Teyi ya Bergamot yammawa ndi fungo lokometsera kuchokera ku chikho cha nyumba yonse! Aliyense amadziwa dzina ili ngati zowonjezera zokondweretsa mu teasita zakuda. Koma ndi zodabwitsa bwanji za bergamot ndi mbewu yotani? Mtengo ndi wosakanizidwa, zotsatira za kuwoloka mandimu, malalanje ndi Chimandarini. Dziko lakwawo la bergamot ndi Southeast Asia. Dzina la zomera zonunkhira linaperekedwa polemekeza mzinda wa Bergamo, womwe uli ku Italy. Minda yonse ya bergamot inalima kumeneko.
Chokolola chamtengo wapatali cha "Bergamo lalanje" chinakololedwa, ndipo atatha kuchikonza chinapezedwa mafuta ofunikira. Bergamot imakula pamphepete mwa nyanja yotentha ya Ionian m'chigawo cha Calabria ku Italy. Pali zipatso zopangira zomera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kukula kwa bergamot kwakhala ntchito yopindulitsa kwa mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira. Zinakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kuti zinkagwira ntchito m'mayiko monga China ndi India. Pali minda ya bergamot m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Black Sea ndi Caucasus.
Zipatso zina zimakhala ngati malalanje, nthawi zina zimakhala zobiriwira zobiriwira. Nthaŵi zambiri, chifukwa cha fungo lofanana la masamba, anthu amasokoneza bergamot ndi monard. Bergamot ndi mtengo wobiriwira, ndipo monarda ndi zomera zouma. Alimi omwe amalima bergamot kunyumba amatsimikizira kuti chomerachi chimabala bwino ndipo chimabereka zipatso m'nyumba.
Zomwe zingatheke pakukula bergamot m'nyumba
Kuti chomera chisangalatse osati kokha ndi mawonekedwe ake, komanso ndi zipatso zonunkhira, mukufunikira kusamalira bwino.
Malo ndi kuunikira
Bergamot ndi chomera chokonda kutentha, choncho ndi zovuta kwambiri kuunikira. Mphamvu ndi zomera zomwe anabzala zimatha kuikidwa pawindo. Bergamot imakula ndichisangalalo pawindo lililonse, kupatula kumpoto. Ngati mtengo wanu ukukhala pawindo lakumwera, nthawi yotentha (kuyambira 4 koloko madzulo) mawindo amenewa amadzala ndi khungu kapena nsalu. Chomera chosadziwika chidzapsa ndi dzuwa ndipo masamba adzataya kukongoletsa kwawo. Koma ndi botolo la bergamot pawindo la kumpoto, mukhoza kukula chomera cholimba. Ndikofunika kupatsa mtengo kuwala komwe sikusowa, kuwunikira ndi phytolamps kwa maora asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Bergamot imafuna kuwala kwa maola khumi. 
Mavuto otentha
Chomeracho chimakonda kutentha. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa ubergamot m'chilimwe ndipo masika ndi 25-35 madigiri Celsius. Zosowa za kutentha kwa m'nyumbamo m'nyengo yozizira zimasiyanasiyana pang'ono. Mukufunikira kanthawi kochepa, kuyambira mu October mpaka kumapeto kwa January, kuchepa kwa firiji. Ulamuliro wotenthawu umapatsa chomeracho nthawi yopuma. Mu February, kutentha kumayamba pang'onopang'ono kufika madigiri +20, ndipo chomera chimalowa m'nyengo ya kukula.
Kwa maluwa ndi kupukuta bwino kwa maluwa, kutentha mu chipindachi kumayenera kusungidwa osachepera 18-22 madigiri Celsius. Ngati mtengo wa bergamot sulowa mu mpumulo, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala fruiting.
Zomwe zimasamalira bergamot kunyumba
Bergamot ndi chomera chosowa, ndipo kuchisamalira ndiko kupereka kuwala kokwanira, chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda, feteleza, kuthirira panthawi yake nthaka ndikuwaza mtengo pamasamba. Pansi pa chilengedwe, njuchi ndi tizilombo tina timapanga maluwa a bergamot. Koma panyumba ndikofunika kuyambitsa pollination ya maluwa. Ngati simukuyamitsa maluwa a bergamot pamanja, mbeu simungayime.
Kuti mupunike bwino mungu, tenga nthambi ndi mphepo pamwamba pa nsalu yaing'ono. Mosamala muzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zingapo ndi "chida" chotere mkati mwa maluwa achimuna. Kenaka chitani opaleshoni imodzimodziyo ndi maluwa achikazi a bergamot. Kuti mukhale wodalirika, yesani kupanga insemination yopanga maulendo awiri - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira 18 ° C, chifukwa mungu wa zomera umakhala wosabala mu mpweya wotentha. Ndi bwino kuyesetsa kuti munguwo ukhale wobiriwira, chifukwa bergamot imakongoletsa kwambiri, ikaphulika, maluŵa ake oyera ndi obiriwira.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Bergamot
Ngakhalenso m'nyumba zinyama zimatha kukumana ndi tizirombo. Kawirikawiri ndi kangaude kapena scythe. Pogwiritsa ntchito mawonedwe owona, kuvutika maganizo kwa chomeracho kumawoneka, pansi pa tsamba la masamba akuluakulu liri ndi madontho oyera, ndipo nkhuku yokha ikuwoneka. Mbalame ya bergamot imakulungidwa m'machubu ndipo imakhala yofiira. Kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma mungathe kuthana ndi mliri ndi nyumba, njira zamoyo zoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, kuthetsa sopo pa fumbi la fodya.
Kukonzekera njirayi mu 1 chikho madzi otentha kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. supuni ya fodya (shag) ndi 10 g wa sopo wochapa zovala. Limbikirani masiku osachepera asanu, pambuyo pake kulowetsedwa kuli okonzeka kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Ngati mtengo wa bergamot ukanthidwa ndi chishango, ndiye kuti mawanga ofiira amandiwombera pamasamba. Mimba ya mawanga - mpaka 5 mm. Mawanga omwewo amathira masamba a masamba ndi tsinde la mbewu. Kutupa kwa chingamu kumawoneka.
Kuchokera ku shchitovki kumathandiza kupukuta zomera ndi njira iyi:
- 1 chikho cha madzi ofunda;
- 1 tbsp. supuni ya lube;
- 40 g sopo;
- 2 tbsp. makuni a kutsuka ufa.
Musanayambe kulandira chithandizo, pezani chithunzithunzi mu mphika ndi filimu bwino, sayenera kupeza caustic yankho. Maola atatu mutatha kukonza, yikani mphika mukusamba ndi kusamba pamadzi.
Mukudziwa? Kupanga zomera sopo-mafuta emulsion sangakhoze kuchitidwa kangapo kamodzi pa sabata.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, nthaka mu miphika imadyeka mofulumira, kotero kuti kuthirira zomera ziyenera kutengedwa mosamala. Imwani mitengo masiku asanu ndi atatu, osalowetsa nthaka. Ngati madzi akudiririra atengedwa pompopi, ayenera kutetezedwa mkati mwa masiku awiri. Poziteteza madzi, chlorini ndi laimu zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi am'tawuni akuikidwa pansi.
Mukhoza kusungira kapena kuwiritsa madzi a pompopu, komanso imayenera kuthirira mitengo. Madzi okwanira sayenera kukhala ozizira. Njira yabwino yopangira bergamot ndi madzi kutentha.
Monga zomera zonse zokonda kutentha, bergamot amakonda kwambiri chinyezi. M'nyengo yozizira, mpweya m'chipindacho ndi wouma ndipo chinyezicho chimafunidwa mwa kupopera mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera ku botolo lazitsulo. Bergamot ndi madzi okwanira pamwamba pa masamba. Pakati pa phwando la madzi oterewa, mzere wa mizu wa mtengo ndi mphika wokha uli wokutidwa mu polyethylene.
Mukudziwa? Bergamot imakonda kwambiri kuthirira madzi a mvula kapena madzi otsekemera ndi chisanu.
Manyowa a Citrus
Mu February, bergamot imadzuka, imayamba kumanga mdima wobiriwira ndikuponyera masamba oyambirira. Panthawi imeneyi, akufunikira kudyetsa kwina. Mukhoza kumera mbeu ndi organic feteleza feteleza.
Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza amapatsa mphamvu zomera kukula mizu ndi masamba. Manyowa aumwini amatanthauza mullein, omwe ali ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pa chomera. Zinc, magnesium, mkuwa, nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu, calcium, molybdenum, boron ndi cobalt - zonsezi ziri mu mullein. Koma simungakhoze kuthirira mbewu ndi mullein woyera, muyenera kuisakaniza ndi madzi.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji yankho la mullein?
Pa 1 воды4 zidebe za mullein 10 malita a madzi zimatengedwa. Njirayi imasakanizidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi chivindikiro. Ndikofunika kutseka chidebe, ngati izi sizichitika, ndiye kuti nitrojeni yopindulitsa ya mbeu idzasanduka madzi ndipo fungo losasangalatsa lidzafalikira. Njira yothetsera yotsalira kwa masiku 12-14. Panthawiyi, kuyaka kwa uric acid kumatuluka kuchokera ku feteleza.
Pothirira madzi, feteleza imatenga 1 gawo la yankho la mullein ndi kuwonjezera pazigawo 4 za madzi, sakanizani bwino ndikuwonjezera kuzu.
Mukhoza kugula madzi opangira feteleza ("Gumat", "Humisol" ndi ena) m'masitolo ogulitsa. Pofuna kupanga mapangidwe a ovary ndi zipatso, feteleza omwe ali ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amafunika. Zosakaniza zokonzedwa bwino za feteleza zoterezi zingathe kugulitsidwanso kumalo osungirako zamasamba.
Kudulira
Kawirikawiri wamaluwa amanyalanyaza mapangidwe a mitengo ya citrus. Mtengowo womwe umakula kuchokera kumadula ungadzipangire korona wokongola kwambiri. Koma nthambi za kudulira ndi masamba omwe amameta zimapangitsa kuti apange mtengo wa mawonekedwe alionse. Ngati mumalola bergamot kukula bwino, mu chaka choyamba cha kulima, idzataya kupulumuka kwa zero. M'chaka chachiwiri cha kulima, nthambi zachiwiri zidzawoneka, ndipo mu zaka zachinayi kapena zisanu zokha, mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu, zachinayi, ndi zisanu zidzawonekera. Ndipo zitatha zonse pa iwo zipatso mazira amakhala.
Kuti mupangitse mwamsanga kupanga mapangidwe a nthambi, muyenera kudula nthambi zonse popanda kupatulapo. Nthambi yoyamba (tsinde) yafupikitsidwa pa kutalika kwa masentimita 15 ndipo ndi masamba angapo omwe amakula bwino. Ndizochokera kwa iwo kuti nthambi zazikulu za mtengo wa bergamot zidzakula mtsogolo. Pamene nthambi za 20-25 masentimita m'litali zimakula kuchokera kuzomwe zimayambitsidwa, zimachepetsedwa, osati kuzilola kuti zikule. Pamene nthambi yachiwiri ikukula kuchokera ku masamba, amfupikitsidwa (ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10). Kuchokera pamphukira pa nthambi zachiwiri zidzakula nthambi, zomwe zimadulidwa zikafika 5 cm.
Njira yopanga imatha zaka 2-3. Ngati chaka chilichonse pa nthambi zatsopano sizingakhale ndi impso imodzi, koma 3-4, ndiye kuti zonse zili bwino. Ngati masambawo apangidwa pang'ono, muyenera kuchotsa tsinde la mtengo. Musamalize kukula, kutanthauza, mosamala, popanda kuwononga nthambi zammbali kudula tsinde lalikulu la mbewu pamaso pa mphanda. Pachifukwachi, mawonekedwe a mtengo wa bergamot watsirizidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mumalola kukula ndi mapangidwe a mtengo wa bergamot, ndiye kuti chipatso sichitha posachedwa.
Momwe mungasinthire bergamot kunyumba
Zipatso zotchedwa Citrus sizimayankha bwino kupatsirana, kotero zimayendayenda ndi mtanda wa dziko popanda kusokoneza mizu. Kuika bergamot kumawoneka kumapeto kwa February - kumayambiriro kwa March, muyenera kuyesa kufika kumapeto kwa nthawi yonse. Kubwezeretsani zomera zazing'ono chabe. Mu zomera zazikulu, nthaka yosanjikizidwa ya nthaka yomwe idachotsedwa kale imachotsedwa mu mphika ndi nthaka yatsopano ikuwonjezeredwa. Mphika umasankhidwa bwino mu mawonekedwe a silinda.
Ngati mukukonzekera kuti musamuke chomera china:
- Poto yaikulu imatengedwa, "kukula" ndi mphamvu ya malita 2-3.
- Pansi pa mphika ayenera kupatsidwa mabowo a madzi owonjezera.
- Asanadze nthaka mumphika, dongo lochepa kapena ma ceramic shards angapangidwe pansi pa thanki.
- Pamphepete mwa ngalande timagona mchenga (1-2 cm).
- Zatsopano mu mphika kuti mudzaze nthaka ya bergamot.
Nthaka yabwino yobzala bergamot imatengedwa ndi mitengo ya birch, ngakhale mutha kutenga nthaka pansi pa mitengo ina yovuta. Nthaka yokhayo ndi yokwanira (10-15 masentimita), pamene nthaka yodzala ndi humus. Malo omwe amachotsedwa pansi pa chestnuts, oak kapena mitengo ya mtedza sagwirizana. Pali tannins ambiri m'nthaka pansi pa mitengoyi yomwe idzaletsa bergamot, ndipo kubzala sikudzapindula. Ndi nthaka yosonkhanitsa yomwe ikukonzekera nthaka yosakaniza yomwe imayenera kwambiri zomera.Kusakaniza kwa nthaka chifukwa chodzala bergamot:
- zovala ziwiri zolimba;
- gawo limodzi la mchenga woyera woyera;
- 0,5 gawo lotayirira humus;
- 0,5 magawo a nkhuni phulusa.
Ngati chomera chodzalacho chiri ndi mizu pamwamba pa khola la mizu, ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi sheya. Pakuika, mizu ya bergamot imayikidwa mozama mofanana ndi mphika wakale.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa Bergamot uyenera kutembenuzidwa ku mphika waukulu zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ndi kuika kokha, mphika watsopano umagulidwa pakati theka kuposa kale.
Nsonga Zobereketsa za Bergamot
Bergamot ingakulire m'njira ziwiri, ndipo ndondomekoyi yafotokozedwa pansipa. Mitengo ya Bergamot imatha kufalitsidwa ndi kudula ndi kukula kuchokera ku mbewu. Ngati inu kapena abwenzi anu muli ndi bergamot mtengo, nthawi zonse mumadula nthambi pazitsamba ndikuyesera kukula kuchokera kwa iwo fruiting.
Ndizotheka kukula bwino kwa bergamot kuchokera ku mafupa. Mitengo ya Bergamot ndi yokonzedwa bwino, choncho mbewu yomwe imakula kuchokera ku mbewu imakula ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo imayamba kupanga mtengo kokha chaka chachinayi. Ndipo sizowona kuti mtengo wakula kwa nthawi yaitali chotero udzaphuka ndi kubereka zipatso. Koma alimi onse akupezeka kwa wamaluwa.
Mukudziwa? Bergamot, mofanana ndi chomera chiri chonse chamkati cha citrus, sichifuna kusintha malo, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuunika, padera, ndipo ngati kusintha kwa malo, chomeracho chikhoza kutsanulira masamba. Ngati mtengo wanu ukukula bwino ndipo umakhala wabwino mu ngodya, musasokoneze ndi chilolezo.
Kubzala mbewu
Koma tiyeni tiwone momwe tingabzalitsire mbewu za bergamot. Ndi bwino kubzala bergamot kuchokera ku mbewu zatsopano: adagula chipatso cha bergamot ku supinda, adya, ndikuyika mbewuzo pansi. Kuyamera kunali bwino, ndi bwino kuti usayese mbewu za bergamot. Mbewu imabzalidwa ku kuya kwa masentimita 1 mu nthaka gawo lokhala ndi 50% mchenga ndi 50% humus. Mutabzala mbeu, nthaka imathiriridwa ndipo mphika umatsekedwa pamwamba ndi chidutswa cha galasi kapena polyethylene. 
Matenda a Bergamot amamera bwino komanso mofulumira. Mbewu imodzi imatha kupereka katatu kapena zinayi mphukira. Mphukira imodzi imasankhidwa ndipo imasiyidwa, yamphamvu kwambiri. Zotsalira zonsezi sizimatulutsa (kotero mukhoza kuwononga ndi mphukira zofunika), ndi kudula ndi lumo. Mphukira zoyamba zimaonekera sabata lachitatu mutabzala. Galasi yomwe imaphimba mphika imasinthidwa pang'ono, motero amalephera kupeza mpweya wabwino ku zomera. Ngati mphika uli ndi polyethylene, mabowo angapo amapangidwa mmenemo. Nthaka pansi pa kambewu kakang'ono nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa pang'ono. Kumwa madzi okwanira kuyenera kupewa kuti mizu ya mbewu isasinthe.
Kukula mbewu za citrus ku mbewu si kovuta, ndipo bergamot pamwezi udzakongoletsa zenera.
Kubalana ndi cuttings
Pafupifupi onse a citrus mizu mosavuta mizu cuttings. Olima munda amagwiritsa ntchito izi pochita May kapena June. Kudula kumachitika ndi mpeni wapadera, kawirikawiri mipeni yokhala ndi makina opangidwa ndi theka. Kwa cuttings, kokha kumtunda kwa nthambi mpaka 15 cm kutalika kumatengedwa. Wofesa munda amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizidulidwe, kuziyika mu bokosi lotsekedwa ndi nsalu yonyowa. Kupewa kotere kumathandiza kupeŵa cambium kuyanika pa cuttings pa malo odulidwa. Atatha kutema cuttings, wolima munda amaziviika iwo muzu kukula stimulator. Zikhoza kugula "Kornovin" kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi, monga uchi kapena aloe. Kenako, okonzeka cuttings obzalidwa kusukulu cholinga cha kulima mbande.
Sukulu ya cuttings yokonzedweratu:
- Malo amasankhidwa penumbra kuti dzuwa lotentha siliwononge zidutswa zofooka, koma mbande zili ndi kuwala kokwanira.
- Pansi pa tsogolo shkolki woyenera ngalande ya wakuda nthambi.
- Pamwamba pa ngalandeyi amaika chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi dothi (50:50).
- The cuttings ankachitira ndi muzu-forming kukonzekera obzalidwa.
Tsinde lililonse mutabzala mutaphimbidwa ndi kapu ya galasi. Ngati pali mapulani ambiri, mtengo wamatabwa umatuluka pa sukulu ndipo uli ndi filimu pamwamba. Kuthamanga ndi kuthirira kwa cuttings filimuyi ndi perforated. Kutsekemera kumachitidwa mothandizidwa ndi phula yomwe imatentha pamoto. 
Pasanathe mwezi umodzi, tizidulidwe ting'onoang'ono ta sukulu tating'ono timayambira, ndipo timayikidwa m'miphika.
- Mphika 200 ml watengedwa, zomera zimabzalidwa imodzi m'modzi mu chidebe.
- Masabata atatu mutatha kuika bergamot mu mphika, mukhoza kuthirira mbewuyo nthawi yoyamba.
Poyesera pang'ono, ndizotheka kukula mamita awiri, mtengo wobiriwira, wokongola mu chipinda, ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika a masamba owala ndi maluwa okongola. Ndipo potsirizira pake, ndikuyika chikho cha teyi patebulo kutsogolo kwa alendo, kuwonjezera bergamot panokha kuti ukhale wobiriwira!
