Anyezi ndi mbali yambiri ya mbale, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kokha monga zowonjezerako, komanso ngati chinthu chachikulu.
Pambuyo pake, masambawa alibe kukoma kokha, komwe kumalandira pambuyo pa chithandizo chapadera cha kutentha, koma ndiwothandiza kwambiri.
Koma zothandiza kwambiri komanso zokondedwa ndi onse si anyezi ophweka, koma wobiriwira, wakula ndi nthenga basi.
Ndiponsotu, ndi chiyani chomwe chingasinthe masamba atsopano kumayambiriro kwa masika, monga anyezi opanda mavitamini ochuluka, omwe amatha kupereka mphamvu ku thupi lomwe limatha kutentha kwambiri.
Sichikudziwikanso kwakongoletsera kunja kwa mbale, chifukwa chimapereka chiwonetsero ndi kutsitsimula.
Kudzala anyezi wobiriwira: pa mitundu ndi mbali za kukonza zipangizo
Kukulitsa anyezi wobiriwira pawindo sikungatengedwe ngati nthawi ya Soviet, chifukwa chogulitsa chimenecho si ndalama zokha basi, komanso chimatsimikiziranso kuti chilengedwe chimakhala bwino. Ndilo gawo lomaliza limene anthu ambiri akufuna kupeza ndiwo zamasamba kuchokera pamabedi awo. N'zoona kuti nthawi zina sizingatheke kuti mutenge chaka chonse, koma simudzasowa kugula nthawi zonse.
Kusankha mitundu yabwino ya anyezi yomwe ikhoza kukulira pa nthenga
Mukhoza kulima anyezi wochokera ku mitundu yonse. Komabe, kuti mupeze zambiri za zomera, ndi bwino kusankha anyezi, omwe ali ndi masamba ambiri. Kuti muchite izi, posankha anyezi, ngati mwayi woterewu umatha, mukhoza kudula ndi kudalira nambala ya masamba.
Komabe, mungathe kuwasankha iwo pansipa, mitundu yabwino kwambiri pamalingaliro anu ndikumuyang'ana.
Anyezi a batun. Nthawi zina zimapezeka pansi pa mayina monga kukalipira, nyengo yozizira, mchenga kapena Chitata.
Kwambiri zobala zipatso anyezi ndi zosalala zokongola amadyera.
Pogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosatha ya anyezi iyi, amadyera akhoza kudula ngakhale 2-3 pa nyengo yonse yokula (kwa chaka chimodzi).
Zokolola za nthenga za anyezi iyi ndi pafupifupi 20-35 kilogalamu kuchokera m'dera la 9 m2.
Leek. Dzina limeneli limadziwika bwino ndi anthu, ngakhale nthawi zina dzina ngati ngale-waligwiritsanso ntchito. Gawo lakumunsi limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo masamba ambiri apamwamba amangotayidwa kunja, koma amakhala ndi chidwi chosavuta. Kunja, amasiyana kwambiri ndi masamba a adyo, koma ndi ochuluka kwambiri kuposa iwo.
Kuchokera pabedi la mamita 9, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi makilogalamu 20, ngakhale mutapereka chomeracho mosamala kwambiri.
Anyezi Slizun. Masamba a anyezi awa amakhalanso ofanana ndi adyo. Makamaka, ali ndi zonunkhira za adyo, ndipo tsambalo ndilopansi komanso m'malo mwake.
Iwo amadziwikanso ndi dongosolo labwino. Ubwino wa anyezi uwu ndi kucha ndi zokolola zambiri.
Komanso, chifukwa cha kukanidwa kwa chisanu, zimatha kubzala mbewu chaka chonse kumadera otetezedwa chaka chonse, ndipo zikadzakula mumakhala mabedi mpaka chisanu.
Chives. Ikupezekanso pansi pa dzina lotchuka kwambiri - incisor. Njira yaikulu ya anyezi awa ndi masamba ake - ofooka ndi otalika, mpaka masentimita 50. Komanso, ali ndi zokoma kwambiri ndipo amatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kusunga sikusintha kapangidwe kapena kulawa. Zitha kukhala makilogalamu makumi atatu kuti zikasonkhane kuchokera pabedi la mamita 9.
Anyezi-tiyi anyezi. Mayina ena a zosiyanasiyanazi ndi Aigupto, Canada. Pakati pa wamaluwa amalingalira kuti ambiri si whimsical ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi otsika kutentha.
Ngakhale anyezi anyezi sangathe kukangana nawo pazifukwa monga zokolola ndi mtundu wa masamba omwe amapangidwa. Mukhoza kuchoka m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene sichionongeka ndipo mosavuta imalowa mu nyengo yatsopano.
Shallots. Anyezi otchuka kwambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mbale zosiyanasiyana, osati zokongoletsera zawo zokha.
Masamba alibe kukoma kokha, koma amasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, popanda kutaya juiciness.
Pakukula anyezi awa sizowona.
Zokolola za shallot zingakhale zosiyana, kuyambira 25 mpaka 45 kilograms kuchokera 9 m2.
Komanso, tiyenera kutchula mitundu yotchuka monga Armazansky, Bezssonovsky, Rostovsky, Amber ndipo ndithudi Black Bow akugwa.
Kukambilana ndi zofunikira za kukula anyezi pa nthenga
Monga momwe mwawonera kuchokera ku kufotokoza kwa mitundu yambiri ya anyezi kuti ikule pa nthenga, pafupifupi yonse imatsutsa bwino, osati kokha pa chisanu.
Utawu sungakhale wowopsa kwambiri. Kuti mukhale ndi mutu wabwino wa anyezi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zambiri kumtunda ndi kupereka chisamaliro chofunikira, kuyesa kuti musalole kuti ikhale masamba. Izi ndizo zomwe tikusowa apa.
Komabe, yesetsani kupereka bedi ndi anyezi ndi kuwala kwowonjezera kwa dzuwa kapena kukupangitsani (pambuyo pake, nthawi zambiri anyezi oterewa amakula pakhomo komanso m'nyumba za greenhouses). Izi ndizofunikira kwa iye, podziwa mtundu wobiriwira, komanso kulawa.
Ndi masamba otsika kwambiri a anyezi amatha kutambasula kwambiri ndipo amakhala otalika kwambiri, koma pakali pano adzakhala ochepa kwambiri komanso osakondweretsa zakudya komanso zogulitsidwa pamsika.
Komanso, posankha bedi ndi malo m'munda, chifukwa chodzala anyezi otere, musaiwale kusamalira kuti mtundu wa nthaka uli ndi mphamvu yosunga chinyezi. Komabe, musaphonye pa chidwi kuti ndi zowonjezereka zowonjezera anyezi zingathenso kuzunzika ndikukula bwino (makamaka m'nyengo yozizira). Pachifukwa ichi, musabzale chomera ichi mmalo momwe madzi a pansi pa nthaka angakwezeke kwambiri.
Mtengo wa kubzala anyezi pabedi lotseguka sungakhale ndi gawo lalikulu, koma m'malo obiriwira, pamene mukukula masamba m'mabokosi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa, humus kapena peat, omwe atabzala mababuwo ali ndi dothi.
Momwe mungakonzekere uta kuti mubzalidwe: malamulo oyambirira ndi ndemanga
Choyamba, nkofunikira kufotokoza kuti kubzala anyezi pa nthenga kungakhoze kuchitidwa osati ndi chithandizo cha maseti anyezi, komanso ndi mbewu. Kawirikawiri, njira zonsezi zimapindulitsa kwambiri, kusiyana kumangophatikizapo kuti anyezi amabzalidwa ndikufesedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Inde, ndipo dikirani kuti mbeu yatsopanoyi ikhale yayitali.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mababu monga chodzala, ayenera kuthiridwa m'madzi asanadzalemo mwachindunji. Izi zidzathandiza mababu kukhala odzaza ndi chinyezi kuti panthawi ya kusintha kwa nthaka mu nthaka yatsopano sidzauma ndi kutha kupereka zotsatira zabwino.
Ndi bwino kutenga mababuwo, omwe ndi awiri osachepera 2.5 centimita, koma osaposa 4. Komanso, nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti adule pamwamba pake. Chifukwa cha zinthu zosavuta zimenezi n'zotheka kuwononga mphamvu yakukakamiza wobiriwira. Komanso, zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mitundu yobiriwira: poyerekeza ndi zosavuta kubzala popanda kukonzekera zakuthupi ndi 55-75%.
Kukulitsa anyezi ndi nthenga kuchokera ku mbewu, ngakhale kuti nthawi yowonjezereka, ndiyo njira yowonjezera bajeti, nthawi zina kuwonjezereka kwanu ngati mukuchita bizinesiyi.
Komanso, mukhoza kusunga ndikugula mitundu yosatha ya anyezi. Mbeu zogula siziyenera kukonzekera kubzala: nthawi zambiri zimagulitsidwa zisanayambe kubzala mbewu, komanso zowonjezera mbewu zokhazikika. Mbewu zake, monga mababu, zimatha kutsogozedwa m'madzi otentha, zomwe zimawalimbikitsa kuti zikule.
Tilikukonzekera nthaka ndi mabedi potidzala anyezi
Nthaka imapanga kukonzekera kofesa mbewu za anyezi, koma njira zomwezo ndi zochitika zomwe zikhoza kuchitika musanadzale anyezi pa nthenga pogwiritsa ntchito mababu. Choncho, mukufunika kukumba nthaka mosamala - mozama, bwino. Kukumba kwakukulu kumafunikanso kuti mulowetse mu nthaka zinthu zambiri zokwanira zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa anyezi.
Manyowa a mchere samasowa anyezi oterewa, ngakhale kukhalapo kwa nthaka yabwino kwambiri ndibwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Musanafese, dothi limakulungidwa bwino ndipo limakhala lopangidwa pang'ono, kuti nthaka isagonjetsedwe ndi mbewu, makamaka ndi mababu. Mabedi odzala anyezi nthawi zambiri samapanga, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti pang'onopang'ono mungathe kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kulima anyezi mbande
Nthawi ndi nthawi yobzala anyezi, chifukwa chokula pa peni, pamabedi, mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses
Pali kusiyana kulikonse pa nthawi ya kubzala anyezi a mitundu yosiyana ndi mitundu. Ngati itabzalidwa pamtunda, nthawi zambiri imachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo yopanda chisanu.
Nthawi yotereyi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti babu asakhale ndi nthawi yolowera kukula, yomwe ndi yosafunika kwambiri poyandikira chisanu. Koma ndizosatheka kulima mochedwa kwambiri, kale mu nthaka yozizira sikutheka, mababu amenewa ndithudi amavutika. Ndi bwino kuyembekezera kasupe woyamba, pamene chisanu chidzatsika, ndikubzala mababu anu.
Komanso, kulima anyezi pa nthenga kungakhoze kuchitidwa mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses. Pa nthawi yomweyo, masamba a anyezi akhoza kukula bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha nyengo yonse yachisanu, ndikukondweretsani ndi mavitamini atsopano. Kawirikawiri amakula motere kuyambira October mpaka April, pamene masamba adzayamba kuonekera pa mabedi otseguka.
Koma kuyambira February mungathe kubzala mababu ndi greenhouses, masamba omwe mungapeze mpaka May.
Ngati tikukamba za kufesa mbewu za anyezi, kuti zikhale ndi nthenga, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuchita izi mkatikati mwa mwezi wa July. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi anyezi abwino, m'malo mwake masamba ake obiriwira, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino malo a mabedi odzala anyezi pa khola: kambiranani njira za kubzala
Mukhoza kubzala mababu kuti muwalere nthenga mu njira ziwiri, zomwe ziri motere:
- Bridge way. Kwa njira iyi, chiwerengero chachikulu chodzala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa mababuwo amadziwika bwino kwambiri, ndipo mizu yawo imakhala yochepa kwambiri m'nthaka. "Milatho" yotereyi ikadzagona imakhala ndi nthaka yosachepera 2-3 masentimita (koma osati kenanso, chifukwa dothi lakuda lidzathetsa kukula kwa mbeu).
- Njira yamapepala. Zili mu mfundo yakuti mababuwo amabzalidwa mwapadera komanso mosakonzekera kuti apeze mzere uwu. Mtunda wa pakati pa mababu uyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 1-4, koma pakati pa mizera iyenera kuchoka pa danga la masentimita 10-20.
Ndi kubzala kotere pa 1 m2 kawirikawiri amatenga osachepera 11-13 kilogalamu mababu.
Mutabzala, mabedi amasungunuka, omwe amalola mababu kugona ndi nthaka.
Nthanga ya anyezi imafesedwa mwanjira yosiyana yopezera zomera kuchokera mmenemo. Kuti muchite izi, pa mabedi okongola, mizere imapangidwa ndi mzere wa 32-42 centimita. Mbewu zofesedwa mumjirayi, m'malo mochuluka.
Inde, kuti pambuyo pofesa mbewu zimakhala zobiriwira. Choncho, pamene masamba enieni a anyezi amaoneka pamwamba, bedi lamaluwa akulimbikitsidwa wochepa thupi. Kumanzere kumera pamtunda wa masentimita 3.5-5.
Chives ndi kuwasamalira: zimakulolani kuti mutenge zokolola zambiri?
Palibe kukayika kuti uta ukusowa kuyang'aniridwa ndi kusamala nthawi zonse. Pambuyo pake, izo zilola kuti zikhale zokolola zapamwamba. Kuwonjezera pa kubzala zomera molingana ndi kachitidwe kake ndi kuganizira zosowa zake zazikulu, nkofunika kulingalira mbali zina zofunika za teknoloji yaulimi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kumasula ndi kuthirira nthaka, kudyetsa zomera.
Nthawi zingati komanso chifukwa chiyani kumasula mabedi ndi zobiriwira anyezi?
Kutsegula nthaka - iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino zoperekera mpweya ku mizu ya zomera.
Pachifukwa ichi, kumasulidwa kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zambiri, popanda chilolezo chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale dothi lalikulu panthaka pamwamba pake.
Pa chifukwa chimenechi, pa tsiku lachiwiri kapena lachitatu mutatha kuthirira muyenera kuti musaiwale za kumasula.
Kodi anyezi amafunika kuthirira komanso kuchuluka kwa chinyezi?
Yankho la funsolo lidzakhala losagwirizana - ndithudi, ndilofunika. Thupi limatanthawuza zigawo zazikulu zamagulu a anyezi. Ndi chithandizo chake ku chomera ndi zakudya zina zomwe zili m'nthaka. Choncho, Kuthamanga kwapadera kwa kuthirira ndi pafupifupi 2 pa sabata.
Zoonadi, chomwe chimakhala champhamvu kwambiri chidzadalira mtundu wa dothi komanso kuthekera kwake kusunga chinyezi. Komanso, nyengo imakhala yofunikira kwambiri pafupipafupi ya ulimi wothirira: nthawi yotentha, kuthirira kawirikawiri kumachitika katatu pa sabata, nthawi zosawerengeka komanso tsiku lililonse.
Komanso, anyezi akale, osamwetsa madzi omwe amafunikira.
Timadyetsa anyezi wobiriwira: kodi ndi feteleza angati amene ndimagwiritsa ntchito?
Kudyetsa anyezi kawirikawiri kumachitika mwa mawonekedwe a ulimi wothirira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera. Zomalizazi zimakonzedwa mwa kuwonjezera madzi okwanira 1 litre, 1 magalamu a urea, kapena nitroammofoski.
Ndibwino kuyamba kuyamba kudyetsa pamene wayamba kale kudula masamba. Pankhaniyi, feteleza imapereka mphamvu ku babu kuti iwonjezere nthenga zomwe zowonongeka. Ngati feteleza siigwiritsidwe ntchito, pakapita nthawi masamba a anyezi adzakhala ochepa thupi komanso osakaniza, kukoma kwawo ndi fungo lidzatayika.
Kuchotsa namsongole: bwanji kuti musayendetse mabedi?
Chotsani namsongole kuchokera ku mabedi ndi kofunikanso.
Ndipotu, ndi chiwerengero cha iwo, chomeracho chikhoza kusowa zakudya zowonjezera, makamaka ngati chodzala anyezi kapena chimakula kuchokera ku mbewu.
Choncho, ndibwino kuti nthaka ikhale pabedi lakuda.
Komanso, pamene mukula anyezi ndi nthenga pakati pa mizera, nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga katsabola, monga momwe zimachitikira pamene mukukula anyezi.
Kusamalira anyezi m'nyengo yozizira: Timaphika mabedi ndi chithandizo cha mulch
Talemba kale pamwamba paja kuti anyezi amakonda kubzala m'nyengo yozizira. Ngakhale kuli bata kwake, ndibwinobe kubisa mabedi.
Ngati podzimny kudyetsa mababu ankagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti bedi lonse liri ndi chigawo chokwanira cha 3.5-5 masentimita, opangidwa ndi manyowa kapena humus. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mcherewu umachotsedwa kuti ulole zomera zikule. Komabe, kuti chimfine chisakhudze kukula kwawo, ndi bwino khalani pamwamba pa filimu ya bedizomwe zidzakhala ngati chinthu chobiriwira.
Pofesa mbewu poyamba m'nyengo yozizira, nthenga za anyezi zimatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 20-30. Kuwapulumutsa, mabedi ayenera kukhala ndi udzu kapena peat. Pakufika kutentha, pamene mutheka kuchotsa mulch, pansi pake mudzapeza masamba atsopano omwe adzapitirize kukula chifukwa cha kutentha.
