Davallia ndi chomera chokongoletsera cha epiphyte. Fern wamuyaya uyu amapezeka zachilengedwe kumalo otentha ku Asia, kuphatikiza China ndi Japan, komanso ku Canary Islands. Amalimidwa bwino m'malo obiriwira komanso malo okhala, malinga ndi Kutentha nthawi zonse. Wotchedwa kulemekeza katswiri wazachikhalidwe cha ku England E. Davalla.
Kufotokozera kwa davallia
Pazinthu zachilengedwe, fern imafika m'lifupi ndi 1.5 m mulifupi ndi 1 mita kutalika, ndipo mkati mwazomera imasiya kukula ndi tsinde lalitali masentimita 45. Chifukwa cha mphukira, yokhala ndi villi yoyera, idalandira dzina lotchuka "phazi la hare". Pazu, mutha kuwona mamba a bulauni kapena bulauni.
Crohn ikufalikira. Masamba ndi otseguka, obiriwira owala, opangidwa mosamala, m'mitundu yambiri yamapangidwe amitundu itatu, ngakhale ilinso ndi oval kapena rhomboid. Tsinde limayambira pansi, ndichifukwa chake davallia amakonda kumera ngati duwa lambiri. Kumbuyo kwa tsamba lakutali ndi sporangia ya bulauni (chiwalo chomwe limamera, kumatseguka nthawi yakuswana).
Mitundu ya davallia
Pali 60 subtypes a mbewu. Mitundu yokongoletsera yomwe imatha kubzala osati wowonjezera kutentha, komanso malo ocheperako, imawonetsedwa pansipa.
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Zotulutsidwa | Masamba atatu amtundu wa kuwala kwa wobiriwira wachikasu pa petioles. Mfuti zimakhala zochepa. |
| Maries | Kufupika, mpaka 25cm kutalika. Kupirira kutentha kwakukulu, koma osatsitsa. Mizu yake imakutidwa ndi bristles yoyera. |
| Makulidwe | Masamba ndiwotalikirapo, mpaka 50 cm, omwe amagawidwa kukhala osabala kozungulira komanso lofanana, komwe kali ndi sporangia. Petioles ndi zofiirira. |
| Masamba asanu | Mbale zolimba ndi sheen wonyezimira. Chocolate rhizome, villi ndifupi komanso zofewa. |
| Bubbly | Sporangia ali pamtunda wa masamba otupa pang'ono. Utoto wowala, wobiriwira pang'ono. |
| Fijian | Kutalika mpaka 90 cm, mawonekedwe otseguka, mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Nthawi ndi nthawi amakonzanso mphukira. |
| Canary | Masamba otchuka kwambiri. Pansi ndi yokutidwa ndi mamba a bulauni ndi villi. Zimayambira pansipa. |
Kusamalira davallia kunyumba
| Parameti | Zofunika |
| Malo / Kuwala | Imani pawindo lakumadzulo kapena kum'mawa, kuteteza ku dzuwa. Kuti mumwaze kuyatsa ndikupewa kuyaka, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tulle. |
| Kutentha | Chaka chonse kuti apereke kutentha kwa +18 ... +22 ° C. |
| Kuthirira | Madzi ngati dothi ladzaza. M'nyengo yotentha, nyowetsani nthaka nthawi zambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda, osakhazikika komanso kuthirira ndi mphuno yopapatiza, kapena kumiza mumphika mumtsuko wamadzi, kenako kukhetsa madzi owonjezera. |
| Chinyezi | Onani kuchuluka kwa 50-55%. Pukuta pa sapota madzi owiritsa, komanso pafupipafupi ikani zotengera mu peat wothira, kupewa kuwola kwa wai. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Manyowa panthaka kuyambira pa Meyi mpaka Ogasiti kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Gwiritsani ntchito kuvala pamwamba pamtundu wam'malo otentha, kuchepetsa mankhwalawa katatu kapena katatu poyerekeza ndi omwe adalimbikitsa. |
Thirani, dothi
Poto wofesa uzikhala wosalala komanso wotambalala. Kupanga ngalande kuchokera ku dongo lokwera pansi. Sakanizani dziko lapansi pazosakaniza zotsatirazi 2: 1: 1: 1: 2:
- peat;
- mchenga;
- dziko la turf;
- sphagnum moss
- chosankha chamanyazi.
Kuika kuyenera kuchitika zaka ziwiri zilizonse kapena kamodzi pachaka ngati mizu imadzaza msuzi. Ndondomeko ikhoza kuchitika kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Epulo.
Kuswana
Fern alibe mbewu, kubala, spores kapena mbali zina za nthambizo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yoyamba ndiyovuta kwambiri:
- Spores okhwima kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Mthunzi wakuda umaonetsa kukonzekera kumera. Ngati mtunduwo ndi woyenera, spores ayenera kudulidwira ndikuwuma m'malo amdima kwa maola 48.
- Konzani chidebe chotsika chodzaza ndi peat yonyowa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kumiza chonde m'nthaka ndi madzi otentha kapena ma calcination: izi zimathandizira kumera.
- Nyowetsani nthaka, nabalalitsa masamba onse panthaka. Tsekani kabowo kapena mphika wokhala ndi zojambulazo ndikusiya chidebe pazenera zowunikira, m chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa osachepera +12 ° C. Pambuyo kumera (kumachitika mkati mwa mwezi umodzi) utsi wa peat kuchokera pa mfuti yokula.
- Sungani zikuni pansi pa filimuyo, ndikuwuluka tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 15. Pitilizani kupukutira gawo lapansi kuchokera pa mfuti ya utsi.
- Ngati mbande ili pafupi kwambiri, peek panja (kudzala kwambiri, kutenga ndi ma tweezers).
- Pang'onopang'ono onjezerani nthawi yotsatsira ndipo mwezi umodzi mutatuluka mphukira, pamapeto pake chotsani filimuyo.
Njira yothandiza komanso yosavuta ndiyo kugawanitsa anthu. Algorithm yokhudza kuphedwa:
- Chotsani chomera champhika. Chotsani nthaka kuchokera kumizu.
- Ndi tsamba lakuthwa, losawilitsidwa, gawani mpweya m'magawo osachepera 7 masentimita ndi tsamba limodzi. Sinthani mabala ndi makala amoto.
- Ziwalo za mbewu m'mbale zodyera zosiyana. Kwa miyezi 1-2, sinthani mwapadera ma fern atsopano.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la chomera kuti muzu: tsinde kapena tsamba. Zotsatira zake sizotsimikizika, koma ngati gululo lisungidwa m'nyumba yobiriwira m'nyumba, ndizotheka.
Mavuto omwe akukula davallia
Kulephera kutsatira malamulo osamalira pakhomo kumakwiyitsa mbewu kapena kuwola kwa mbewu. Mavuto awa ndi ena, komanso njira zowathetsera, afotokozedwa pansipa.
| Vutoli | Chifukwa | Njira Zothetsera |
| Kukula pang'ono | Kuperewera kwa umuna ndi madzi, kusowa kwa ma radiation a ultraviolet. | Ikani mu dothi latsopano ndi mphika, sinthani zenera la sill kapena mugule kuyatsa kwanyumba. |
| Masamba owoneka bwino | Dzuwa. | Konzaninso fern ku zenera lakumadzulo kapena mthunzi. |
| Kugwa kwa masamba | Mpweya wochepa kapena kutentha kwa madzi. | Madzi okha ndi madzi ofunda, konzekeraninso mphikawo pafupi ndi batri (koma osalola kupsa mtima). Chotsani zolemba kapena chotsani epiphyte pazenera ndi pakhomo. |
| Wai | Mpweya wouma. | Finyani mbewuzo pafupipafupi kapena sinthani madzi ofunda, kupewa madziwo kuti asalowe. |
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
| Matenda / Tizilombo | Njira zoyesera |
| Fungal mawonedwe | Dulani madera omwe ali ndi matenda. Zidutswa zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito malasha ophwanyika. Utsi fern Mikosan. |
| Zovunda | Chotsani mizu yowola, ndikulowetsani duwa kukhala dothi latsopano. Masiku atatu oyambilira samathirira, ndiye onetsetsani kuti hydration siochuluka. |
| Nematode | Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa mbewu. Iyenera kuponyedwa kunja. Kuti fern watsopano asadwale, muyenera kuyamwa gawo lapansi mu uvuni kwa theka la ola. |
| Spider mite | Nthawi zonse pakani zitsamba kuchokera ku atomizer (nkhupakupa imawopa chinyezi). Ngati njira yosavuta sizinathandize, gwiritsani ntchito ndi Actara kapena Actellik. |
| Ma nsabwe | Kusintha chomera ndi madzi a sopo. Tizilombo tikadzayambiranso, zibwerezaninso mpaka katatu mpaka kupumula kwa masiku atatu. Onetsetsani kuti madziwo sagwera pachiwopsezo chachikulu. |
