Mwina simunamvepo mawu ngati a banja la warren. Ngakhale kuti inu mukudziwa bwino oimira ake. Ndipo ambiri a iwo nthawi zambiri amadya ngati chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, ndi tomato ndi mbatata. Koma, kuwonjezera pa mbewu zamasamba, pakati pa banja ili pali mankhwala ndi zokongoletsa. Mudzaphunzira zambiri za iwo ndi kulima kwawo m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera
Solanaceous - Ichi ndi banja la zomera zowonjezera. Zina mwa izo ndi mbatata, biringanya, phwetekere, tsabola wa masamba, fodya, steaming ndi ena. Zoona, m'banja ili pali abale owopsa - mwachitsanzo, dope ndi henbane.
Banja la nightshade limapangidwa ngati udzu, zowongoka kapena zitsamba zokwawa, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mitengo yaying'ono. Masiku ano, pali mitundu 2,700 ya nightshade. Mungathe kukumana nawo pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kulima komanso zothandiza za nightshade zakuda.
Zomera zamasamba
Choyamba, tiyeni tiyankhule za solanaceae zokoma, ndiko kuti, zomwe tadya.
- Nyamayi imadzaza ndi shuga ndi fructose, mapuloteni, mavitamini, mavitamini, pectins, mchere. Ndiwothandiza kwa omwe akudwala matenda a gastritis, kuchepa magazi m'thupi, matenda a mtima. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kuphika komanso monga zakudya zopangira zakudya. Mbewu ikhoza kudyedwa yaiwisi, kuphika kuchokera ku zakudya zosiyanasiyana, sauces, madzi ophika, zamzitini. Khalani ndiwo zamasamba pakhomo ndi pansi. Amakonda kuwala ndi kutentha, samalola mpweya wozizira kwambiri, koma amafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, komanso kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Mtengo wabwino kwambiri wa nthaka ya tomato ndi 6-7 pH. Ndi bwino kuti "akhale" mu dothi lopanda.
Mukudziwa? Amwenye a ku America ankaganiza kuti phwetekere anali poizoni. Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson adayesa kutsimikizira mosiyana mu 1820, kuchotsa chidebe cha tomato pamapazi a ku Salem, New Jersey. Kuyambira pamenepo, tomato ayamba kutchuka mofulumira.
- Biringanya - ali ndi mchere wambiri, mavitamini, pectins, ndi salitsi ya potaziyamu, zomwe ziri zofunika kuti ntchito yabwino ya minofu ya mtima ikhale yoyenera. Kudya ma eggplant kumapindulitsa pa tsamba la biliary, chimbudzi, mitsempha ya mitsempha, kumathandiza kuwonjezera hemoglobin, kumasulidwa kwa cholesterol wambiri. Mbewu ikhoza kukazinga, yophika, zamzitini, zouma, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa msuzi, gravy kapena caviar. Kukula izo, monga lamulo, ndi mmera njira. Mbeu ya biringanya imayamba kukulira pa kutentha kwa +15 ° C. Kuwaza ndi kuika masamba ndi kovuta, kotero samalirani ndi kusamala. Iwo adzalumikiza dziko losalala, lowala, labwino kwambiri. Biringanya amakonda kutseguka kwa dzuwa.
- Pepper - pali vitamini C wambiri mkati mwake. Kuwonjezera apo, imadzaza ndi mavitamini P, A ndi gulu B, zinc, phosphorous, iron, iodini, komanso capsaicin, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chimbudzi chikhale chofewa. Mbewu izi timakonda kudya yaiwisi, kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu saladi osiyanasiyana. Ali ndi iye adzalandira mpweya wabwino, gravy, sauces, mukhoza kusunga. Tsabola wotentha imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa mankhwala: mankhwala omwe amachokera ndi abwino kupera, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa radiculitis, sprains, mavulo, ndi neuralgia. Icho, monga eggplants, imakula ndi mmera, ndipo idabzala dzuwa, kutetezedwa ku madera a mphepo. Munda wa masamba awa ukukonzekera mu kugwa - kutsukidwa, kukumba ndi umuna.
- Mbatata - imakhala ndi vitamini C wambiri, chakudya chokwanira, ma fiber. Tubers ali ndi 25% wowonjezera. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa magwero akuluakulu a potaziyamu kwa ife. Kuwonjezera pa kuphika (ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri - yophika, yokazinga, yowonjezera, imayika mu supu ndikusanduka chips), mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mowa, komanso ngati zipangizo zazikulu. Nthaka pansi pa mbatata ikhale yotayirira. Mbewu zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa May mu nyengo yabwino. Chifukwa chodzala, kawirikawiri amasankhidwa lalikulu lalikulu tubers. Amabzalidwa m'mabowo atakumbidwa kale komanso ataphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Kuchokera ku mbewu zamasamba ku banja la Solanaceae zimaphatikizansopo: tomato wa chitumbuwa, "Mazarin", "Rocket", ndi tsabola wobiriwira
- Peyala yamchere (nkhaka zokoma) - ili ndi carotene, chitsulo, mavitamini a gulu B. Mungazidye chofiira, chophika, chophika. Zindikirani izi mbewu zambewu kapena cuttings. Dziko lakwawo ndi South Africa. Ndiko komwe masamba "amakhala" bwino kwambiri. Chomera chathu chikhoza kusungidwa pakhomo pawindo kapena kutenthedwa kwa wowonjezera kutentha.
- Physalis - makamaka imafalitsidwa ku South ndi Central America. Tinagwirizana ndi tomato, koma sitinkadziwika bwino. Zipatso za Physalis zimaphatikizidwa, kuzifota, zopangidwa ndi kupanikizana. Zoonadi, physalis m'dera lathu la chilimwe nthawi zambiri limakula ngati zokongoletsera, ndipo zipatso zodyedwa zimapezeka pamakonzedwe kawirikawiri. Kulikulitsa pansi pa dzuwa m'nthaka yachonde. Mitundu yayitali iyenera kumangidwa. Kuti "nyali" zivute pamaso pa kuzizizira, kumapeto kwa chilimwe nkofunika kutsitsa (kuchotsa) nsonga za mphukira. Kamodzi pakatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, chitsamba chinagawanika ndikukhala kuti chisasokonezeke.
- Chovala - chitsamba chobala chochokera ku South America. Timakulira m'nyumba kapena malo obiriwira, ndipo izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Chikopa lero chimakhala chosasangalatsa m'dera lathu. Koma ngati mukufuna kubzala, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana mbeu m'masitolo apadera. Amalangizidwa kuti azikula chimodzimodzi monga biringanya mbande.
Mankhwala ndi owopsa
Kenaka tidzakambirana za oimira a banja lino, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera ndi mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa. Zoona, ngakhale zili choncho, ali ndi poizoni.
- Ndimadziwa kwambiri (wolfberry) - mizu yake, masamba ndi zimayambira zimadzaza ndi steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga expectorant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic ndi choleretic agent, komanso mavuto a khungu. Kuchokera pa timapepala tazing'ono ndi timapepala timene timapanga infusions (mwa njira, ziwonongeko za iwo zidzawononga mbozi ndi mphutsi zawo). Nightshade amakonda nthaka yambiri yokhala ndi chinyezi. Iye ndi wabwino ngakhale mumthunzi, samasowa kuunikira kwina, komanso malo okhala m'nyengo yozizira kapena zofunikira zina. Chomeracho chimafalikira ndi mbewu ndi kuika. Mbewu imabzalidwa pamtunda pansi pa nthaka.
- Belladonna (belladonna) - ilipo mu mapangidwe a mapiritsi, tinctures, suppositories, madontho. Ili ndi katundu wa analgesic ndi antispasmodic. Analimbikitsa zilonda, cholecystitis, matenda a Parkinson, bronchial mphumu. Anabzala m'madera otsika ndi chinyezi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, yowala kapena yosakanikirana, kotero kuti mpweya ndi madzi alowemo popanda mavuto.
Mukudziwa? Chomeracho chinapatsidwa dzina ili si zophweka. Ndipotu, kuchokera ku "belladonna" ya ku Italy amatanthawuza kuti "mkazi wokongola", omwe anali achikulire a ku Italy kamodzi kamodzi anali ndi madzi ake omwe ankawatsuka kuti awone ndi kuwonekera. Belladonna zipatso amazembera masaya kuti azisamba zachilengedwe. Dzina lina la zomera ndi mabulosi wamisala. Kotero iye anaitanidwira ku atropine, yomwe ili gawo la belladonna. Anatsogolera munthu kukhala wosangalala kwambiri.
- Mdima wakuda - ali ndi alkaloids amphamvu (scopolamine, atropine, hyoscyamine). Mafuta ake amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kudwala matenda a rheumatism, gout, mavulo, komanso ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu mlingo wawung'ono, mankhwala a henbane amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala obwereza. Mwa njirayi, henbane alkaloids ali mu mapiritsi a Aeron - ochokera ku nyanja ndi matenda omwe amatha kuwomba. Amakula pamtunda wolimba, wosasunthika, wosalowerera ndale. Musanadzalemo, mbewuzo zimakhala zomangidwa.
- Datura wamba - kuchokera masamba ake amachokera ku alkaloid hyoscine, yopindulitsa pa dongosolo lamanjenje. Amaphatikizidwanso ku mankhwala osokoneza chifuwa ndi mphumu, motero amakhala ndi zotsatira zowonongeka. Datura wakula mosalekeza, malo olemera-chakudya, opangidwa ndi phulusa. Chomeracho n'chosasamala.
- Zojambulazo za Carnioli - Mizu yake ndi rhizomes imathandizira ndi matenda a maso, ziwindi, ndi zilonda. Mwa njirayi, poyambirira kwa mankhwala ochiritsira, chomeracho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa rabies (mkati). Scopolia amakonda mthunzi, malo omwe ali pamphepete mwa gombe adzakhala malo abwino kwa iwo. Dzikoli liyenera kukhala lotayirira ndi lonyowa. Kuthirira ndi kofunika nthawi zonse (makamaka nthawi yotentha), koma moyenera. Kudyetsa scopolia sikofunikira, komanso malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira.
Pezani zamasamba zomwe zimakhala ndi: nkhaka, anyezi (anyezi, ofiira, shallots, chives, batun), zukini, dzungu, nandolo, kabichi (zoyera, zofiira, Savoyard, mtundu, Peking, Brussels, broccoli, kohlrabi, kale, pak -choy), beets.
- Mandragora - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira: madzi atsopano kuchokera muzu ndi abwino a rheumatism ndi gout, mizu youma - kupweteka kwa neuralgic ndi ululu wothandizira, matenda a m'mimba, ndipo mizu yodulidwa komanso yosakanizidwa ndi uchi ndi mkaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku matenda ndi edemas. Mandrago yathu nthawi zambiri imakulira kunyumba (chifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kutenga mandragora yophukira). Iye anaika mphika wamtali, womwe unali pansi pa madzi. Nthaka iyenera kumasuka. M'chilimwe chomeracho chimakhala madzi ambiri, koma kawirikawiri kugwa ndi chisanu. Mu nthawi yotentha, mandragora ikhoza kuchitidwa mu chidebe mumsewu, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imasowa chipinda chofunda.
- Fodya - yomwe imapangidwa ndi nicotine, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndudu komanso imamwa kwambiri. Masamba a fodya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a khungu komanso ngakhale mapulaneti, juzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi khosi ndi malungo. Pali antibacterial substances m'masamba ake, choncho fumbi limagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo zomwe zimayambitsa zomera, ndi kudula masamba a fodya kumenyana ndi njenjete. Fodya imafesedwa pambuyo pa mpweya wakuda kapena nyengo yozizira yomwe imakula pambuyo pa nthunzi yakuda kudziko lotayirira. Sungakhoze kubzalidwa pambuyo pa beets ndi zina solanaceous.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo iyi ndi yoopsa. Ndikofunika kuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso pang'onozing'ono. Ngati mwawagwiritsa ntchito molakwika ndipo mutatha kumva bwino, funsani dokotala mwamsanga!
Zomera zokongola
Solanaceae amakula komanso ngati zokongola zokongola.
- Zophatikiza petunia - zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo, kuphatikizapo zowoneka. Ndi chomera chokonda kutentha komanso ngakhale dzuwa losakondana ndi chilala. Nthaka imafuna chonde kwa icho. Kukula petunias, mwachitsanzo, pa khonde, tengani chisakanizo cha mchenga wa mtsinje wa coarse-grained, peat, turf ndi nkhuni (1: 1: 2: 2). Tetezani mtengowo kuchokera ku mphepo ndi mvula pamene ndi yofatsa.
- Ampel Calibraho amawonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zomera zabwino kwambiri (ndi kuphukira) kwa zomera pakati pa banja lino. Amakongoletsa zipilala ndi masitepe. Ndizotheka kudzala maluwa okongola awa mothandizidwa ndi mbewu komanso mothandizidwa ndi mbande. Amafunika malo abwino komanso kuthirira nthawi zonse. Ndi chinyezi chokwanira, calicrachoa ikhoza kukhala "kunja" kwa dzuwa popanda mavuto.
- Brugmansia yafala ku South America, koma imakula padziko lonse lapansi - m'mabotolo, m'nyumba, ndi nthaka yotseguka. Ku Latin America, Brugmancia amachititsa zotupa, ziphuphu, mphumu, rheumatism, arthrosis, matenda a maso. Ndipo ngakhale Columbus asanayambe, zipangizo zake zogwiritsiridwa ntchito zachipembedzo zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo yachipembedzo. Chomeracho chabzala kuchokera ku mbewu: kuyambira Januari mpaka March mu nthaka yochepa theka la sentimita sentimenti yakuya. Pambuyo kufesa, nthaka iyenera kukhala yothira, yokutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena galasi ndipo imakhala kutentha kwa 20 ... +25 ºC ndi kuwala kowala. Mwamsanga pamene mphukira ikuwonekera, malo ogona amachotsedwa. Zomera zimaperedwa ndi madzi otentha kuchokera ku sprayer 2-3 pa tsiku. Pamene mbande zimapereka tsamba lachisanu, zimapatsidwa miphika yosiyana kapena makapu.
Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho, monga mbewu zina zowonongeka, ndizoopsa kwambiri!
- Fungo lofiira kwambiri ndi lofewa komanso lodzikonda, amadana ndi chisanu ndipo amasankha bwino-feteleza, dothi lonyowa loamy. Fungo lofiira kwambiri ndi loyera. Mvula yake imatseguka dzuwa litalowa komanso nyengo yoipa. Masiku ano, mankhwala osakaniza a fodya onunkhira ayamba kuwoneka akugulitsidwa - amatha kukhala wamkulu pa windowsills kapena mabwalo popanda mavuto, iwo amasamba kwa nthawi yaitali. Zimalimbikitsanso kuti mubzalidwe mbande zomwe zakhala zikugwedezeka nthaka: mbeu zogula, kumapeto kwa February, zinyani muzitsulo, zopanda kanthu ndi chivindikiro cha galasi kapena kuziphimba ndi filimu yoonekera.
- Wokoma wokoma - sagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga mankhwala, komanso ngati zokongoletsera. Amakonda chinyezi, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pogwiritsa ntchito malo okongoletsera malo.
- Onyozani tsabola wabodza (Chitumbuwa cha Cuba) - mitundu yochepa ya zomera ili mumiphika. Kuchokera chilimwe mpaka autumn, zofiira zofiira zozungulira zipatso zimawonekera pa izo. Kufesa kuli bwino kumayambiriro kwa masika. Chomeracho chidzakhala malo abwino ogulitsa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbande za tomato. Pambuyo poonekera masamba awiri, zomera zimadumphira m'mitsuko yambiri, ndipo patapita nthawi patatha mwezi umodzi amabwereza zosankhazo - kale ali miphika yambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo amalimbikitsidwa kuti asinthe. Cherry ya ku Cuba sidzalekerera kuyanika, musaiwale kudyetsa kawiri pa mwezi.
- Pascal wooneka ngati Jasmine - amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa munda wa ampel. Amamera kuyambira pakati pa masika mpaka m'mawa ndi maluwa oyera omwe amasonkhana m'magulu. Chifukwa chake akusowa thandizo, kuwala, madzi okwanira komanso kukonkha nthawi zambiri. Musaiwale za kutentha kutentha m'nyengo yozizira - osachepera + 14 ... +16 ºC.
Koma zomera, komanso banja la Solanaceae ndi: salpiglossis, Brugmancia, petunia grandiflora
Monga mukuonera, banja la nightshade ndilosiyana kwambiri. Pano pali mbewu zamasamba, ndi mbewu zamankhwala (chinthu chachikulu ndi kukumbukira kuti iwo ali owopsa kwambiri), ndi zokongola. Kawirikawiri, zomerazi ndizodzichepetsa, koma asanayambe kubzala, ndi bwino kufunsa ngati akufuna zofunikira zina. Ngati mumatsatira malangizo a wamaluwa wamaluwa kapena olima munda, ndiye kuti nonse muyenera kupambana.
