Mitundu ya mbatata ya Kiwi ndi imodzi mwa rarest, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika a mbewu zomwe zimapangidwa komanso mizu yachitsulo. Zosiyanasiyanazi sizinapezeke m'masitolo komanso m'masalefu a maiko a CIS, kotero amaluwa ambiri omwe sakudziwika nawo. Komabe, agronomists ambiri amakonda mbatata za Kiwi chifukwa cha kulemera kwake mu teknoloji yaulimi ndi zokolola zapadera. Kotero, kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi cha mbatata akhoza kusonkhanitsa pafupi theka la chidebe cha mbewu. Pansipa pali kufotokoza kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata Qiwi, komanso mfundo zoyambirira za kulima.
Mukudziwa? Zinyamazo zimatchedwa Kiwi chifukwa cha ukonde ndi ubweya wa peel ndi mtundu wozungulira wa chipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masamba aziwoneka ngati zachilendo za kiwi chipatso. Zinyamazo zidapangidwa ndi azungu ochita masewera mumzinda wa Zhuk, Kaluga Region, Russia.
Mbatata ya Kiwi: GMO kapena ayi?
Ambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa amalingalira kuti mtundu wa Kiwi kukhala wa Chibelarusi, chifukwa unkawonekera chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ya Lasok, Temp ndi Belarusian-3. Komabe, izi ndi zabodza chabe, ndipo, zedi, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Chifukwa chakuti pali zambiri zochepa zokhudza mbatata za Kiwi, ena amalimi akukanganabe ngati masamba awa ali otetezeka komanso ngati GMO - chilengedwe chosinthidwa. Pali lingaliro lomwe kamodzi kamodzi kamene sikawonongeke ndi kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata, kumatanthauza kuti kachilombo koyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kameneka kakuyambitsidwa mu jini yake. Komabe, sayansiyi imatengedwa nthawi yaitali.
Chifukwa chake kachilomboka ka Colorado katemera sichimenyana ndi mtundu wa Qiwi ndi kukhalapo kwa bio-cellulose mumapangidwe ake (mapuloteni omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwopsyeze), zomwe zimagunda masamba a chomeracho pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodutsa. Ndipo tsitsi lowonjezeka la peel limasonyeza zotsatira za kusamba kwa chikhalidwe ndi kubwereka, osati kusokoneza ndi ma gene. Choncho, mbatata za Kiwi zimaonedwa kuti ndizovuta.
Mbatata wa Kiwi: makhalidwe ndi kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya mtundu wa Kiwi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino ya mbatata mogwirizana ndi zipatso. Zakudya zakutchire, nyengo yake yakucha - mpaka masiku 120, malingana ndi nyengo ndi nyengo. Mlingo wa chinyezi umakhudza kwambiri: m'madera omwewo, ndi kubzala komweko, nthawi yokolola ikhoza kusiyana. 
Tsamba za mbatata ndi zazikulu, zitha kufika masentimita 40 mpaka 80. Tsinde ndi lolunjika, ndi nthambi zambiri zotsitsimula. Masambawa ndi owopsa, ofewa, emerald wobiriwira, ndi mitsempha yotentha. Mazira a mbatata ndi owala kwambiri. Mabala a mbatata a Kiwi ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka, ozungulira, okhala ndi mapepala ozungulira ndi khungu lamatope. Kukhudza mizu ndi yovuta kwambiri, khungu ndi lochepa. Mnofu ndi chipale chofewa, ndi mthunzi wa amber, ndi wandiweyani kwambiri ndipo amafuna chithandizo chotentha chotentha kuposa mitundu ina. Mitundu ya mbatata Qiwi ili ndi khalidwe linalake - ma tubers nthawi zonse amakula lalikulu kapena sing'anga, zing'onozing'ono sizichitika.
Zomwe zimabzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata Kiwi
Kubzala Kiwi mitundu ingakhale njira yachikhalidwe, monga mitundu yonse. Komabe, pali njira zolima zomwe zimakulolani kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, agronomists amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu mu Dutch njira. Kwa mbatata ya Kiwi, imapereka mfundo zoyenera kubzala zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.
Tsiku lofika
Kulima nthawi ya madera a nyengo yozizira - kumapeto kwa April - kumayambiriro kwa May. Ndibwino kuti nthaka ikafika mpaka 7% +9 ° C mozama pafupifupi 10 masentimita 10 ndipo pamene chisanu sichiwopsya, chifukwa zimakhala zovulaza kukolola kotsiriza.
Malamulo obwera: malo, ndondomeko, zamakono
Chidziwikire cha mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndichimodzimodzinso kuti sichibzalidwa ndi mbewu: mbatata yosakanikira ya mbatata ya Kiwi imakula. Chikhalidwe chimakonda malo a dzuwa, otentha kwambiri ndi dothi lachonde, lomwe limakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Mbatata zowonjezereka kwambiri pa dothi la mchenga, zomwe ziyenera kukonzekera kubzala mu September. Kuti tichite izi, nthaka yosanjikizidwa ikulima mpaka masentimita 18, pambuyo pake manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zokwanira popatsa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Kuti mbatata ikhale yochuluka, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza feteleza. Nthawi yoyamba iwo amapangidwa mu kugwa, ndipo yachiwiri - kumayambiriro kwa May. Musanabzala, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa kumsongole ndi kumasula kumasula. Cholinga cha kubzala mbatata Qiwi mu Dutch njira amapereka zinthu zoterezi:
- mizere iwiri yoyandikana ya mbatata - kusiyana - mizere iwiri - kusiyana. Mtunda wa pakati pa mabedi uyenera kukhala ndi masentimita 70. Izi ndizofunika kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zipangizo zamakono zing'onozing'ono zisamalidwe.
- Mtunda pakati pa kubzala tubers uyenera kukhala osachepera 30 cm;
- Zomera za tubers sizingapangidwe, ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi dziko kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kuya kwa kubzala tubers kumadalira mtundu wa nthaka. Mu loamy, padzakhala zokwanira kukulitsa chodzala ndi 5-8 masentimita, mu sod ndi podzolic - mukufunikira masentimita 10. Kuya kwake kumawerengedwa kuchokera pamwamba pa chodzala pamwamba pa mtunda.
Momwe mungamere mbatata mitundu ya Kiwi: zozizwitsa za chisamaliro
Mbatata Kiwi ndi wodzichepetsa kukula. Choncho, munda wamaluwa onse amatha kuchita izi mosiyana ndi chiwembu chake. Pa nyengo yonse yokula, mabedi amathiridwa katatu. Komanso muzitsatira nthawi yochepetsera nthaka ndi kupalira. Kuthira ndi feteleza zamchere zamadzimadzi kumachitika katatu: kwa nthawi yoyamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, chachiwiri ndi chachitatu - ndi masiku khumi.
Zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Mbatata ya Kiwi ili ndi chinthu china chosiyana pa kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana - kukana tizirombo. Chilomboka cha Colorado mbatata ndi wireworm sichimayambitsa konse masamba aang'ono ndi mphukira za mbatata. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chifukwa choyamba cha izi ndi kupezeka m'masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zamtunduwu, zomwe sizingafesedwe ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi chakuti mtundu wa Kiwi uli ndi masamba owuma ndi owopsa kwambiri, omwe amawotcha tizilombo ndipo amachititsa kuti asakhale mazira. Kuwonjezera apo, izi zosiyanasiyana sizimakhudzidwa ndi mochedwa choipitsa, nkhanambo, macrosporosis ndi zina zotero matenda a tizilombo.
Mbatata ya Kiwi: Kukolola
Mtengo wa zosiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zake, zomwe ndi makilogalamu 20 ndi 1 makilogalamu obzala tubers. Popeza mbatata ya Kiwi imachedwa, nthawi yokolola imachitika kumapeto kwa September - kumayambiriro kwa October. Nsonga zouma za mbatata - chizindikiro kuti ndi nthawi yokolola. Komanso, kuti mudziwe ngati mizu yayamba, mukhoza kukumba chitsamba chimodzi kuti muyambe kuyendera. Mbatata zonse zofulidwa zimayamba kuuma, kenako zimatengedwa, zimachotsedwa ngati zofunikira zowola ndi kutumizidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena malo ena ozizira osungirako.
Choncho, chifukwa cha zosiyana kwambiri ndi malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana, mbatata za Kiwi zinalandira mauthenga abwino ochokera kwa wamaluwa amene amakula nthawi zonse. Ndi ubwino wake wonse, mbatata za Kiwi zimakhala ndi digiri yapamwamba yosunga khalidwe ndipo zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kutaya mawonekedwe awo oyambirira ndi kukoma.
