Asparagus (lat.Asparagus), ndi katsabola - ndi chipinda chosatha cha udzu, mpesa kapena shrub. Dziko lakwawo ndi mayiko otentha kwambiri ku Africa, Asia, South America.
Mitundu ina ya katsitsumzukwa imatheka, ndipo mitundu ina imatha kuchiritsa.
Kufotokozera
Kutchuka kwa zikhalidwe za katsitsumzukwa kumathandizidwa ndi kukula kwake kophatikizana ndi mawonekedwe okondweretsa. Amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda kapena wowoneka wobiriwira. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyosowa, koma izi ndizokhazo.
Mphukira zosinthika zimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri, zomwe zimapatsa mbewu yake mphamvu, ndikuchita ntchito za mitengo ya cladonia, yofananira ndi singano zowonda kwambiri, zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke zokongola kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwechi chakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, yomwe imawonetsetsa kuti ikuyenda bwino.
Chikhalidwe chamaluwa chamaluwa chamaluwa chimadzakhala maluwa okongola oyera. Pafupipafupi - pinki, beige kapena zitsulo zotuwa. Mtunduwu, maluwa amakhala okha kapena ma inflorescence, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi. Kukula kwa akuluakulu kumatha kuphuka ndikupanga zipatso - zipatso za mtundu wofiirira kapena wofiirira wofiirira ndi mbewu zakuda.
Mbewu ndi yowala komanso yozungulira. Zipatso sizikudya, komanso, zili ndi poizoni. Chifukwa chake, kunyumba, kulumikizana kwa ana ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimapanga zipatso kumayenera kukhala kochepa.
Kupanda kutero, kuyanjana kwa thupi ndi poyizoni ndizotheka. Ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi zotsutsana kuti azigwirizana ndi zotere, ndibwino kuti musatenge mitundu iyi.
Padziko lapansi, pali mitundu yoposa mazana awiri ya udzu ndi zitsamba za asparagus. Komabe, sikuti zonse ndizoyenera kukula pakhomo. Ngati muli ndi dimba lakutsogolo, ndibwino kusankha mitundu yotsimikiziridwa - yabwino kwambiri kapena yomwe ili ndi mafungo osalala kapena mankhwala omwe ndi othandiza thanzi.
Mitundu 10 Yapamwamba kwambiri ya Asparagus Pakukula Kwanyumba
| Gulu | Mawonekedwe |
| Asparagus Cirrus plumosus (plumosus) kapena Asparagus Setaceus (setaceus) | Zabwino kwambiri. Nthambi ndi zofanana ndi spruce, ndipo mphukira zimadyedwa, ndipo mutha kuzidya zosaphika ndi kuphika. |
| Asparagus Sprengeri (sprengeri), densiflorus kapena densiflorus (densiflorus) | Chomera chokongoletsera. Zimayambira zimatha kukula mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Imalekerera kudula kwamitundu yambiri. |
| Ma Medioleides (owerenga pakati) | Ilibe mizu mizu. Amadyedwa mwatsopano. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zopangira kumasulidwa kwa aspargin. |
| Mpheto yoyera (falcatus) | Chovala chokongoletsera chamawonekedwe okongola omwe amatha kukongoletsa mapangidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mkati. |
| Pistiform (racemosus) | Chotchedwa "kukwera" shrub, chachitali, "chosangalatsa" ndikukongoletsa malo akuluakulu. |
| Wamba kapena mankhwala (officinalis) | Ali ndi vasodilating, mankhwala othandizira, okodzetsa katundu. Ntchito popanga mitundu yoyenera ya mankhwala. |
| Asparagus Meyer (meyeri) | Zomera zokongola zopindika zimafikira theka la mita kutalika ndi mita 6 m'lifupi. |
| Umbelatus (umbellatus), ambulate | Izi ndi zokongola kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukongoletsa maluwa. Ili ndi cholinga chokongoletsera. |
| Superfine (wachizungu) | Mtundu wokongola kwambiri wokhala ndi mphukira mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka. Zimapangitsa kumva kukhala kophatikizana komanso kutonthozedwa. |
| Myriocladus (myriocladus) | Zabwino ngati palibe malo okwanira, koma mukufuna kukhala ndi zonenepa kunyumba. |
Nthawi zina mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasokonezedwa ndi ferns - mwachitsanzo, katsitsumzukwa Meyer ndi Sprenger. Ndipo akuyesera kuyanjana ndi iwo zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro zina. Komabe, alibe ubale ndi ferns. Komanso, musasokoneze iwo ndi ma suppulents - awa ndi mitundu yosiyana.
Palinso mtundu wina wosangalatsa - Nanus katsitsumzukwa, duwa lokongola ngati mini, wamtali kwambiri m'gululo. Koma ali ndi mwayi wambiri pochoka, chifukwa chake sitipangira chodzala naye ngati nyumba.
Kusamalira kunyumba kwa katsitsumzukwa
China chomwe chikukulitsa kutchuka kwa mbewu za katsitsumzukwa ndikumasuka kosamalidwa kunyumba. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse imafunika pafupifupi kuthirira boma limodzi, kutentha ndi chinyezi.
| Nyengo | Kuwala | Njira yotentha | Mawonekedwe achinyezi |
| Kasupe / chilimwe | Amakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa, koma akuopa kuwotchedwa. Pazenera lopanda makatani lingathe kuyikika pomwe windows ali kumpoto (kumpoto chakum'mawa, kumpoto chakumadzulo). Ngati mawindo ali kumadzulo kapena kummawa - kwezani zenera ndi tulle. Ngati kumwera - ndibwino kuyika chomera 1-2 mita kuchokera pawindo. | Iyenera kusungidwa kuyambira +18 mpaka + 24 ° C, kuphatikizapo njira zowongolera. Potere, musayike maluwa pansi pa chimphepo chamkuntho. | Chinyezi chachilengedwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwanira, koma ndi kuchepa kwake, muyenera kuyika miphika ndi mbewu m'matayala okhala ndi miyala yonyowa. Ndi vuto lalikulu lamadzi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumaloledwa, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi - shawa. |
| Zima / kugwa | Dzuwa silitali komanso lowala, mutha kuchita popanda makatani amtundu wa kummawa ndi kumadzulo. Ngati zenera lili kumwera - mutha kukonzanso mphika ndi chomeracho pawindo. | Sungani t kuchokera ku +14 mpaka + 16 ° C. Kupatula - Kwambiri katsitsumzukwa, umalimbana ndi kupatuka kuchoka pamtengo uwu. | Pakati pa nyengo yotentha, ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofunda kumafunika. Ngati kutentha kwa chipinda sikukwera kuposa + 14 ° C, ndiye kuti mutha kuchita popanda kupopera. |
Mukamasankha mawonekedwe owunikira, muyenera kukumbukira chinthu chofunikira kwambiri: kuwongolera dzuwa ndikovomerezeka m'mawa kwambiri ndi madzulo. Nthawi yomweyo, simungathe kuyika katsitsumzukwa pamthunzi - izi sizingasinthe kukula kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Feteleza ndi kuthira manyowa ndikosavuta: kalasi iliyonse ili ndi malingaliro ake, omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa. Zambiri - kusakhazikika kokha. M'nyengo yotentha, kuvala pamwamba kumafunika kawiri pamwezi, nthawi yozizira - kamodzi pamwezi.
Sakufuna kudulira. Komanso, gawo lokonzedwayo lingathe kukula. Chifukwa chake, limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, kapena ngati korona wakula kotero kuti "imadzaza" zitsamba ndi kulemera kwake.
Kusankha kwa mphamvu, dothi, kufalikira
Mfundo zakuzika ndi zofanana ndi zamaluwa ambiri azitsamba ndi zitsamba. Poto yatsopano iyenera kukhala yayikulupo kuposa yoyamba ija, madzi ndi dothi kuchokera ku chitsime chotsimikiziridwa ndizovomerezeka - apo ayi pali ngozi yakuwononga mizu ndi kachilombo komwe kali mdziko lopanda chitsimikizo, makamaka kuchokera pamalo otseguka.
Zosakaniza zamtundu wabwino
- dothi la humus, dothi la pepala, mchenga wowuma (1: 1: 0.5);
- turf, humus, dothi lamasamba ndi mchenga (2: 2: 2: 1).
Ndikofunikira kuti mulingo wa pH ukhale m'mitundu 5.5-7.0.
Ndikofunikira kuthira katsitsumzukwa mutathilira ndi dothi lapadziko lapansi komanso mizu ya "mbadwa". M'mbuyomu, ndizotheka (ndipo ndikofunikira!) Kudula tubers odwala komanso zowola, tokhazikika mu mizu, ngati mungatero. Malowo odulidwawo akuyenera kuwachiritsa ndi makala amoto.
Zogulitsa ndizoyenera kupendekera. Mukangobzala mu mphika watsopano kapena poto, pewani feteleza ndi mavalidwe apamwamba, pewani zoyeserera, dzuwa lowonjezera kapena, komaso, kuzimiririka.
Mukabzala m'munda wowongoka - mwachitsanzo, mumphika wamphaka - mutha kugwiritsa ntchito trifern.
Nthawi yamaluwa ndi matalala
Apa mapepala ali ofanana ndi azitsamba ambiri ndi zitsamba za kudera lathu lotentha. Masika-chilimwe ndi nthawi yochita, yakucha ndi maluwa, yophukira-chisanu ndi bata. Wothandizirana chifukwa katsitsumzukwa amapitilira kukula ngakhale nthawi yozizira, choncho ingochepetsani mphamvu za umuna ndi feteleza kamodzi pamwezi.
Tizilombo, matenda
Monga zikhalidwe zina, omwe amayeserera ndi omwe ali ndi "adani" awo - tizirombo, tizilombo, matenda. Komabe, kunyumba nthawi zambiri "mdani" ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Ndikofunika kuti muzolowere mndandanda wazizindikiro zomwe ziyenera kuchenjeza woperekayo.
| Zizindikiro | Zifukwa | Kupewa komanso chithandizo |
| Kutembenukira chikasu, kumayamba kutha. | Kutentha kwambiri, youma. M'nyengo yozizira, izi ndizotheka chifukwa chosowa kuwala kapena mavitamini. | Madzi munthawi yake, osasefukira, nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, kusamalira mavitamini ndi kupezeka kwa kuwala. |
| Tsinde limatambalala ndikutembenuka. | Kuwala kochepa kapena feteleza wa nayitrogeni wambiri. | Sinthani kuyatsa, siyani kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni kwakanthawi. |
| M'mphepete mwa mphukirawo ndi mawanga akuda. | Chesa | Chotsani padzuwa - chokani kutali ndi zenera, popachika zenera ndi tulle. |
| Chimakula pang'onopang'ono kapena sichimakula konse. | Kuperewera kwa zakudya, michere. | Lumikizanani ndi akatswiri, manyowa ndi kudyetsa nthawi. |
| Zomera zomwe zimagwera pamsewu zimaponya cladodia. | Kutentha kunja kumakhala kotsika kwambiri (mwina kumachepera kwambiri). | Bweretsani kuchipindacho (ndibwinoko ngati kukakhala mpaka + 15 ° C) ndikudula pamwamba pamtengowo. |
| Kukula kwatha. | Zovunda chifukwa chamadzi owonjezera. | Chotsani timizu tovunda mumphika, kudula dothi ndi mizu ndi antifungal agent Gamair kapena Diskorm. |
| Wolengeza. | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. | Utsi ndi Actellic (2 ml / 1l yamadzi), nadzatsuka alonda akusamba. |
| Zomera zidzasanduka zachikasu ndi kufota. | Kangaude womwe umadya zipatso za tsinde, cladonia, ndi zina. | Chithandizo cha gawo loyambirira - chithandizo ndi yankho la sopo wam'nyumba, kupewa - chinyezi chambiri m'chipindacho. |
| Mphukira wosinthika, kukula kwakubwezerera. | Ma thrips - chifukwa cha mpweya wambiri komanso dothi lamadzi. | Spray ndi tizirombo Actellik kapena Decis. Bweretsani kutentha ndi chinyezi kubwerera mwakale. |
Kuswana
Njira zitatu zazikulu zoberekera zimachitidwa:
- mbewu
- kudula
- kugawanika kwa muzu.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira nthawi zambiri imasankhidwa ndi wophunzitsayo.
Kufalikira kwa mbewu:
- mugule kapena mukagule kapena mugule mwa kuyikiratu;
- zilowerere masiku awiri;
- Kukumba mu dothi losaya ndikuphimba ndi polyethylene kapena backlim;
- sungani mwezi pa t + 20 / + 22 ° C;
- pakumera kwa mphukira - kusunthira kuwala;
- atafika 10cm kutalika - ikani zodyera osiyana, kuzungulira kapena lalikulu.
Kufalikira kwa odulidwa:
- kasupe kukonzekera mphukira ndi kutalika kwa 15 cm;
- chomera chokhala mumchenga wonyowa, chivundikiro ndi polyethylene;
- apumire kwa mwezi, azikula ndi madzi;
- pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu - atasinthidwa kukhala payokha ya maluwa, mutha kukhala pulasitiki.
Kufalitsa pogawa muzu:
- pozula, gawani muzu kuti pachidutswa chilichonse pakhale mphukira yaying'ono;
- pangani gawo lirilonse la nthambizo pachidebe china;
- samalira katswiri wina aliyense.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: katsitsumzukwa - chomera chothandiza
Zonsezi pamwambazi ndikokwanira kuti tisankhe motsimikiza za phindu la katsitsumzukwa. Kuphatikiza pa kukongola, zakudya komanso mankhwala a mitundu inayake, chomerachi chimayeretsa mpweya, kuphatikiza fumbi kuchokera mumlengalenga, kuti sichitha kulowa m'mapapu amunthu. Uku ndikusakanikirana kwenikweni, mapindu ndi thanzi.
