Kuweta nkhosa sizitchuka kwambiri m'mabanja ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale alimi ambiri amayamikira zinyama zambiri. Ndipotu nkhosa zimakhala zosasamala, zimadya chakudya pang'ono, zimapatsa mtundu wabwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Chofunika kwambiri si nyama yawo yokha, komanso ubweya wa nkhosa.
Ndipo mitundu yambiri imatha kukhala ochulukirapo komanso ochuluka kwambiri mafuta ofunika. Nkhosa zotere monga Gissar zimagwirizana ndi zonsezi. Ali ndi ubwino wochuluka kwambiri, anthu ambiri amawabzala ndipo, m'minda yaing'ono, samapatula
Ndi mbali ziti zomwe zingathe kusiyanitsa nkhosa za Hissar: zodziwika ndi zizindikiro zazikulu
Mtundu uwu ndi zotsatira za ntchito za obereketsa dziko. Dziko lakwawo ndi Tajikistan, ngakhale lero zinyamazi zikhoza kupezeka kutali kwambiri ndi malire a Central Asia. Nkhosa za Hissar zimatengedwa kuti ndi nyama-mafuta, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa nyama ya nyama, yomwe imayambitsa zokolola, mchira waukulu wamafuta umapangidwa kumbuyo kwa chifuwa cha nyamazi. Ndiponso, iwo ndi a gululo nkhosa yamphongo yonyezimira.
Onani ngati nkhosazi ndi zokongola kapena ayi, sitidzapita, poskoku ndi nkhani ya kukoma. Ndipo kwa ambiri, kukongola kwa nyama kumangokhala kokha. Ndilo chinthu chomaliza ndikuwonetsa Zizindikiro zonse zakunja za nkhosa ya Hissar:
- Thupi la zinyama ndilo lalitali kwambiri, ndi liwu lolimba.
- Miyendo ndi yoonda kwambiri, yolunjika komanso yapamwamba. Ali wamkulu, kutalika kwa nkhosa kumafikira mita imodzi.
- Chifuwa chimabwera patsogolo, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mtunduwu.
- Mutu wa nkhosa za Gissarka ndizochepa. Mbali yodabwitsa ya oimira mtunduwu ndi khola labwino kwambiri, lomwe liri pansi pa uta wa nyama.
- Makutu ndi otalika kwambiri, kotero iwo amakhala pansi.
- Mutu nthawi yomweyo imalowa m'thupi ndipo zimawoneka kuti alibe khosi. Ndipotu, ngakhale kuti ndi yochepa, kuyang'ana kwake kosaoneka kumapangidwira chifukwa chakuti ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
- Chovalacho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri ndipo chimapereka chitsimikizo chakuti chinyama ndi chochepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti zochitikazo zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri.
- Anthu aŵiri onsewa a mtundu wa Gissar ndi nkhosa za komolyami. Komatu iwo ali ndi mchira wabwino kwambiri komanso wamtengo wapatali. Ngati nyama idyetsedwa bwino ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali, kulemera kwa rump kungathe kufika ma kilogalamu 40.
- Pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa malaya, ndiye kuti pakati pa nkhosa za Gissar pali mdima wofiirira komanso woimira wakuda.
Kawirikawiri, oblasti ya ubweya ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo alibe pafupifupi mtengo uliwonse wa nkhosa. Ngakhale ndi kawiri ka tsitsi ka nkhosa yamphongo, sikungatheke kupeza ngakhale 2 kg a nastrig.
Zovuta za ubweya sikuti ndizochepa chabe, komanso kupezeka kwachabechabe chochuluka chomwe chimatchedwa tsitsi lakufa ndi tchire. Choncho, poswana mtundu wapadera, ubweya wake suphatikizidwa phindu la zinyama.
Pa zifukwa za kutchuka kwa mtundu wa Gissar pakati pa obereketsa nkhosa
Phindu lofunika kwambiri la kuswana mtundu uwu ndizochita bwino. Choyamba, simukusowa chakudya chochuluka. Nthenda yotchulidwayi ndi yabwino kwambiri kudyetsa msipu pafupi ndi chaka chonse.
Komanso, Zomera sizingakhale zochuluka poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa udzu. Nyama zimakhalanso ndi phindu lolemera podyetsa msipu, chifukwa zimatha kudyetsa msipu uliwonse. Amatha kuchita popanda mabwato, ngati muwalola kuti amwe madzi ambiri m'mawa ndi madzulo (asanadye msipu).
Chinthu chachiwiri pa phindu la mtundu uwu ndi Zomangamanga zotsika mtengo. Ndipotu, mbali yaikulu yomanga yomangamanga ndiyo kuonetsetsa kuti zouma ndi pogona zimachokera ku mphepo. Nkhosa, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, zimatha kuyimbikitsana. Malo okha omwe nkhosa zamphongo ndi zakumwa za mkaka zimachitika zimakhala zotentha. Komabe, apa mungapeze chingwe, ngati mukukonza mulu pokhapokha pa nthawi yachisanu.
Ndi zopindulitsa kukula nkhosa za Hissar komanso chifukwa chakuti zikukula mofulumira. Choncho, m'zaka ziwiri zokha, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali m'gululi chikhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 2-3, pomwe palibe chifukwa cha eni ake.
Kupeza nyama zolimba monga momwe zifotokozedwera sizingatheke. Amagwidwa ponseponse m'mphepete mwa steppe ndi m'chipululu, komwe kulibe chakudya chochepa chabe, komanso nyengo yovuta ya kukhalapo. Pambuyo pake, minofu yambiri, chifukwa cha zomwe angapulumutse moyo ngakhale kuti palibe chakudya, sichimangowonjezera mchira wa mafuta, komanso pansi pa khungu ndi kuzungulira ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zamkati. M'madera akumapiri a Tajikistan, nkhosa za Gissar zimadyetsedwa chaka chonse.
Mwachidule za zotsatira za mtunduwu
Mu kukula kwa nkhosa za Hissar ndi chimodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri za mtundu wake. Kulemera kwa amuna kumatha kufika mosavuta 200 kilograms, ndipo kutalika kwa anthu kawirikawiri kumakhala oposa mita imodzi. Chifukwa cha ichi, kukolola kwa nyama kwachuluka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pakupha nyama pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya kulemera kwa nyama yawo ndi zotsatira za mwanawankhosa wabwino. Ndiponso Nyama ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Kukoma kwabwino, ndi kukoma kwake, khalidwe lokha la mtundu uwu.
- Mwanawankhosa wa nkhosa ya Hissar ali ndi thanzi labwino, chifukwa ali ndi minofu yochuluka yokwanira.
- Ndi phindu la nyama ya nkhosa zotchulidwayo zimatha kukangana ndi nyama ya zinyama zina.
- Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa mtunduwu, mwanawankhosa wake ndi wamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa ndalama zina.
- Popeza nyamazo ndi zazikulu, kukula kwake kwa mchira wa mafuta kumakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Monga tanenera kale, kulemera kwace ndikolemera makilogalamu 40, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimasinthasintha makilogalamu 25.
Ndiponso, awa Zinyama zili ndi chitetezo chabwino cha mthupi. Izi, makamaka, ndicho chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kudzichepetsa kwawo. Koma, mtundu uwu umakhala ndi malo ofunikira mofanana poti amaswana, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga chonyamulira cha makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a nyama ndi kukula kwakukulu.
Ubwino wa zomwe zilipo zikuphatikizapo makhalidwe otsatirawa:
Mpata wokonzera kusintha kwa nyengo ndi nyengo.- Kuweta nkhosa za Hissar, mungagwiritse ntchito msipu wosayenera. Malo okhawo - mathithi sangagwirizane ndi nkhosa.
- Kupirira kwa mtunduwu kumakulolani kuti mukhale nawo pa msipu chaka chonse.
- Osati za kusintha kwanthawi yaitali pofuna kupeza chakudya chabwino.
- Komanso, ubwino wobeleta womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa ndi kucha msanga, komanso ubwino wa mkaka wamphongo, uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku ubwino woswana ndi kusunga mtundu. Choncho, atangoyamba kugwilitsila nchito mwana wamphongo woyamba, bulu limodzi limatha kupanga makilogalamu 100 a mkaka kwambiri ndi mkaka wokoma pamwezi.
- Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo ndikukonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Zonse za mkaka wa nkhosazi zimangokhalira kudyedwa ndi thupi la munthu ndikuzidyetsa ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa.
- Ubweya wa nkhosa ya Gissar uli ndi ubwino wofunikira. Ngakhale sichigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsalu zamtengo wapatali, zimakhala zoyenera kuti apange mapuloteni osiyanasiyana komanso amamtunda.
Mpata wokonzera kusintha kwa nyengo ndi nyengo.Kodi phindu lanji la nkhosa za Gissar liyenera kudziwa asanayambe kubala pakhomo pawo?
Udu wochepa kwambiri. Pofuna kukonzekera bwino, zimakhala zoyenera kusonkhanitsa nastrig kwa nthawi yayitali, kapena kubzala gulu lalikulu.
Ngakhale nkhosa izi zimalowa msinkhu msinkhu, koma sizimabereka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, nkhosa imodzi ili ndi zinyalala za ana a nkhosa awiri.
Pakadali pano, chiwerengero cha anthu a mtundu uwu chachepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chiwerengero chawo m'nthaŵi za Soviet Union. Pankhaniyi, kupeza ana a nkhosa a Gissar oyera kuti asamalidwe bwino sangakhale ntchito yosavuta.
Gissar nkhosa zokolola: zizindikiro zofunika ndi mitundu
Tatchula zambiri zokhudza zokolola mu zochitika zina zapamwamba, koma ndizitchulidwabe Zitsanzo za zizindikiro zenizeni za nkhosa za Gissar:
- Kawirikawiri, nkhosa zimakula kufika 130-150 kilogalamu, ngakhale kuti zimakhala zolemera kwambiri, chiwerengerochi chifikira makilogalamu 200. Nkhumba zamoyo sizimakhala zazikulu, komabe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kuposa ziŵeto za mitundu ina - makilogalamu 90-110, okwana 150 kilograms.
- Pokumbukira kuti kuchuluka kwa zokolola za nyamazi ndi 60%, kulemera kwa mtembo wa nkhosa kungakhale pafupifupi pafupifupi makilogalamu 84 (gawo lalikulu limatengedwa ndi kulemera kwa mchira wa mafuta).
- Chifukwa cha kukula msanga, ndi msinkhu wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ana a nkhosa akulemera makilogalamu 60. Mukamadyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere, m'miyezi iwiri yoyamba, kuwonjezeka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumatha kuchokera ku 400 mpaka 550 magalamu.
- Ponena za kupanga mkaka wa Guissar's, nkhosazi ndizo zabwino kwambiri. Pa tsiku limene amapereka pafupifupi 2.5 malita a mkaka. Choncho, kawirikawiri ana a nkhosa amayamitsidwa kuyamwa kuchokera kwa amayi awo oyambirira kuti agwiritse ntchito mkaka pazinthu zawo.
- Tikulimbikitsidwa kudula oimira mtundu uwu kawiri pa chaka. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kwa chaka chathunthu, nkhosa imodzi imatha kupeza makilogalamu 1.4-1.7 a ubweya, ndi nkhosa - kuchokera pa 0.7 mpaka 1.3 kilograms.
Kugawa Hessars ndi Machitidwe Opangira
Ngakhale kuti, kawirikawiri, mtundu uwu ndi wa nyama-wosasamala, palinso mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yake, momwe chikhalidwe chimodzi chimadutsa chimzake. Makamaka akatswiri amasiyanitsa mitundu iyi:
Gulu. Chikhalidwe chofunika kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe akunja a mtundu uwu ndi kukhalapo kwa khanda wamkulu wamchira. Mchira wamafuta wa nyama umayikidwa mu mchira wa mafuta.
Kukula kwake kumatha kufika gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thupi lonselo. Pa kuphedwa, kulemera kwa mchira wa mafuta kumafikira makilogalamu 40, omwe angakhale oposa awiri pakati pa oimira ena.
Nyama ndi mafuta. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku mtundu uwu wa nkhosa ndi wochepa kwambiri kuposa umene watchulidwa pamwambapa, akadakali pamwamba. Mphuno yawo ili ndi kukula kwakukulu, kukokera kumbuyo kwa msana. Zizindikiro za nyama zomwe zasonyeza bwino.
Nyama. Nkhumba zokha za nkhosa za Hissar ndizochepa kwambiri, zinabadwa chifukwa cha kusakanikirana ndi mitundu ina. Chiphuphu chochokera kwa iwo sichingakhoze kuoneka konse, chifukwa chiri chapamwamba kwambiri mpaka kumbuyo. Mwanawankhosa wa zinyama zotere amakhala wokoma kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mafuta, chifukwa mafuta amafika pafupi ndi minofu ya minofu.
Malamulo a chisamaliro ndi kusamalira nkhosa za Gissar kuti akwaniritse zokolola zambiri
Malamulo oyang'anira ndi kusamalira nkhosa za Hissar ndizosiyana ndi zokolola zawo. M'madera awo, kumene nyama zimakhala pa udzu kwaulere kwa chaka, m'nyengo yozizira zimakhala zowonongeka kwambiri m'mapiri, kumene kulibe malo ophimba matalala ndipo nkhosa zimatha kupeza chakudya chawo. Ndipo pofika kutentha kwa nyama izi, ndi bwino kudyetsa kudera lamapiri ndi zambiri zowera.
Pozisunga nyama m'mapulasi, m'chilimwe amadyidyidwanso m'malo odyetserako ziweto (komanso, akhoza kusiya kunja ngakhale usiku). Koma m'nyengo yozizira amawapititsa kuzipangizo zokhazikika, kumene nyama zimalandira chakudya nthawi zonse.
Nsalu ya nkhosa ya Hissar yomwe imakhala yopanda phindu kwa anthu imathandiza zinyama kuti zipirire ndi zovuta pa chilengedwe: zimakhala mofulumira kwambiri mvula ikakhala bwino. Ngakhale kuti, mtundu wonsewo umalekerera mvula yambiri yosafunika, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti zolembera nthawi zonse ziziwuma.
Nkhosa za Hissar sizothandiza kupereka msipu wokhala ndi chakudya chochuluka, ngati gawo lalikulu. Pambuyo pake, mtundu uwu ndi wa osayendayenda, motero amafunika kusuntha kwambiri tsiku lililonse, kudutsa mtunda wautali kwambiri. Pa msipu akhoza kuchitika ndikupangitsa mwanayo kugwidwa. Kunja iwo akhoza kuyamwa.
Koma ziribe kanthu momwe ziwetozi zinasungidwira, kuyang'ana ubweya wawo chifukwa cha mavitamini - ntchentche ndi nkhupakupa - ziyenera kuchitika nthawi zonse. Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kufalitsa, tsitsi la nyama limaperekedwa moyenera. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kuchitapo chimodzimodzi pamodzi ndi gulu lonse, kuti asasunthire ku nyama imodzi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukonza momwe nkhosa zimasungidwira..
Kusamalira nkhosa zamphongo panthawi yakhazikika komanso zofunika kusamalira ana
Pamene mukuweta nkhosa ndi nkhosa sizikusowa kuti mukhale ndi nyemba. Mbuzi zoterezi, kuswana pakati pa nyama kumachitika mwachibadwa, ndicho chifukwa cha kuonekera kwa chaka chonse mu zinyalala. Koma abulu oyembekezera ndi abwino kwambiri kuti athetse kuyamwa kuchokera ku gulu lonse. Ndiponsotu, panthawi yomwe alibe ufulu, amafunikira chakudya chabwino, chomwe amadyetsedwa m'malo odyetserako.
Nkhosa zamphongo zili ndi nsomba kwa masiku 145. Pakadutsa miyezi itatu, ndibwino kuti mukhalebe pafupi ndi mayiyo, chifukwa mkaka wake udzakhala mofulumira komanso bwino. Ngati mkaka wa nkhosa ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa inu - mukhoza kuyamwa kale kwambiri. Akachoka, ana a nkhosa amaloledwa kuphedwa, kapena amadyetsedwa ndi gulu lonse la ziweto pa msipu wosauka.
Zomwe zimawathandiza kudyetsa nkhosa za Hissar: Kodi kudya nyama ndi kotani?
Ngakhale pokonza chakudya chochepa kwambiri, nyamazi sizidzavutika. Amazoloŵera kuti chakudya sichingakhale chokwanira nthawi zonse ndipo chimatha kusunga zakudya ndi kusungira nkhokwe za mafuta "nthawi zovuta kwambiri."
Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, amatha kupeza chakudya chawo, kudyetsa mizu. Koma ngati mukufuna kupeza nyama yamtundu wambiri, ndibwino kudyetsa zinyama kumalo odyetserako msipu ndi udzu wambiri wambiri komanso kukhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito madzi okwanira.
Ngati mukuyembekezeranso kusunga nyama kunja kwa nyengo yozizira, iwo adzafunikanso kupereka chakudya chapadera. Mukhoza kukonzekera ogulitsa omwewo, monga odyera m'nkhalango zakutchire. Koma chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndi kugwira ntchito pang'ono ndi kumanga mafunde otentha komanso owuma opanda mazira (makamaka ngati pali ana a mkaka).
Nyama sizidya chakudya chochuluka: Zidzakhala ndi udzu wokwanira, mbewu zosazinga (chakudya chosakaniza) ndi mbewu zakudulidwa. Komanso, sitiyenera kuiwala za kumwa mbale ndi madzi atsopano ndi makina apadera, omwe angathandize zinyama kudzaza zofooka muzitsulo zamchere.
