Kuweta kalulu ndi nthambi yakale komanso yabwino kwambiri ya ulimi. Pakalipano, pali mitundu makumi asanu ndi anai yapachiyambi, imene akatswiri amagawaniza mu "nyama" ndi "ubweya". Chotsatirachi chimagwirizanitsa gulu la tsitsi lalifupi ndi lalitali.
M'dziko lathu, gulu lomaliza limakhala lopangidwa, ndipo nthumwi yoyera kwambiri ndi akalulu akuluakulu. Chifukwa chiyani mtundu uwu wotchuka kwambiri amayesera kumvetsa masamba a bukhu ili.
Bukhuli laperekedwa kwa mtundu waukulu wa kalulu, chifukwa ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri m'dziko lathu, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kupanga mafakitale ndi bizinesi.
Kodi ubwino ndi zopindulitsa za mtunduwu ndi ziti? Kodi pali chiyembekezo chotani kuti chitukuko cha nthambi iyi ikhale yobereketsa kalulu? Kodi ndi zinthu zotani zobereketsa ndi kusamalira zinyama zoterezi? Mafunso awa ndi ena mungapeze yankho m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera
Mbewu imeneyi inalimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri a ku Ukraine ku Poltava mu 1952. Alangizi ankadutsa akalulu amtundu wamba komanso oimira mtundu wa flandr. Chotsatira chake, tinalandira zinyama zazikulu zedi, zolemera makilogalamu asanu ndi asanu, ndi chifuwa cha girth cha masentimita 37 (masentimita 39). Sali lalifupi kuposa masentimita 56 ndipo sizitali kuposa masentimita 66.
Popeza mtunduwu ndi watsopano, mtundu wa nyama siulinso wosasinthasintha, umakhala wofiira kwambiri, koma anthu oyera amdima ndi oyera amapezekanso, omwe malingana ndi zizindikiro zina ndi za mtundu waukulu wa imvi.
Maonekedwe
Akalulu azisamba angakhale osiyana. "Agouti" otchedwa akalulu ndi mtundu wofiira. Ali ndi mimba yoyera ndi miyendo, ndipo thupi ndi lofiirira. Mtundu wa chovalacho ndi zonal, tsitsi laulonda ndi lamdima pamwamba, loyera pansi, ndi lachikasu pakati. Mtundu wa malaya amtunduwu umalinso wosalinganika, kawirikawiri pamzu wake ndi buluu, pamwamba ndi mdima ndipo pakati ndi chikasu.
Mu gulu linalake, anthu omwe ali ndi mdima wofiira, monga a kangaroo, amasiyana kwambiri; matupi awo ndi amdima ndi tchati, ndipo mimba ndi pansi pa mchira zimasuta imvi. Ma pods ndi a buluu kumbali yonse kutalika kapena pang'ono kuunika pazu.
Oweta nyama amasonyeza nyama zowirira, tsitsi lawo limakhala lofiirira, limabalalika m'thupi lonse ndipo limawoneka ngati imvi. Mtundu wakuda wakuda wakudawu ndi wofala kwambiri.
Akalulu oterewa ali ndi malamulo amphamvu, komanso makutu akuluakulu, omwe amalemba kalatini V.
Kukonzekera
Amayi osakanizidwa ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndi amayi abwino komanso namwino wamwino wa mkaka. Mu zinyalala zosaposa ana khumi ndi awiri, monga lamulo, mabulu amabweretsa ana otha msinkhu, okula mwamsanga.
Akalulu a miyezi iwiri amatha kulemera makilogalamu 1.7, ndipo akalulu a miyezi itatu akulemera masekeli awiri. M'mwezi wachinayi, iwo amakhala ochepa kuposa makilogalamu atatu. Munthu wamkulu amalemera makilogalamu 6. Zinyama za miyezi isanu ndi iŵiri zakonzeka kubereka.
Zotsatira za kuphedwa kwa mtunduwu ndi 60-61%, ndi kulemera kwa mtembo pamtundu wosachepera 3 makilogalamu, ndipo malo amtundu wa khungu amakafika masentimita 3000 masentimita (pafupifupi 2500 -2700 cm masentimita).
Mtunduwu ndi wa gulu la nyama, chifukwa umapangidwa ndi ubweya ndi nyama zodyera. Mtengo wa zikopawo ndi wochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kawirikawiri, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa ubweya sikuli yunifolomu.
Mbali kuswana, chisamaliro
Akalulu otere amakhala nthawi zambiri kunyumba, koma osati m'nyumba, koma m'madera a dzikoli, pakhomo pakhomo lalikulu lalikulu. Iwo ndi okongola kwambiri, okondana ndi achikondi. Choncho, anthu ambiri amakonda kuwasunga monga ziweto. Chidziwitso kwa ana ang'onoang'ono ndilo vuto lawo lokha.
Pofuna kuti akalulu a mtunduwu azitha kubereka bwino, nkofunika kutsatira zofunikira zoyenera kuti azisamalira.
- Kuyeretsa maselo kumafunika nthawi zonse (izi ndizofunika kuti pasakhale mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda);
- Kuteteza maselo ndi malo oyenera kumapangidwe kawiri pa chaka.
Njira zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo zowonongeka, zomwe zimafala m'dziko lathu, zimakhala ndi makoma oyeretsa mchere komanso zimakhala ndi mankhwala okwana 10% a chlorinated. Mavitamini owonjezera amachititsa anthu asanakhazikitsidwe kapena matenda omwe amawopsa amachitika pakati pa anthu.
Nkofunika kuti m'chipinda momwe akalulu amasungidwa kumeneko palibe ma drafts.
Maluso
Mtundu uwu uli ndi zinthu zosiyana, zomwe ndizo:
- kutchuka kwa anthu (mu zinyalala, pafupipafupi, makapu 7-8, chiwerengero chachikulu chikhoza kufika 9-12);
- bwino milkiness wa akazi;
- akalulu ang'onoang'ono osamalira amayi (nthawi zambiri, amawasamalira bwino);
- Nyama zoterozo ndizosalekeza, zimapereka mwana wathanzi ngakhale kutentha kwa -30 ° C chisanu;
- Zinyama ndizosafuna kudya, zimakula bwino komanso zimakhala zamphamvu, komanso zimabala bwino pa chakudya chilichonse ndi zakudya zilizonse;
- akalulu si otsika kwa mitundu ya nyama, ngati akuleredwa molingana ndi broiler;
- kawirikawiri amadwala;
- wochezeka, wachikondi, wamakhalidwe abwino, wotsutsa kupsinjika;
- kuchokera kwa iwo alandire zikopa zazikulu (1 3 sq. m).
Kuipa
Akatswiri amadziwa zofooka zambiri za mtunduwu, monga:
- Zinyama zimadya kwambiri, kotero kuti zimaswana, zakudya zisanafike;
- mtunduwo sungatchedwe mofulumira;
- Ana obadwa kumene amawoneka ndi manja ofooka (anthu amakanidwa chifukwa cha vuto ili);
- poyerekeza ndi mitundu yodyetsa nyama, ali ndi zokolola zochepa;
- ubwino wa ubweya wawo umakhala wofunika kwambiri (mtundu wosagwirizana ndi unyinji), kotero sizowona mtengo kuti uziwunika.
Kudyetsa mbali
Pokonza chakudya cha akalulu, mlimi ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti chakudya chokwanira kapena chosowa chokwanira ndi chovulaza kwa mtunduwo. Mu anthu ochepa kwambiri kapena ochepa, ubereki wamachepa amachepetsedwa, amatsutsa komanso amakhala ndi ana ochepa. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, akalulu achilendo sapanganso.
Kwa kubereka anawapatsa malita onse muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta a zakudya:
- yang'anani zakudya kuti nyama isadwale matenda oyambitsa matenda (ubwino wa m'mimba mwa akalulu oterewa umaphatikizapo kuyeretsa m'matumbo mwa kulandira gawo latsopano la chakudya);
- kuchuluka kwa chakudya chiyenera kukhala chokwanira (chinyama chiyenera kudyetsedwa mochuluka);
- chakudyacho chiyenera kukhala chosiyana, mwinamwake mudzayenera kukumana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa ana;
- pofuna kudyetsa ntchito zatsopano zokhazokha zachilengedwe (palibe zovunda, kuthamanga kwa nkhuku ndi nkhungu);
- kukhazikitsa madzi okwanira osatha, makamaka ngati ziweto zimadyetsedwa chakudya chouma;
- Chakudya chodalirika cha kalulu wa fruiting ndi amuna obala amapindula ndi mchere komanso mavitamini owonjezera.
Oimira a mtundu uwu amadya ndiwo zamasamba ndi udzu, samadya chakudya ndipo amadya kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudyetsa mbewu zokha zoyera popanda malo.
Nkhosa zimapweteka, zimadyetsedwa tirigu wosakaniza "phala". Zomera zonse zimathandiza, zimatha kudyetsa ziweto, koma ziweto zambiri zimaphika.
Zakudya zowonjezera zinyama zingagulidwe, koma mukhoza kuphika (pali maphikidwe ambiri oyambirira), chifukwa izi ndi zokwanira kuti mukhale ndi tirigu wamba wamba.
Ndikofunika kusintha zakudya kapena kuyambitsa mankhwala atsopano pang'onopang'ono, pafupi sabata, osachepera masiku asanu.
Okrol
Mkazi asanamange chisa, amakaika mwanayo. Pachifukwa ichi, zinyalala za udzu kapena udzu zimakonzedwa mu khola, ndipo pine zipsera zimatsanulira pansi pake. Simungagwiritse ntchito utuchi wodwala okha, chifukwa iwo ali otukuka m'maso, mphuno ndi pakamwa pa makanda. Kupanda pansi pa nthaka sikuvomerezeka, kungayambitse imfa ya ana.
Ndikofunika kukonzekera kuchiza akalulu a zimphona zazikulu mwa njira yapadera. Choyamba, muyenera kupeza malo osungulumwa kwa amayi oyembekezera. Masiku 14 asanayambe kukwanira, chakudya chake chimakhala cholimbikitsidwa ndi kupangidwa ndi mchere. Anthu amphamvu, amphumphu ndi amitundu, ngati kalulu ali wokalamba, wamwamuna ayenera kukhala wamng'ono komanso wogwira ntchito. Musanayambe kukwatira, mwamuna amadyetsedwa mbatata yophika, oats kapena mbewu.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapezeka kawirikawiri kumalo a amuna, choncho khola lake limatsukidwa, botolo la madzi, chakudya chimachotsedwa, ndipo mkazi amabzalidwa. Pambuyo pothandizira, imachotsedwa, koma pambuyo pa mphindi 50-60 imabwezeretsedwa kuti iwonetsetse (zonsezi mwadzidzidzi feteleza sizinachitike). Ngati mkaziyo ali ndi feteleza, amatsutsana kwambiri. Nkhaniyi imabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi limodzi.
Mkazi wapakati amabwezedwa ku khola ndipo amayesa kuti asasokoneze kachiwiri. Ayenera kukhala pansi pa zochitika zosaoneka bwino. Pambuyo masiku 16-18, mutha kuyesa mazirawo, omwe ali m'mizere iwiri.
Kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri asanachiritsidwe, khola limatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pambuyo pake, amayi amtsogolo adzayamba kumanga chisa, ndiyeno adzatulutsamo mimba kuchokera pamimba ndikuyang'ana pamwamba. Pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kufufuza ana, kuti apeze ana amoyo ndi akufa (osakhala amoyo kuchoka ku chisa).
Pafupifupi, mimba imakhala masiku 28 -31. Akalulu a chimphona chachikulu amakhala okonda kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha zinyalala zawo chimadalira zaka komanso umoyo wa mayi. Chochepa kwambiri chimaonedwa ngati choyambira choyamba, ndipo chiwerengero cha ana obadwa mwatsopano chimawonjezeka, ndipo patatha zaka zitatu - chicheperachepera.
Chisamaliro cha amai ndicho chinsinsi cha thanzi la ana ndi amayi. Kuti upeze mtundu wa mafuko, okol ray amawerengera nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe (yotsiriza - mu August). Panthawiyi, masamba ambiri, zipatso, mbewu ndi zitsamba. Kuti mupeze mbadwo wopha, okrol ikuwerengera pa kugwa, pomwepo mabulu amakula mwamsanga, ndipo amagulitsidwa kuti adye nyama.
Matenda oyambirira a kalulu wamtundu wakuda ayenera kumachitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi atabadwa. Ngati akazi ali olemera kwambiri, ndiye kuti amakula mwamsanga, samakhala ndi chidwi ndi kukwatira, kubweretsa ana ofooka ndi ochepa. Amuna amtundu umenewu ayenera kukwatirana kwa nthawi yoyamba ali ndi zaka 6 mpaka 8.
Chikhumbo chofuna kukwatirana ndi akazi chaka chonse. M'chilimwe cha mating akhoza kukhala usana kapena usiku, m'nyengo yozizira - tsiku lokha. Ngati mwamuna ali wamng'ono, chiwerengero cha anzakewo chikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira pa 1-2 anthu pa sabata ndikufika kwa amayi awiri pa tsiku.
Pofuna kudziwa momwe chiwerengero cha amai chimakhalira, chimaphatikizidwa ku umuna kwa mwamuna wokalamba wamwamuna. Ngati mtsikanayo sali wamng'ono, ndiye kuti amabweretsedwa kwa kalulu wathanzi. Ngati mutatsatira lamulo ili, mukhoza kupeza m'badwo wonse. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ndiletsedwa kudutsa achibale. Kusamalira Kalulu
Ndikoyenera kuyandikira khola limodzi ndi amayi ndi makanda mosamala, mosasamala, popanda kudumpha mwadzidzidzi ndi jerks. Nthawi yokhala ndi akalulu aang'ono ndi amayi zimadalira zomwe ali nazo pokonza zinyama, otsatsa am'tsogolo amakhumudwa masiku 60, ena onse amatha kuyamwa pambuyo pa masiku 45.
Mwana wakhanda wosavala, akhungu ndi ogontha akalulu sangathe kuchitidwa, amaloledwa kokha atakhala amphamvu komanso ataphimbidwa ndi tsitsi. Pa tsiku lachiwiri atabadwa, amayamba kuvala tsitsi, atatha masiku khumi akuwona bwino.
Mlimi akuyenera kulamulira mmene mayi amasamalirira ana. Nthaŵi zambiri, thandizo lake silofunika. Ayenera kupereka amayi ake mtendere ndi zakudya zabwino, amatha kupirira zinthu zina.
Mlimi ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa ana, wathanzi, wogwira ntchito mwakhama, komanso anthu osasamala, ndi tsitsi lofewa, ndi chophimba pamaso akuchotsedwa chisa. Musanafike miyezi itatu, m'pofunika kudziwa za kugonana kwa anthu payekha ndi kuwasiyanitsa kuti apewe chophimba chotsalira cha achinyamata, chifukwa cha malonda otsika amapezeka.
Amuna amasungidwa amodzi kapena awiri mu khola, atatha msinkhu amayamba kusokonezeka ndi kuvulazana wina ndi mzake, choncho samasungidwa m'magulu.
Ngati mkaziyo sanaike ana aang'ono mu chisa, koma amawabalalitsa mu khola, komanso sanawalole kuti adyetsedwe, ndiye izi zikusonyeza kuti anali ndi chikhumbo chofuna kukwatirana. Pankhaniyi, imachotsedwa kwa maola 8 mpaka 10 kuti ikwaniritsidwe, kenako imabwereranso ku malo, ndipo imayesetsa kusamalira ndi kuyamwitsa ana.
Nthawi zina lingaliro labodza limapangidwa ndi mayi yemwe sasamala achinyamata, chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala pansi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti amayi amasamalira ana amakanda kawiri pa tsiku, kupita kwa iwo kwa mphindi zisanu. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri usiku (nthawi ya ntchito ya akalulu). Mfundo yakuti iye amakhala pa chisa ndi yachibadwa, mwachibadwa, amayi amawasokoneza anawo.
Malingaliro omwe amayi a kalulu angadye ana awo ndi olakwika. Izi ndizomwe zimadya zokha zokha. Ngati ana omwe ali ndi mimba yovulala amapezeka m'chisa, izi zimangotanthauza kuti amayi osadziŵa bwino amalephera kuchotsa chingwe cha umbilical. Ngati ana akulumidwa kapena kuvulazidwa pamapeto, ndiye kuti izi zimasonyeza kuti amayiwo amawathandiza kuwonekera, kutulutsa mano awo. Ngati mwana ali ndi kuvulala kumutu, zikutanthauza kuti mayi wovulazidwayo akuyesera kuluma pa chigoba chomwe ana amawoneka. Monga lamulo, mavuto oterowo amapezeka pa malita oyambirira, ngati mayi alibe chidziwitso kapena osamala.
Ngati mayi a rabbit akuwopa, ndiye kuti ateteze mwanayo, amatha kulumphira mu chisa ndipo mosakayikira amathyola kapena kuvulaza anawo. Pa nthawi yobereka ndi lactation, m'pofunika kuthana ndi mayi ndi ana ndi chisamaliro chochuluka ndikukhala chete.
Pa tsiku la 45 la kubadwa, makanda amamwa mkaka wa amayi ndipo amadya theka la chakudya chomwe mayi amachiyika. Pambuyo pa nthawi yoyamwitsa, amadyetsedwa mofanana ndi kalulu, pang'onopang'ono akuyambitsa zatsopano.
