Otsanzira masiku ano akuvutika nthawi zonse kuti apange mitundu yodabwitsa komanso yolimba.
Komabe, mu mpikisano wotere, maonekedwe a mitundu yatsopano nthawi zambiri amavutika, kulemera konse kwa kukoma kwa mphesa ndi fungo labwino lachilengedwe lomwe limayambitsa chilakolako patali likutha.
Pachifukwa ichi, alimi ambiri odziwa bwino adzakhalabe okhulupirika kwa mitundu yakale, yomwe inamangidwa muzaka zapitazi.
Mmodzi wa mitundu imeneyi ndi Volzhsky mphesa.
Ngakhale kuli kovuta kusamalira zosiyanasiyana, kuli ndi ubwino wambiri umene ukuvuta kupeza pakati pa mitundu yamakono. Za iwo mwatsatanetsatane ndi kuwauza pansipa.
Tsatanetsatane wa varietal makhalidwe a mphesa "Volzhsky"
Mitundu ya mphesa imeneyi inalengedwa ndi obereketsa mmbuyo mu 1971, kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa.
Makamaka, usakaniza wa mungu kuchokera ku muscat monga Hamburg ndi vitis Amurenzis zinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mothandizidwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Woyamba wa Kuibyshev" inali mungu, chifukwa cha "mphesa" ya Volzhsky.
Makamaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa Wakulira pamtunda wa gulu lapakatiamene nyengo yake imakhala yabwino kwa iye kuti akule ndi fruiting. Mpaka pano, sichipezeka m'mabwalo amodzi, ngakhale kuti ndizofunikira zonse, popeza ndizo mphesa zabwino koposa.
Komanso, tchire za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zinyama zizikhala m'madera ambiri.
Mbali mphesa akuphwanya mitundu "Volzhsky"
Mipingo ya "Volzhsky" mphesa kukhala kaso kaso kwambiri ndi wokongola lonse conical mawonekedwe (nthawizina iwo ali shapeless). Nthawi zina mapiko amatha kupanga. Mu kukula kwake, kawirikawiri amapezekanso osakaniza ndi aakulu, kuyambira kutalika kuyambira 12 mpaka 23 cm.
Zipatso za muluwu zimayikidwa mwamphamvu, ngati gululo liribeponse - sing'anga wambiri. Komanso, kusiyana kwawo ndi phesi lalifupi kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuchotsa magulu ku chitsamba, zipatso zimatha kuwonongeka.
Chofunika kwambiri kunyada mphesa "Volzhsky" ndi zipatso zake.
Choyamba, ndi zazikulu kwambiri: kutalika kwa mabulosi amodzi akhoza kufika pafupifupi 2.1 centimita.
Chachiwiri, iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe okongola, okwanira komanso olemera kwambiri.
Chachitatu, mdima wandiweyani wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira umachititsa kuti zipatsozi zikhale zokongola komanso zokongola.
Kuwonjezera apo, thupi ndi losangalatsa modabwitsa komanso lokoma, pamene likudya, zikuwoneka kuti limasungunuka pakamwa. Kawirikawiri, kukoma kumagwirizana kwambiri.
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphesa yoteroyo imakhala yofanana ndi Amursky yosiyana, koma tikufulumira kukudziwitsani kuti ilibe kukoma kokha ndi kufanana kwa Amursky ndikunja chabe. Kuwonjezera apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa imalinso ndi shuga wambiri wa madzi, yomwe imafika pa nthawi ya kukhwima kosasunthika - kuyambira 14 mpaka 17% (ndiye, pamene acidity yake ndi yaikulu 9 g / l).
Terms of kucha mbewu ndi voliyumu ya fruiting mphesa "Volzhsky"
Ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi kusala zipatso zake, zomwe zimapangitsa kukula "Volzhsky" mphesa pakati woyendera. Amakulira m'mawu oyambirira, pafupifupi masiku 125-135 pa nyengo ya kukula kwa chitsamba (ino ndi nthawi yomwe chitsamba chimakhala ndi nthawi yakuphuka ndi kupanga mbewu). Choncho, kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso za zosiyanasiyanazi kumabwera kumapeto kwa August - kumayambiriro kwa September.
Pazinthu zenizeni za fruiting, mutha kusonkhanitsa mbewu zoyamba kuchokera ku tchire zomwe zabzala pa siteti yanu m'chaka chachitatu (ngati mbande zazaka ziwiri zidabzalidwa, kapena njira yogwiritsira ntchito zida zamatabwa zosatha).
Chitsamba chili ndi mphamvu yakukula., koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amasangalala ndi zokolola zambiri zokwanira: ngati chitsamba chimapangidwa ndi njira yowonjezerapo mafilimu, ndiye kuti zaka 3-5 izibala zipatso zokwana 4-6.5 kilogalamu zabwino. Koma pa tchire zakale ndikugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a zachilengedwe, zitsambazi zimatha kupanga makilogalamu 14 a zipatso zazikulu ndi zabwino.
Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga zakumenyana ndi matenda a mphesa ndi kupewa
N'chifukwa chiyani mphesa izi ayenera kubzalidwa: ulemu wa mphesa "Volzhsky"
- Mwapamwamba tebulo mphesa zabwino kwambiri kukoma ndi oyambirira-sing'anga kucha nthawi.
- Good rooting wa cuttings ndi kusintha kwa tchire kukula mu gawo pakati nyengo nyengo.
- Kukhalapo kwa maluwa okwatirana, chifukwa chakuti inflorescences a chitsamba ndi mungu wochokera 100%, ndipo zipatso sizitsamba.
- Kuwombera kucha mokwanira, kuonetsetsa zokolola zabwino.
- Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi kukwera kwa matenda a fungal omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudza minda yamphesa - mildew ndi imvi nkhungu.
Zoipa za zosiyanasiyana kapena chifukwa chake zimataya kutchuka kwake kale
Kawirikawiri, mitundu yonse ya mphesa imakhala ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimadziwonetsera okha mu madigiri osiyana.
Zovuta zofunika kwambiri mphesa "Volzhsky" ndi zake kutsika kwa chisanu ndi chisamaliro champhamvu kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, kuti mukwaniritse zokolola zambiri, muyenera kulumbirira bwino pamtunda komanso m'deralo. Kwa anthu otanganidwa masiku ano, izi sizolondola zokhazokha, chifukwa chake amatha kusankha mitundu yambiri yamphesa yosamalidwa komanso yosamalidwa bwino.
Kuonjezera apo, "Volga" mphesa ndizophimba zosiyanasiyana, zipatso zake zili ndi mbewu 2-3. Kwa ambiri, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhumudwa ndi kukoma kwa zipatso, zomwe zimanyalanyaza izi zosiyanasiyana.
Mmene mungabzalitse mphesa "Volzhsky" pa webusaiti yanu: malingaliro apadera
Nthanga za mphesazi zimachuluka kwambiri. Zokwanira kuti mudziwe njira yobzala ndikupitiriza kukonzekera.
Zina mwa njira zomwe zilipo za kufalitsa mphesa za mphesa za Volzhsky, kubzala mbande ndizoyenera, ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kuphunzitsa zipatso za cuttings ndi nthambi ku chitsamba chachikulu. Komabe, njira iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake.
Chifukwa cha mbande zomwe zinabzalidwa pa mizu yanu yokha, mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza 100% kuti idzakula shrub yeniyeni yomwe idzakulira. Komabe, panthawiyi mavuto onse adzawonekera.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mphesa ya "Volzhsky" kuti ikhale yolimba komanso yozizira kwambiri, zimatha kuwonjezereka kwambiri ndi kubereka kwake, komabe fruiting ingasinthe osati zongoganizira chabe komanso zamakhalidwe abwino. Kufalitsa ndi matepi ali ndi ubwino womwewo ndi ubwino monga kubzala mbande, koma n'zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Kodi kusankha malo abwino kubzala mphesa "Volzhsky"
Kuchokera pamene nyengo ya kukula kwa chitsamba chamtunduwu imatha nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala kumafunika kwa nthawi yake. Choncho, tchire za zosiyanasiyana mulimonsemo anabzala mumthunzi.
Ndi bwino kusankha malo kumbali ya kumwera kwa chiwembu chanu, kuti mthunzi usagwe pa mphesa kuchokera ku nyumba kapena zomera ndi mitengo. Ndiponso Kumwera kwakumadzulo kwa chiwembucho kumathandizansopopeza nthawi yayitali ndi yomwe dzuwa limawala.
Mtambo wina wofunikira womwe umayenera kuganiziridwa pamene kukula kwa mitundu yonse ya mphesa ndi ateteze iwo ku ozizira kumpoto.
Komanso, ndizoopsa kudzala tchire kumadera otsika, komwe mpweya wozizira ukhoza kukhala wochuluka kwa nthawi yaitali. Pachifukwa ichi, mphesa zimamera pamalo okongola kwambiri, pafupi ndi makoma a nyumba zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi mphepo. Ndipotu, kuopsa kwa kutuluka kwa nyengo yozizira kumalo a chitsamba nthawi ya maluwa ndi ofanana ndi imfa ya mbewu kapena pea yake.
Komanso, kuti chitsamba cha mphesa ndi kukula kwake, ndibwino kuti dothi likhale lachonde ngati n'kotheka. Dothi lakuda ndi lokongola kwambiri, dothi lowala ngati loams ndiloyenera.
Ngati palibe nthaka yotereyi, nthaka ikhoza kubzalidwa pokhapokha ndikupitirizabe kuichita nthawi zonse kukula kwa chitsamba.
Zofunikanso ganizirani za kuya kwa pansi: Ngati atapitirira mamita awiri kufika pamtunda, m'pofunika kukumba madzi m'deralo. Ndipotu, mizu ya mipesa imakula kwambiri, choncho imatha kukhala ndi glut.
Chiwembu cha kubzala mphesa baka mitundu "Volzhsky" pa site
Mphesa uliwonse ukufuna malo ambiri kuti kukula kwa mphukira ndi kukula kwa mizu, yomwe imapereka zakudya. Choncho, mphesa zamasamba ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi dongosolo lomwe limaganizira zonsezi.
Popeza mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Volzhsky" baka ali pafupifupi kukula mphamvu, koma mtunda pakati pa awiri baka ayenera kukhala 1.5-2.5 mamita. Koma pakati pa mizere iwiri ndikupanga kusiyana kwa mamita atatu.
Timasankha nthawi yoyenera ya chaka ndi nthawi chodzala mphesa
Ndi kubzala mphesa kulipo njira ziwiri: mbeu iyi ingabzalidwe nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira. Pazochitika zonse, pali zovuta ndi mphamvu, choncho zimakhala zovuta kudziwa nthawi yabwino yotsatila.
- Kudzala kwa mphesa kumatha kungoyambira kuyambira masiku otsiriza a March mpaka kwa oyambirira oyendetsa ndege. Ngati mbande zikugona ndi "zakuda" - ziyenera kubzalidwa mwamsanga.
Zomera zamasamba komanso zobiriwira - mochedwa. Phindu lalikulu lodzala mphesa mu kasupe ndikuti nthawi ino nyengo imakhala yotentha tsiku lirilonse, kulimbikitsa chitsamba kukula. Pambuyo nyengo yowonjezera, mphesa zidzakula ndikukhala bwino mu malo atsopano a kukula, zomwe zingamuthandize kulimbana ndi chisanu.
Ndiponso, chifukwa cha izi, mphesa zikhoza kuyamba fruiting pang'ono kale.
- Kubzala mphesa mu kugwa kumaloledwa kokha kwa mbande zomwe zadutsa kale mu nthawi yamtendere ndi kusonkhanitsa masamba ku rootstocks. Imachitika pakati pa mwezi wa October.
Nthawi imayenera kusankhidwa kuti mbeu yosabzalidwayo isakhale ndi nthawi yoyamba kukula nyengo yozizira isanayambe, koma sipanakhalebe chisanu cholimba. Ubwino wa kubzala kotere ndi kuti panthawiyi, choyamba, zokolola zafalitsa mphesa zimachitika, ndipo kachiwiri, nthaka yophukira imakhala yonyowa kwambiri kuposa nthawi ya kasupe, ndipo siimasowa kawirikawiri ulimi wothirira.
Mphesa mbande mitundu "Volzhsky" makamaka kubzala pa malo
Choyamba, ndibwino kukonzekera dzenje la sapling. Ndi bwino kukumba mpaka masentimita 80 mozama komanso mofanana. Zaka ngati zimenezi zimathandiza kuti feteleza ambiri azidyetsa kuthengo pazaka zoyambirira za kukula ndikugona pansi.
Monga feteleza, humus, potaziyamu, phosphates ndi nayitrogeni amagwiritsidwa ntchito (zotsirizirazo ndizochepa kwambiri, chifukwa zingakhudze kukula kwa mng'oma). Zonsezi feteleza wothira nthaka ndipo amagona mpaka pansi pa dzenje.
Komabe, gawo lina la masentimita 10 la nthaka yosasinthidwa liyenera kutsanuliridwa pa iwo kuti ateteze mizu ku zotentha. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, dzenje liyenera kutayika kwa masabata angapo kuti nthaka ichepetse. Apo ayi, izo zidzakhala pamodzi ndi nyembazo ndipo kenako mizu yake idzakhala pansi, yomwe ili yovuta kwambiri.
Njira yaikulu yosankhira mphesa ndi yoyera ya mizu ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa chapamwamba. Musanabzala, mbeu yomwe imapezedwa imalimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike m'madzi kuti zikhale zodzaza ndi chinyezi (izi zidzakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu kufikira zitatha kuyamwa chinyezi panthaka yokha).
Ndikofunika kuchepetsa mmera mu dzenje mpaka muyezo wa mizu yake, ndi bwino ngati imatuluka pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndikofunika kudzaza pang'onopang'ono, kuti asawononge mizu komanso kuti asachoke m'mlengalenga pafupi nawo (mizu idzauma kuchokera).
Zimalimbikitsa mkatikati mwa njirayi. kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi mu dzenje ndipo pokhapo pitirizani kugona. Mukamaliza ntchitoyi, mtengo uyenera kukumba pafupi ndi mmera, womwe umakhala ngati chithandizo. Nthaka yozungulira mmera imakhala madzi okwanira, ndipo nthawi yambiri imakhala ndi chinyezi, imakhala ndi mulch.
Katemera cuttings ku stock: bwanji kuti asokoneze chodzala zipangizo ndi kukula chitsamba chabwino?
Cuttings kwa katemera akukonzekera pasadakhale. Mwachindunji, kotero kuti iwo anali osaposa maso atatu. Pansi pa iwo, kudula kumadulidwa ku mbali ziwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zifike kumbuyo kwa chitsa ndi kuzika mizu mofulumira. Komanso, gawo ili likulimbikitsidwa kuti lichitike m'madzi osachepera tsiku loyamba la inoculation.
Thupi lidzakhala ndi gawo lomwelo ngati mmera. Kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu kungakhalenso dulani kudula mu njira yapadera ya mankhwala "Gumat". Mukamabzala m'dzinja, ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti parafini ichedwe.
Zogulitsa ziyenera kukhala zokonzeka nthawi yomweyo isanayambe kusindikizidwa.
Chinthu choyamba ndicho kuchotsa chitsamba cha mphesa chakale, ndipo mosamala muyeretsedwe. Kuwonjezera apo, pakatikati pa katundu, kupatukana kosazama kumapangidwa, kumene kudula mphesa kumaikidwa.
Kuti mukhale ndi rooting yabwino, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchitoyo ayenera kukoka ngati zolimba momwe zingathere. Kuti tichite izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu ya thonje: imakhala yokwanira, ndipo patapita pachaka idzadzipukuta yokha, yopanda kudziwonetsera yokha.
Kuti kusungidwa bwino kwa chinyezi, kumangirizanako kumayikidwa ndi dothi lonyowa. Nkhumba, ngati mmera, imathiriridwa ndipo nthaka yozungulira iyo ili ndi mulch.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa za chisamaliro cha mphesa "Volzhsky"?
- Chomerachi chimakonda kwambiri chinyezi, chomwe ndi maziko a mphamvu zake. Pa chifukwa ichi, pali nthawi pamene mphesa zimalimbikitsidwa kuthirira madzi: pa budding, pamaso maluwa, panthawi yopanga zipatso pa inflorescences. Komanda imakhalanso ndi nthawi izi.
- Mitengo yonse yothirira nthaka iyenera kutsagana ndi kuyamwa kwake, komwe kumadzetsa chinyezi nthawi yaitali. Mulch wabwino kwambiri wa minda ya mpesa ndi utuchi kapena moss, umene umakhala mu mpando wa masentimita 3-4.
- Zokolola zabwino za mphesa izi zimapereka ngati vuto lake likudyetsedwa bwino. Izi ziyenera kuchitika chaka chilichonse kuchokera pakalowa m'tchire kupita ku fruiting. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza komanso zakudya zamchere.
- Kudulira kwa chitsamba cha mphesa "Volzhsky" amalimbikitsa yaitali.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatanthawuza chophimba chomwe sichiyenera kuiwalika asanayambe nyengo yozizira.
- Ziphuphu zotsutsana ndi bowa zimachitika chaka chilichonse, makamaka katatu.
