Kukula kolifulawa m'nyumba zamasamba sizodziwika ngati kukula wamba kabichi. Chifukwa cha izi ndizosafunikira kudziŵa wamaluwa kuti akhoza kukula kabichi mu nyengo ndi nyengo yozizira, komanso kuti sakufuna kudzipusitsa ndi chomera chosadziwika.
Inde, kolifulawa imakhala yovuta kwambiri pa chisamaliro, komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwodzidalira, imatha kupereka zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa kwambiri.
Ndicho chifukwa chake tinaganizira momwe tingathere kukudziwitsani ndi zida zake ndikukuphunzitsani kukula mumunda wanu.
Sitiyenera kunyalanyazidwa ndi momwe tifunika kuisamalira kuti tipeze zokolola zabwino kwambiri.
Kukonzekera chodzala kolifulawa: Dziwani bwino za chomera, mitundu yake ndikukonzekera nthaka ndi mbewu
Koma caulifulawa, muyenera kumvetsera zake zothandiza katundu. Monga momwe adanenera ndi gastroenterologists, kudya kolifulawa kuli bwino kwambiri kuwonetsa ntchito ya m'mimba, chifukwa imakhala ndi zakudya zambiri kuposa mapuloteni, ndipo sizimayambitsa kupweteka m'mimba.
Choncho, ndibwino kuti ana ndi anthu omwe akudwala gastritis, ulcers ndi reflux. Zonsezi zimatsimikiziranso kufunikira kokhala masamba okoma komanso okoma m'munda wawo.
Mbali za kulima kolifulawa m'munda wawo
Mkhalidwe wa agrotechnical kolifulawa ndi wovuta kwambiri kuposa woyera kabichi, chifukwa umasowa kwambiri kuwala ndi kutentha, komanso umakhala wofooka mizu.
Makamaka, kutentha kwa nyengo yokhala ndi kabichi iyenera kukhala pakati pa +15 ndi 18ºС, kuyambira pamadzi otsika mitu imakhala yochepa kwambiri, imataya makhalidwe awo.
Ngati mbande zikubaya, ndiye kuti pamalo otseguka amatha kulekerera chisanu ngakhale mpaka -5 ºС, komabe chiopsezo chake chimakhala chokwera kwambiri.
Komanso, ngozi ya kolifulawa ndipamwamba kutentha, komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi kutentha kwapamwamba. Ngakhale pa 25ºє, mitu ya mbewuyo ikhoza kukulirakulira, ndipo ikhoza kukulephereka pakapita nthawi.
Ndikofunika kudzala mbande za kolifulawa pokhapokha pamalo otseguka ndi dzuwa. Ngakhale kutetezedwa ku mphepo n'kofunikanso, koma pakakhala shaded (kapena kwambiri kubzala), mbande za kabichi iyi idzatambasula ndikukhala zochepa zolimbana ndi matenda.
Chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti ndi kuwala kwa masana, mitu, ngakhale kuti amapangidwa mofulumira kwambiri, koma inflorescences yawo imakhalanso mbali mofulumira. Ndi nthawi yochepa ya kuwala, mutu udzakhazikika kwambiri, koma panthawi yomweyi, njirayi idzachedwa kuchedwa nthawi.
Chofunika kwambiri cha kabichi ndi maonekedwe a nthaka. Makamaka, ndi bwino kudzala mbewuyi mu dothi lopanda humus komanso losalowerera. Ate asidi anachita kwambiri, kuyambira kugwa nthaka iyenera kutulutsa.
Koma mulimonsemo, feteleza (organic ndi mchere) adzayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka mosiyana, nthawi yomweyo pakudza masika.
Kukonzekera kwa nthaka ndi mabedi: kodi kolifulawa amafunikira chiyani?
Monga tanenera kale, kolifulawa imafuna kuchuluka kwa zakudya, popanda kukula kwake komwe sikungatheke. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, pokonzekera nthaka, ndiko kukumba, humus imayambitsidwira mwamsanga.
Pa 1m2 mukhoza kupanga ndowa ziwiri. Kuchokera ku mchere feteleza tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nitrophoska, pafupi ndi supuni 2 pamalo omwewo. Kupanga mabedi ambiri sizothandiza, chifukwa zingayambitse chinyezi. Komabe, ngakhale ndi mabedi opapatiza kwambiri, mizu yofooka ya kolifulawa ikhoza kukhala yokwanira.
Kufesa mbewu za kolifulawa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa munda wa nthaka, peat ndi kuumitsa humus. Ndi kusamalira zachilengedwe chinyezi mu nthaka, mbande adzawoneka mofulumira kwambiri.
Zolifulawa zosiyanasiyana ndi o kusiyana: mwachidule za wotchuka kwambiri
Kawirikawiri, kolifulawa mitundu, komanso woyera kabichi, yagawidwa m'magulu atatu, mitundu yomwe tidzakutcha. Kusiyana pakati pa kucha kwa gulu lirilonse sikuli masiku oposa 14.
- Oyambirira kucha mitundu ya kolifulawa, mitu imene zipse mu 85-100 masiku pambuyo kufesa mbewu. Kusonkhanitsa mbewu kuti pakhale kufalitsa kabichi kumachitika patatha masiku 170 mpaka 205.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya gulu ili ndi "Chitsimikizo", "Oyambirira Gribovskaya 1355", "Movir 44". Zopindulitsa kwambiri oyambirira kolifulawa hybrids ndi "Snowball F1", "Baldo F1", "Alabaster F1". Koma, ndikuyenera kuzindikira kuti hybrids ndi zovuta kwambiri, ngakhale zimabereka zipatso bwino.
- Kolifulawa wapakatikati-nyengo amaimiridwa ndi mitundu monga "Parisian", "Ondine", "Patriotic", "Dachnitsa".
Zabwino kwambiri ndi zakunja zimapereka kabichi "Classic F1" ndi "Chambord F1". Mitu ya kabichi imeneyi nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kale patatha masiku 120-130 kuchokera nthawi yofesa mbewu. Mbewu zimafika kukhwima pambuyo pa masiku 205 kapena kuposa.
- Chakumapeto-kucha kolifulawa mitundu imakhalanso kwambiri ndithu. Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikiranso kuti kulima kwawo kuli kotheka kumadera akum'mwera a Ukraine ndi Russia, mwinamwake iwo amapereka zokolola zoipa kwambiri kapena akhoza kukusiyani popanda.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kucha kwa mochedwa kabichi kumachitika masiku opitirira 130 chiyambireni nyengo yokula. Ndipo mbewu zipsa ngakhale motalika - mpaka masiku 220.
Cholifulawa cha gululi chikuyimira makamaka ndi zokolola, zomwe Cortes F1, Skywalker F1 ndi Fortrose F1 ziyenera kuzindikiridwa. Zonsezi zinapangidwa kunja, koma ndi zikhalidwe zotentha zimatipatsa zotsatira zabwino ndi ife.
Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za gululo, chitetezo cha kolifulawa sichikulira konse, monga zimachitika ndi woyera kabichi. Komabe, mitundu yakuthwa yakucha zambiri imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri.
Mbeu za Kolifulawa ndi kukonzekera kubzala
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu ya kolifulawa kufesa kwapadera kulima mbande kumachitika motere:
- Poyamba, kuti mudziwe kuthekera kwa mbeu zonse, zimalimbikitsa kutenga zidutswa 10 ndikuyesera kumera pa minofu yonyowa ndi kusungunuka nthawi zonse. Ngati patadutsa masiku asanu mbeu izi sizikula, kukonzekera kubzala zina zikhoza kupewedwa.
- Kuti ukhale wolimba, mbewu imayenera kulowera kwa mphindi 10-15 m'madzi otentha (kutentha kwa madzi osapitirira 50 ºС). Pambuyo pake, iwo amatsika nthawi yomweyo m'madzi ozizira.
- Masana, njere ziyenera kuchitidwa mchere, zomwe zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku mchere wina uliwonse (mungagwiritse ntchito nitrophoska, koma zing'onozing'ono).
- Pambuyo pochotsa njere ku njirayi, iyenera kuchapidwa, kuyimitsidwa pang'ono ndi kutumizidwa ku malo ozizira, ndikutentha kwa 1-2 ºС. Ndikofunika kuti kuuma kwa mbeu, kumathandizire kwambiri kuwonjezera kukaniza kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Pambuyo pa njira zoterezi, mbewu zimakonzedwa bwino kuti zifesedwe pansi. Musamazifesetse pamalo otseguka, chifukwa mu zochitika za nyengo ya Ukraine ndi Russia, kolifulawa imabzalidwa kokha ndi chithandizo cha mbande.
Kodi ndi nthawi yani kudzala kolifulawa: tsatanetsatane wa zochitikazo
Tidzakudziwitsani ndi magawo awiri a kubzala kolifulawa: kufesa mbewu ndi kutsogolera kubzala kwa mbande mutseguka. Popanda kuganizira malangizo akulu, mudzaika pangozi kwambiri, chifukwa choti kolifulawa sungatheke.
Popeza mwataya nthawi pang'ono ndi masiku odzala kapena munakulitsa zolima zanu, mukhoza kuiwala za zokolola zonse.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za kulima Peking kabichi
Zolinga za kubzala kolifulawa: muyenera kulingalira chiyani?
Kufesa mbewu za caulifulawa zingayambike kale kuyambira pa March 5-10. Mitengo yoyambirira idzafesedwa panthawiyi. Pambuyo pake mbewu zimafesedwa m'chigawo cha March 10-20.
Mu April, amatha bzalani pansi, koma onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba filimuyi. Mulimonsemo, kumbukirani kuti mbewu za kolifulawa zimamera pamtambo wosachepera kuposa 2-5 ºС.
Mbeu itangotumizidwa pansi, imasungidwa kutentha kwa 20-25 ºС, ndipo itatha kumera - sabata imakhala pa 10 ºС. M'tsogolomu, ndikofunika kuteteza kutentha kuchokera pamwamba pa 20 ºС, zomwe zingayambitse kuyamba msangamsanga pamutu.
Patsiku la 14 mutatha kumera, kukolola kumatha kuchitika, koma kuti zisamakhudze kukula kwa mbande, kutentha kumatha kufika kwa21 ºї masiku 1-2, kenako kubwereranso ku +17 ºС.
Kufesa kolifulawa tikulimbikitsidwa osati tsiku limodzi, koma pamakanthawi a masiku 2-3. Izi zidzalola kuti nthawi yaying'ono yowonjezera kukolola kwake, kuti muthe kudya mitu yatsopano ya kabichi yomwe imangopsa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kubzala mbande ya kolifulawa pamalo otseguka kumachitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Mitengo yoyambirira imabzalidwa masiku oyambirira, ndipo kuyambira 10-20 zimatha kuyamba kubzala kenako mitundu. Koma, kuthamanga mwamphamvu kubzala mbande kungabweretse ku zotsatira zoipa kwambiri. Choncho, ngakhale kalendala ili pa May 15, ndipo yokha +15 ºї pamsewu - ndibwino kuti muzisiye ndi kusiya mbande m'nyumba kapena pansi pa filimuyo.
Ngati mutabzala mu chimfine chotere, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kwambiri kuti patadutsa masiku makumi atatu, zomera zimayambitsa mzere ndi mbewu, popanda kupanga mutu wonse.
Kukambilana ndondomeko yobzala mbande kabichi
Ngati tikukamba za kufesa mbewu za kolifulawa, ayenera kufesedwa mzere. Poyamba, pamtunda wa masentimita atatu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, masamba osaya kwambiri amapangidwa. Afunika kufalitsa mbewu za kabichi, kusiya pakati pawo mtunda wa masentimita imodzi.
Kuti mbewu zisamamatire, ziyenera kukhala zouma pang'ono. Pambuyo kufesa, mizere imadzazidwa ndi nthaka ndipo yaying'ono pang'ono. Pokumbukira zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, kutentha kumawonekera pa nthaka mu sabata. Powonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mbande ziyenera kukhala thinned kapena kuziika mabokosi kukhala makapu osiyana.
Mukadzala mbande za kabichi, mtunda wa pakati pa mbeu uyenera kukhala wochuluka kuti asasokonezane ndipo ali ndi zakudya zokwanira.
Cholinga chabwino kwambiri chodzala mbewu za kolifulawa ndi masentimita 25 pakati pa zomera mu mzere umodzi ndi masentimita 50 mu danga pakati pa mizere. Komabe, ndondomeko yoteroyi ndiyomwe mitundu yonse ya mitundu ya mbewu ya kolifulawa, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa mitengo iwiri iyenera kukhala yoyenera kukula kwa mitu yawo nthawi yonse yokalamba.
Kusamalira kolifulawa, zomwe zingakupatseni zokolola 100% - malamulo akulu ndi malangizo
Kukula mu zikhalidwe za pakati pa kilililidi chokhazikika chimasinthidwa bwino. Komabe, nkotheka kuti tipewe vutoli nthawi zonse komanso mosamala bwino zomera, zomwe zimatha kupereka kwa aliyense wamaluwa, amene alibe ngakhale zambiri.
Kolifulawa tizirombo ndi matenda: momwe tingapewere ndi kulimbana?
Pali zambiri tizirombo ndi matenda a kolifulawa. Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndi peronosporosis, mwendo wakuda, kabichi ntchentche, nkhono zosiyanasiyana ndi slugs, komanso kapu ya kabichi ndi whitefish.
Komabe, ubwino waukulu wa kabichi ndi kuti nthawi zambiri zimatheka kumenyana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda ake mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira: Kuwaza zomera ndi phulusa kapena fodya.
Komanso mukhoza kukonza njira yapadera yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchokera ku zimbudzi za tomato, zinyama komanso anyezi. Zonsezi ndi zothandiza kwambiri motsutsana ndi tizilombo ndi slugs. Komanso, n'zotheka kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa mwa kusonkhanitsa mphutsi ndi mazira omwe amawaika.
Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi kovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunika kusankha nthaka yoyera, yomwe mulibe zochitika za matenda a m'mbuyomo. Zikanakhala kuti matenda oterewa atuluka kale, zingakhale bwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera opopera mbewu.
Kuthirira mabedi a kolifulawa: ndi nthawi yochuluka bwanji ndi madzi ambiri amafunika?
Mabedi a Kolifulawa ayenera kukhala osakanizidwa nthawi zonse, koma osati owonjezera. Pambuyo mutabzala, mbande pa malo osatha a kukula ayenera kuthiriridwa kawiri pa sabata, pogwiritsa ntchito malita 6-8 a madzi pa m2.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amathirira madzi okwanira m'nthaka kumawonjezeka ndi 2-3 malita, koma ulimi wothirira wokha umayambika kuti ukhale wochepa - kamodzi pa sabata.
Kuthirira nthawi zonse kumafunika kuganizira za nyengo. Ngati mphepo imakhala yowonongeka ndipo dothi lakhala bwino, mukhoza kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kowonjezereka, koma ndi chilala cholimba, kuthirira kumachitidwa mobwerezabwereza komanso kwambiri.
Kuti chinyezi chisasokoneze kwambiri kuchokera ku zomera, ndi bwino kuti tiphimbe mitu ndi masamba awo apamwamba. Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 8, kuti zisawononge mapangidwe ake.
Chakudya chomera ndi fetereza za nthaka ndi caulifulawa
Top madiresi a kabichi kawirikawiri imachitika 3-4 nthawi pa nyengo. Choyamba chiyenera kuchitika kale pa tsiku la 20 mutabzala mbewu kumalo osatha.
Ndibwino kuti muthe kupeza njirayi kuchokera ku mullein. Makamaka, 0,5 malita a feteleza ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 10 malita a madzi ndipo aliyense chomera ayenera madzi, kudula 0,5 malita a yankho.
Kudyetsa mobwerezabwereza kumachitika patapita masiku khumi. Njira yonseyi imakhalabe yofanana, koma mu njirayi ndiyomwe yowonjezera supuni ya kristalo stalin ndikugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi lita imodzi ya fetereza pa mbeu.
Chakudya china chikhoza kuchitidwa kumapeto kwa June, pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la 10 malita a madzi ndi supuni 2 za nitrophobia. Nthawi ino kuzungulira 6-8 malita a fetereza kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera la 1m2.
Momwe mungayendetsere kuuma kwa mbande ndi chifukwa chiyani?
Kuuma kwa kolifulawa kumachitika pa mmera. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuwonjezera kukana kwa zomera ku kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Momwemo, masiku 12-14 musanadzalemo mbande pamalo omasuka, mabokosi omwe ali nawo amatulutsidwa mumsewu kwa usana (ngati nyengo ikuloleza).
Ngati kabichi ikukula pansi pa filimuyi, iyeneranso kukwezedwa kwa kanthawi.
Zomera za Kolifulawa ndi mbali zawo zosonkhanitsa
Kuyeretsa kuyenera kuchitika malinga ndi mitu yakucha.
Mu kalasi iliyonse, mawuwa adzakhala osiyana, koma kawirikawiri kolifulawa amakolola mpaka mapeto a August.
Iyenera kudula ndi mpeni, ndikusiya masamba angapo.
Mukhoza kusunga kaye kabichi kwa miyezi 2-3 ngati mutayisunga mabokosi opangidwa ndi pulasitiki muzipinda ndi kutentha kwa 0 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 90-95%.
