwe ndi kusamutsidwira ku malo ozizira ukayamba.
Snapdragon: kutalika kwa mbewu
Kutengera kutalika kwa chikhalidwe chokongoletsera, mitundu yotsatirayi ya snapdragon imasiyanitsidwa:
- wamtali (yaying'ono) - kutalika kwa mbewu 20-35 cm, mainchesi 20-30 cm, woyenerera bwino kumera mumiphika, wophatikizidwa ndi maluwa onse;
- sing'anga - tchire kutalika kuchokera 35 mpaka 60 masentimita, 25-25 masentimita, m'minda yamaluwa yamaluwa ndi chikhalidwe chokhacho;
- okwera - tchire 60-80 cm, 25 cm masentimita;
- chachikulu kwambiri - pamtunda wa 80 masentimita, m'mapaki amapezeka ngati kumbuyo kapena mawonekedwe a mpanda.
Ma Antirrinums kumbuyo
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya snapdragon osatha
Mitundu yosatha ndi yofunika kwambiri pakati pamaluwa amateur. Ganizirani otchuka kwambiri.
Pakati pa snapdragon
Mitundu ya Twini imatengera mitundu ya compry terry yokhala ndi kutalika kwa mbewu mpaka 30 cm. Awa ndi mafupipafupi a mibadwo ya F1 - mbewu zokongola, zoyenera kumera m'malire ndi miphika:
Pakati pa Rose F1
- pinki yakuda - Violet;
- pinki yofiyira ndi yoyera - maluwa;
- pichesi - Peach;
- lalanje - Mithunzi ya Bronze.
Twini Bronze Shades F1
Terry snapdragon
Mitundu yamtunda wa Terry - Mvula yamaluwa (Maluwa amaluwa) ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosakanizidwa ya amitundu umodzi, awiri ndi mitundu itatu.
Mvula yamaluwa
Njoka yachikasu
Mitundu ya maluwa a Mvula, mitundu yachikasu ya dzina lomwelo imadziwika. Chosakanizidwa ichi chimatha kuphatikizidwa mosavomerezeka ndi mbewu zina zamitundu ndi mitundu iliyonse. Umayamba kutulutsa pakatha masiku 55-60 mutabzala ndipo imadziwika ndi maluwa mpaka nthawi yachisanu.
Makampani ambewu monga Aelita, Altai Mbeu ndi ena amapereka mndandanda wazaka zazitali za chaka chimodzi chotchedwa Brazil Carnival. Zomera izi ndizosavuta kubzala, mapesi ndi wandiweyani, oyenera kudula m'mbale.
Zachitetezo ku Brazil
Zovala zazing'onoting'ono pamalo otseguka
Kupambana kwa kukula kwa ma snapdragons panthaka ndikukonzekera koyenera kwa dothi losakaniza. Kodi ndi maudzu ena ati omwe wamaluwa aluso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pamene amalima? Izi zikufotokozedwa pambuyo pake.
Tcherani khutu! Zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe chakutunda, snapdragon imapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yachilengedwe komanso chinyezi.
Kukula snapdragons kuchokera ku mbewu
Mitundu yoyambilira imaphukira osapitilira masiku 55-60 mutamera. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti mukukula momwemo. Posankha nthawi yofesa mbewu za mbande, amatsogozedwa ndi nthawi yodzala tomato m'derali. Zaka za mbande komanso zokonda za antirrinum ndi tomato chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mpweya nthawi yobzala zimagwirizananso.
Pofesa tengani zotengera zosaya kapena malo obiriwira pulasitiki okhala ndi chivundikiro chowonekera. Pansi pa beseni muyenera kuthira mchere kuti muthane madzi okwanira. Dothi la Universal limasankhidwa ndi mawonekedwe osalala bwino, limatsanuliridwa mchidebe chokhala ndi masentimita 3.5-4, opukutidwa kuchokera botolo lothira.
Mbewu zimayikidwa pansi popanda kuyikidwa pansi. Popeza ndizochepa kwambiri, kusuntha kwa manja nthawi yofesa ndikufanana ndi kuthira mchere. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena kanema wa cellophane ndikusiya pakuwala pa kutentha kwa 18-22 ° C. Kutalika kwa msambo ndi masiku 7-10. Pamene mphukira yoyamba iwonekera, filimuyo imachotsedwa.
Zofunika! Mbewu za snapdragon sizingaikidwe m'manda - sizingadutse pansi.
Mbewu zimatambasuka mwachangu, pakadali pano zimafunikira kuthiridwa pang'ono ndi dothi lotayirira ndikuthirira madzi, kupewa kuthana ndi nthaka. Mbale yaying'ono ikafika kutalika kwa 4-5 masentimita, imayamba kubindikira mbande. Mitundu yaying'ono imabzalidwa m'mabokosi pamtunda wa 5 × 5 cm, ndipo yayitali komanso yayikulu imabzalidwa m'miphika ya 8 × 8 kapena 10 × 10 cm.
Kunja kubzala mbande
Asanabzala maluwa m'mabedi amaluwa, mbande zimatentha kwa masiku 10 mpaka 14 m'malo okhazikika. Mabokosiwo amasiyidwa pomwepo pamtunda wa mitengo, choyamba kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 40, ndikupangitsa kuti masiku onsewo mukhale masiku atatu mpaka anayi.
Dothi lokhala maluwa limakonzedwa mu kugwa. Kukumba mwakuya kumachitika, zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zimabweretsedwa: zotsalira za chomera pansi zimaphwanyidwira pansi, humus ndi peat ndizayandikira pansi. Nthaka imadzazidwa ndi feteleza wamaaminidwe ovuta pamlingo wa 40-60 g / m2.
Zomera zobzalidwa m'mabedi amaluwa pamtunda wa 30 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kuthiriridwa ndi mulch nthaka ndi singano kapena udzu wosenda.
Snapdragon: kufalitsa ndi odulidwa
Kudula kumatanthauza njira zolerera. Mutha kuyambiranso ngati mukufunikira kufalitsa mwachangu chomera chomwe mukufuna.
Zodulidwa zimadulidwa 1 cm pansipa ya Internode, yoyikika kwa maola 1-3 mu njira ya Kornevin ndikuyika madzi kuti ayike mizu, yomwe imatha milungu iwiri.
Tcherani khutu! Mizu yake ikawoneka, imasinthidwa kukhala chotengera kapena malo ena.
Momwe mungakulire mbewu pamalowo
Mukathilira mbande, kusamalira snapdragons kumakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, kudulira ndi kuyimitsa nthaka. Momwe matendawa amatha, amadulidwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito pruner.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbewu zimafunikira feteleza 3-4, makamaka mitundu yokhala ndi maluwa yayitali.
Kusankha malo abwino kwambiri
M'madera okhala ndi chilimwe chotentha, ma antirrinums amatha kubzala m'malo ochepa. Njira yabwino yobzala ili pafupi ndi udzu, womwe umathiridwa madzi ndikumwaza. Kuyeza kumeneku kumawonjezera chinyezi.
M'chigawo chapakati komanso kumpoto, snapdragon amamva bwino dzuwa. Dothi lomwe lili pamalopo liyenera kukhuta.
Kudyetsa chisacho
Chizindikiro pakuvala chikhoza kukhala kuti mbewu zasiya kupanga maudzu atsopano, mtundu wa maluwa umakhala wotumbululuka, masamba amasanduka achikaso.
Poterepa, 40 g ya urea imadzidulira mu 10 l lamadzi ndipo bedi lamaluwa limathiriridwa. Pakutha kwa nyengo, kuphatikiza feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu adzafunika: 20 g ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate imasungunuka mu 10 l lamadzi ndipo tchire limathirira ndi yankho.
Kodi ndiyenera kutsina snapdragons ndipo liti
Kukanikiza mitengo yayitali kumakupatsani mwayi wolimba. Imachitika pa chomera chaching'ono kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15. Mitundu yokwera ndi yocheperako imatha kupindika kangapo nthawi yachilimwe - izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale zitsamba zobiriwira.
Momwe mungasungire mbewu za snapdragon kunyumba
Kutola mbewu, mapesi a maluwa ayenera kuloledwa kuti akhwime bwino.
Ngati mvula komanso nyengo yozizira itayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena koyambilira kwa nyengo yophukira, maluwa sangakhale ataphukitsidwa. Pakutero, mbewuyo imakumbidwa mosamala ndi muzu, imatulutsidwa pansi ndikuimitsidwa mchipinda chouma, monga poyimitsa.
Tcherani khutu! Maluwa owuma amapukutidwa pakati pa manja, pepala lomwe limafalitsa kuti atolere mbewu, paketi ndi siginecha.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Ngakhale kuzizira kozizira, mitundu yosatha komanso yamtunda yayitali imasamutsidwira mnyumbayo nthawi isanakwane nyengo yozizira. Kupanda kutero, maluwa ena amataya mawonekedwe awo okongola. Mabasi azaka zamitundu mitundu amaikidwa m'maenje a kompositi.
Kukula snapdragons pa khonde
Kusakaniza kwa utawaleza wamaluwa mumphika wamphaka kukakhala kukongoletsa kwakukulu kwa khonde lililonse kapena loggia. Ndi chomera ichi, mutha kudabwitsa anzanu, alendo, owonera wamba. Zabisalira za snapdragons zomwe zikutukuka mumipango ndizofotokozedwa pansipa.
Maluwa a snapdragon m'miphika yamaluwa
Snapdragon: mitundu yocheperako yamitundu mitundu
Kuti mukulidwe mumphika, ndibwino kuti mubzale mitundu ingapo ya maluwa a maluwa amvula nthawi imodzi kuti mupeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, ma hybrids a monophonic amawoneka bwino limodzi: Crimson ofiira owala, Sakura wachikasu ndi oyera-pinki.
Zosakanikirana zina zowonjezera, maluwa omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosankhidwa amasankhidwa.
Chinsinsi cha wokalamba! Kusakaniza kwa mitundu kuyenera kubzalidwa mumphika ndi makulidwe, pamtunda wa 4-5 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Momwe mungabzalire mbewu zokulira mumiphika
Kufesa mbewu sikusiyana ndi kufesa mbande panthaka. Kusiyanako ndikuti pakakulira mumiphika, mbande zosambira zimachitika nthawi yomweyo pachidebe. Panthawi yodzala, nsonga za mphukira ndi nsonga za muzu zimapinikizika ku mbewu kuti ziletse kukula kwa mizu pansi pa nyengo yobzala kwambiri.
Nthawi yakula, dothi mumaphika limaphatikizidwa ndi ma humate complexes pakadutsa masiku 10-12. Ndi kulimidwa kwa mbewu, kukula kwa matenda a fungal ndikotheka pa iwo. Popewa, amapopera mankhwala ndi topazi. Miphika yamaluwa yowonekera pa khonde sangasiye aliyense wopanda chidwi ngati amasamalidwa bwino.
Kukongola kodabwitsa kwa chithunzithunzi cha maluwa ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chiyenera kubzalidwa patsamba lake kapena pano pafupi mumphika. Monga momwe zikusonyezera, wamaluwa omwe ayamba kukula ma antirrinums sangathenso kubzala maluwa, chaka chilichonse akuyesa mitundu ndi mitundu yatsopano.
