Pamodzi ndi kukoma kwabwino, tomato amakhalanso akuchiritsa katundu.
Amathandizira odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi, mavitamini a B, kubwezeretsa dongosolo la mantha.
Komanso, tomato ali ndi chitsulo, zinc, potaziyamu, magnesium, zinthu zonse zomwe zili zofunika kuti thupi likhale labwinobwino.
Dera la Leningrad dera ndi lofewa m'nyengo yozizira komanso chilimwe.
Chidziwikire chake ndi kusasintha kwa nyengo: m'mawa pakhoza kukhala dzuwa lowala, madzulo - mvula yamkuntho, ndipo madzulo ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Ndicho chifukwa chake obereketsa akukumana ndi ntchito yovuta: kubweretsa tomato zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhale zosagonjetsedwa ndi mphepo, chinyezi ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.
Kalasi "Kudzaza Kwakuyera"
Mtengo wa obereketsa ku Kazakhstan. Zambirizi zakhala zikudziwika bwino pakati pa alimi, popeza zimatha kumera mizu yonse ndi kukolola zochuluka.
Otsitsa aphatikizidwa pa zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi mitengo yapamwamba ya chisanu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zikhale bwino mu nyengo yosasinthasintha monga m'dera la Leningrad. Tomato "Kudzaza koyera" amadyetsedwa mwatsopano, pofuna kumangiriza, kuthirira mphamvu, kusonkhanitsa, komanso kupanga madzi.
Zitsamba determinative, kukula mpaka 60 masentimita Zosiyanasiyana zimatengedwa mofulumira., chifukwa imalowa mkati mwa masiku 90 - 100 mutatha mphukira. Ngati mukukula mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, pokhapokha kenaka muonjezere kuwonjezera, ndiye kuti nthawi yakucha idzachepetsedwa kufika masiku 85 mpaka 90. Ndibwino kuti musamalidwe bwino pa tchire pafupifupi 3 - 4 makilogalamu a zokolola kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi.
Dzina la mitundu imeneyi mwina linkagulitsidwa kuchokera ku maapulo osadziwika bwino, chifukwa zipatso zokhazokha ndizo mtundu wofiira, motero amafanana ndi maapulo.
Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, nthawi zina zimakhala zokongoletsedwa pamwamba, zofiira. Kunja, tomato amenewa ndi osalala, pali nthiti pang'ono pafupi ndi tsinde. Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zolemera zitha kufika 150 g.
Izi ndi zosiyana synchronous yakucha zipatsozomwe sizingasweke atachotsedwa ku chitsamba. Mwamwayi, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zotsatira za matenda a phwetekere, zomwe zikhoza kuthandizidwa ndi chotupitsa, chovunda choyera, komanso tizilombo towononga nthaka.
Dothi lokongola la tchire limeneli lidzakhala lolemera, malo owala. Kuyika mbande kumachitika bwino kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, kukula kwa mbeuyi kuyenera kukhala osachepera 2 masentimita. Chosankhidwa chiyenera kuchitika ngati pali masamba amodzi kapena awiri enieni pa mbande.
Mbewu imayenera kudyetsa nthawi zonse, ndipo kuuma ndi zofunika masiku khumi musanabzala pansi. Ngati chodzala chikukonzekera pansi, ndiye kuti mbande ziyenera kukhala ndi masiku 55. Ngati mukufuna kupanga zina zotetezedwa kuti zikhale mbande, ndiye kuti mbande ingakhale yaing'ono. Lolani ngati mawonekedwe 70x30 - 40 cm.
Popeza tchire ndizochepa, palibe zinthu zina zomwe zimasamalira. Pamene pasynkovanii ayenera kuchotsa ambiri ofalumikizana mphukira, kotero kuti chomera chinali chokhalitsa chokha. Iyenso amalimbikitsidwa kupanga chithandizo china ku tchire ngati mawonekedwe a trellis ndi mtengo kuzungulira chitsamba. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitika nthawi zambiri osati mochuluka, komanso ndi madzi ofunda. Pa nthawi ya kukula ndi chitukuko, muyenera kupanga 2 - 3 kuvala kuti chomeracho chizuke mofulumira ndikubala zipatso kumunda kapena kutentha.
Sakani "Agatha"
Zosiyanasiyana zimatengedwa mofulumira chifukwa zimabala masiku 100 - 110. Mabasi otsika, otsika (mpaka masentimita 45 mu msinkhu), osakhala ofanana. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi chingathe kusonkhanitsidwa pafupifupi 4 makilogalamu a zipatso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imalingaliridwa kuti ndiyonse, yomwe ili yoyenera nthaka iliyonse.
Tomato a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ofiira, ozungulira, ochepa pamwamba, kufika 75 - 100 g mulemera. Zipatso zimakonda zokomaUkulu wofanana. Burashiyi ili ndi tomato 3 - 6.
Zipatso sizimasokoneza, komanso musapitirire. Mbewu ikhoza kunyamula mosavuta popanda mantha kuti chipatso chidzasokonekera. Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyanazi ingakhudzidwe ndi matenda, makamaka, mochedwa kuchepa. Koma, chifukwa zipatso zimabala mwamsanga, phytophtora alibe nthawi yovulaza kwambiri mbewu.
Pansi pa zochitika za Leningrad Region, munthu sangathe kudumpha msinkhu wa mbande zomwe zikukula, chifukwa mbewu sizidzapulumuka nyengo yosintha ya dera lino. Palibe zochitika mu dongosolo la kukula mbande.
Pa mamita mitala mukhoza kubzala mbande 6 - 7. Mutabzala, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka ndipo zatsala masiku khumi. Kuti zomera zikhale ndi moyo pa malo otseguka, zidzakhala zokwanira kuti apeze malo ogona, ndipo poyambira masiku otentha ndi usiku, malo obisala adzachotsedwa.
Mitengo ndi yotsika kwambiri, choncho, simukusowa garter ku trellis. Mukhoza kumanga tsinde ku cola pafupi ndi chitsamba, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mwanzeru. Ndibwino kuti mulch nthaka, komanso kumasula. Njira ziwirizi ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo kuthirira, pamene chinyezi chiri pansi.
Onetsetsani kuti mukuwombera mu mawonekedwe ochotsa osati mphukira zosayenera, komanso masamba ena omwe akhoza kuthumba zipatso. Kupaka zovala ndi kuteteza pamwamba komanso pamasukulu onse.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya chitumbuwa tomato.
Varial "Yamal"
Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa a kumpoto. Bwerani mwamsanga - mu masiku 80 - 85 mutatha mphukira yoyamba. Amapitiriza kubereka zipatso mpaka chisanu.
Akulimbikitsidwa kulima kuthengo, koma m'mikhalidwe ya m'dera la Leningrad adzamva bwino mu malo obiriwira.
Chomeracho chimatchulidwa shtamb, ndi determinant, kawirikawiri nthambi, otsika kwambiri (mpaka 35 cm). Zipatso za mawonekedwe ophwanyika, ofiira, oswedwa pang'ono. Mitengo yayikulu idzakhala zipatso zomwe zinakhwima poyamba, misazi zikhoza kufika 200 g. Kenaka kulemera kwa tomato kudzatsikira mpaka 70 - 100 g.
Kukoma kwavoteredwa bwino. Yamal ndi mitundu yodzichepetsa kwambiri yomwe ingathe kulimbana ndi kusoŵa kwa dzuwa ndi nyengo yoipa. Kudziwika kukana zovuta zochedwa.
Zokololazo ndizoposa zambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 5 kg pa unit unit. Dziwonetseni nokha mwangwiro ndi mwatsopano, ndi mu mawonekedwe a zamzitini. Zipatso sizidzawonongeka panthawi yopita.
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa chitsamba, izi zimatha kukula ngakhale m'nyumba. Mbewu zikhoza kufesedwa mwachindunji pansi pakati pa May, koma kenako ziyenera kuphimbidwa. Komanso, tchire ndi oyenera minda yaing'ono.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mukule mbande, ndiye kuti palibe zomwe mukuchitazi. Zomwe zimabzala zimakhala zowonongeka - pa 1 sq. M. Mithayi akhoza kuyika mbande 6 - 7. Zomera za mitundu iyi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe koyamba kuti mupeze zokolola mofulumira.
Popeza zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa, zimakhala zosasamala. Choncho, izi zomera palibe chifukwa chokhalira ndi mwana wobadwa. Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse kudzakhala kokwanira, komanso nthawi yowonjezeretsa komanso mankhwala ochiza matenda.
Zosiyanasiyana "Gina"
Zitsamba za mitundu iyi ndi determinant, nthambi mu sing'anga digiri, ya sing'anga kutalika (mpaka 60 cm). Zimatengedwa kuti zimayambira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi, imakula m'masiku 110 - 125 mutatha mphukira za mbande. Tomato okhawo amawoneka mozungulira, wandiweyani mumapangidwe, ndi kukwasa pang'ono, wofiira.
Kukula kwa chipatso ndi chodabwitsa, kulemera kwake kumafikira 0,3 makilogalamu. Zokololazo ndizachuluka ndipo ndi pafupifupi makilogalamu khumi a zipatso zokolola kuchokera 1 sq. M.. Olima munda amakondwerera dongosolo labwino komanso kukoma kwa chipatsocho, chifukwa chake izi zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zimapezeka mofulumira.
Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyana sizidzavutika ndi phytophtoras ndi zowonongeka kufuna. Komanso, zipatso zikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mutatha kukolola, chifukwa zimakhala ndi zinthu zouma zambiri, ndipo sizili madzi. Ponena za malo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito, ndizovuta kwambiri.
Tomato wokongola komanso yokoma ndi yabwino kwa saladi, zokongoletsera mbale, zidzasungunuka bwino kapena zamzitini.
Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyanazi zingayambe osati kuchokera ku mbande, koma nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku mbewu. Koma mtundu uwu wa kulima ndi woyenera kokha malo otentha. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kukula mbande, zomwe zingathe kuwonjezeredwa kumapeto kwa April, ngati panthawi imeneyo palibe chisanu. Masamba 3 mpaka 4 adzakhazikika pa malo amodzi. Kusamalira mbande za mitunduyi alibebe anomalies.
Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyana zimayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse. Choncho, kuteteza kusokonezeka pakutha kwa chinyezi sikoyenera. Kuteteza tchire ku matenda kumateteza kwathunthu zomera ku matenda. Popeza tchire ndizochepa, sangathe kumangiriza. Pofuna kupewa mtundu wina wa zipatso, nthanga ziyenera kukhala stepon, komanso nthawi zonse. Kuphwanya ndi kumasula nthaka, komanso feteleza, ziyenera kukhalapo mu dongosolo la chisamaliro cha zitsambazi.
Kalasi "Amber"
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatengedwa kuti imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, imakhala ndi nthawi yobala masiku 80 - 100. Tchire ndi determinant, tsinde, sing'anga nthambi, otsika (mpaka 35 masentimita). Inflorescence yoyamba imayikidwa pa tsamba lachisanu kapena lachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo patatha mndandanda wa 2 inflorescences udzakhazikitsidwa mwamsanga ndi tsamba limodzi la tsamba.
Tomato amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yachikasu, nthawi zina golidi, yozungulira, yaying'ono (yomwe ili ndi masentimita 2.5 mpaka 3 cm), yolemera mpaka 60 g, imakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino. Mitengo ya zosiyanasiyanazi ingawonongeke ndi phytophthora ndi macroporosis, koma amatsutsana ndi nyengo yoipa. Kulima kumapanga pafupifupi 4 - 6 makilogalamu a tomato kuchokera 1 sq.m.
Zipatso pa tchire zipse pomwepo, kotero phytophtora nthawi zina amangokhala ndi nthawi yowononga mbewu. Chifukwa cha makonzedwe ameneŵa, inflorescences, maburashi amapanga zambiri, choncho zabwino zokolola.
Gawo loyamba la kukonzekera lidzakhala likukula mbande molingana ndi malamulo onse. Kenaka - kuloza. Nthawi imene chisanu sichiyenera kukhala. Kusamalira mbande bwinobwino. Mabedi a zinthu zosiyanasiyana ayenera kukwera kwambiri kuti mphukira ndi zipatso zisakhudze pansi. Ndondomeko yowalima kawirikawiri - 60x50-40 masentimita. Ndizofunika kubzala pamalo otseguka.
Chifukwa cha kukana kwa nyengo yoipa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodzichepetsa pokonzekera. Sakusowa kutsekemera ndi galasi. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi zochuluka komanso mobwerezabwereza m'nthaka, kuti pakhale mpata pakati pa mphukira ndi chitsamba. Zachigawo zina zonse za chisamaliro sizikhala zosasintha.
Sungani "Ballad"
Mitundu yatsopano, yokonzedwa kuti ikhale yotseka, koma kutsimikiziridwa bwino. Zimatengedwa kuti zimayambira kumayambiriro, zimapsa masiku 110 - 115. Mitengo yodalirika, yaying'ono kwambiri, sing'anga yamakono (mpaka 50 cm).
Inflorescence yoyamba imapanga pa tsamba lachisanu ndi chimodzi - lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Tomato ndi ozungulira, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pamwamba, ofewa, wofiira mtundu, wolemera kufika 150 g. Zipatso zili ndi kukoma kokoma. Imodzi mwa ubwino wa zosiyanasiyanazi ndi pafupifupi kucha zipatso nthawi imodzi.
Tomato amalekerera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo amatha kusunga makhalidwe awo kwa nthawi yaitali. Madzu sadzavutika ndi phytophthora, fodya, komanso malo amdima. Zokololazo ndizitali ndipo ndi pafupifupi 9 makilogalamu pa 1 sq.m. Wokongola osati mawonekedwe atsopano, komanso mawonekedwe opangira pasitala ndi ketchup.
Njira ya mmera ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo siyigwiritsidwe ntchito. Koma, ngati simukukula mbande pasadakhale, wowonjezera kutentha, kumene mukufesa mbewu, ayenera kukhala ofunda. Pankhani ya njira ya mmera, chirichonse chiri choyenera: kufesa mbewu kumapeto kwa February, kukula ndi kusamalira mbande, kuziika kumalo otseguka kumapeto kwa March - oyambirira a April.
Zomwe zimabzala zimakhala zowonjezera zitsamba (7 - 9 zomera pa 1 sq. M.), Zomwe ndendende 50x40 cm.
Zosiyanasiyanazi ndizofatsa, kotero mukufunikira kusamalidwa bwino. Choncho, ulimi wothirira sungathe kuwomberedwa, muyenera kumasula nthawi zonse, kusungunula ndi kuthira nthaka, komanso kuteteza tchire ndi fungicides. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokhazikika kuti mlengalenga iume komanso osati chinyezi.
Ngati ndinu mlonda wochokera ku dera la Leningrad ndipo mukufuna kukula tomato pa chiwembu chanu, ndiye kuti gawo lanu la ntchito, lomwe ndilo kufufuza mitundu yabwino, lachitidwa kale. Yesetsani, phunziranipo, ndipo, motero, mitsuko yokhala ndi tomato okongola.
