Nkhosa ndi nyama yofala kwambiri ku Kazakhstan, yomwe kwazaka mazana ambiri yakhala ikugwedezeka ndi anthu osakhalitsa mumadera awa. Kukonda nkhosa zokha komanso nyama zawo, komanso kukwanitsa kubereka ndi kubala mitundu yatsopano, kunafalitsidwa ku Kazakhs zamakono.
Ngakhale zaka zana zisanachitike, chifukwa cha zoweta zoweta ziweto, mtundu wodabwitsa wa edilbayevsky nkhosa unatuluka, umene umagwiritsidwanso ngati umodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya nyama ndi mafuta zokolola. Koma uwu siwo wokhawo mwayi wa zinyama, ndipo tapereka nkhani yonse ku kulipira kwa onse, omwe tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge.
Kodi chachikulu ndi ubwino wa edilbayevsky nkhosa pa mitundu ina: awulule zinsinsi zonse
Oyimira a edilbayevskoy mtundu wa nkhosa ndi chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kwamtundu, zomwe zakhala zothandiza kwambiri. Dziko lakwawo ndi malo odyetserako ziweto a ku Kazakhstan masiku ano, kumene kunali kosatheka kuthetsa ndi kubereketsa ng'ombe zina, kupatula nkhosa zosinthika komanso zolimba monga mtundu wofotokozedwa.
Makolo awo ndi azimayi a Kazakh omwe ali ndi mafuta, omwe amamera ku mabanja a nkhosa za mtundu waukulu wa Astrakhan. Zotsatira za mtundu umene unatengedwa kuchokera koyamba umatha kudziunjikira minofu yambiri ya mafuta m'dera la rump, ndipo kuchokera ku yachiwiri - makhalidwe awo a ubweya. Komanso, mitundu yonse ya makolo inapanga mtundu watsopanowu mogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za kumalo osungirako nyama.
Kodi makhalidwe otchuka oimira a mtundu: ubwino wa edilbayevsky nkhosa
Kupirira ndipindulitsa kwambiri zinyama izi zokongola. Ndiponsotu, kuthekera kwake kuli chaka chonse chosadya, kuyaka dzuwa mu chilimwe, komanso kutentha kwa chisanu m'nyengo yozizira, osati mitundu yonse ya nkhosa yomwe imatha.
Oimira a edilbayevsky mtundu, kuphatikizapo osasamala zofanana zovulaza za nyengo, amatha kukhala ndi njira yopitilira.
Malo osauka a steppes a Kazakh sanathe kudyetsa malo amodzi, ndipo pofunafuna chakudya iwo amayenera kuyenda ulendo wautali kwambiri tsiku ndi tsiku. Koma ngakhale zinali choncho, sizinkawonetseke kulemera kwa thupi. Chifukwa cha zachilendo morpho-thupi maonekedwe a thupi, komanso zenizeni za digestive dongosolo, zinyama akhoza ngakhale kuvala mafuta mafuta ndi coarse ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi, kuwonjezera kulemera kwawo.
Kwa anthu osakhalitsa kumayiko ena, izi zinali zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chake mtunduwu ndiwo wamba komanso wotchuka pakati pa oweta ziweto omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu waukulu wa kubereka nkhosa.
Chinthu chinanso chimene nkhosa zomwe zimakhala ndizokhazikika ndizokhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu ndi thupi labwino. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuti azidyetsa ziweto pa malo akuluakulu. Mchira wamtengo wapatali umathandiza kupirira nthawi yochuluka popanda chakudya, kupereka nyama ndi mphamvu zofunikira.
Koma, izi sizinthu zabwino zomwe mtunduwo ukhoza kudzitamandira. Ili patsogolo pa oimira ambiri a mtundu wake ndi ubweya wa ubweya, ndi ntchito. Makamaka kwa nkhosa za edilbayevski ndizo khalidwe:
Nkhumba za nkhosa zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri, popeza nkhosa zamphongo zazing'ono zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 100. Mtengo woterewu siwusowa nthawi zonse wa nkhosa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zochepa.- Kuyamwa kwa nyama zimenezi kumayamika kwambiri, chifukwa mkaka wa mkaka wawo umapangitsa kuti apange mkaka, womwe uli wotchuka ku mayiko a ku Central Asia. Kwa eni a edilbayevsky nkhosa, mkaka ndizowonjezeranso ndalama.
- Ubweya wa nkhosa wa mtundu uwu umadulidwa kasache pachaka pachaka. Makhalidwe ake ndi okwera kwambiri ndipo amakulolani kupanga nsalu za ubweya.
- Nyama zimakula mofulumira, kulemera ndi kukula kukula kwa thupi. Izi ndi zofunika makamaka pamene nkhosa ziyenera kuphedwa ali aang'ono, popeza zokolola za nyama zimapindula kwambiri panthawi ndi mtengo. Kukula msanga kumakhudzanso kugonana msanga kwa anthu, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kubereka kwa nkhosa.
Nkhumba za nkhosa zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri, popeza nkhosa zamphongo zazing'ono zimatha kulemera makilogalamu 100. Mtengo woterewu siwusowa nthawi zonse wa nkhosa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zochepa.Zosokoneza ndi zovuta zobereka
Popeza sitikufuna kukhala osayanjanitsika, ndi bwino kulipira zina mwa zolephera za edilbayevsky nkhosa. Choyamba, izi ndi zoona kuti, ngakhale chonchi, chiberekero cha zinyama izi sizitali. Mu zinyalala chimodzi, mwanawankhosa mmodzi yekha amabadwa. Kawirikawiri, ubweya wambiri wamphongo uli 110-120%.
Zoonadi, mtundu woterewu uli wowothandiza kwambiri m'miyambo yawo yachidziwitso: ana a nkhosa amabadwa aakulu kwambiri mu kukula kwake, kosavuta komanso mofulumira kuti azitsatira ziwetozo, pamodzi ndi gulu lonselo. Koma kwa mbusa amene akufuna kuwonjezera ziweto mwamsanga, izi ndizovuta kwambiri.
Ponena za ubweya wa nkhosa, ndiyeneranso kunena kuti: Kuchokera pa munthu mmodzi mukhoza kupeza ndalama zambiri, koma ndizovuta kwambiri. Chowonadi n'chakuti chimakhala ndi tsitsi lalikulu kwambiri komanso msana. Koma ngakhale kuti si abwino koposa, chiwerengero cha kuchuluka chikupezeka pano.
Muyeneranso kulabadira kuti edilbayevsk nkhosa mtundu umawonekera mu atatu mitundu: wakuda, wofiira ndi bulauni. Pazimenezi, ndibwino kumvetsera mwachidwi khalidweli, popeza kukolola kwa nyama kumadalira pa sutiyi.
Oyenera kukhala anthu omwe ali ndi suti yakuda. Makamaka, poyerekeza ndi oimira ena a mtunduwo, ali ndi 7.5-11.8% mabukhu akuluakulu a ubweya wokongoletsedwa, ndipo 2.2-6.9% ena amalemera. Komanso, maonekedwe a nkhosa zofiira ndi okwera kwambiri. Zopindulitsa kwambiri ndi anthu ofiira.
Kusamalira mtunduwu kumabweretsanso mavuto kwa obereketsa nkhosa, popeza akukula kumalo ochepa komanso nyengo yofanana komanso samaloleza malo odyetserako ziweto kapena malo amchere. Ndi bwino kuzidyetsa pansi, kumene kulibe chakudya, kusiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi chinyezi. Dampness ikhoza kuyambitsa matenda a nyama, ndipo chifukwa - kuchepa kwa zokolola ndi zakufa.
Mafotokozedwe a zochitika ndi kunja kwa oimira a edilbayevsky nkhosa
Chimodzi mwa zochitika za mtunduwu ndi komolost, kapena hornlessness yawo. Komanso, ngakhale nkhosa zamphongo kapena nkhosa zamphongo zili ndi nyanga. Pamene kudyetsa nyama kumadzulo, izi ndi zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa nyama sizikhala ndi mwayi wodzitetezera ku zinyama zakutchire, panyumba zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, nkhosa zamphongo za komolye zimasonyeza kusagwirizana kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake ndi kwa eni omwe amawasamalira.
Kuti timvetsetse bwino zinyama zomwe tikulankhula, ndizofunika kuwonetsera zigawo zawo zazikulu (kwa nkhosa zamphongo ndi nkhosa):
- Pofota, kutalika kwa nyama pamtundu wake kumakhala masentimita 75 mpaka 84.
- Chitsimikizo cha kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kusiyana pakati pa 77 ndi 82 masentimita.
- Chifuwa cha chifuwa ndi 97-106 masentimita.
Ponena za misala, oimira anyamata osiyanasiyana amasiyana kwambiri. Choncho, ngati nkhosa yamphongo yamba imakula kwambiri, pafupifupi kulemera kwake ndi 110-120 kilogalamu, ndiye kuti mphuno yomweyo, 65-70 kilogalamuyi idzaonedwa ngati yachilendo. Koma abusa abwino omwe amapezeka pa msipu wabwino akhoza kulemera kwambiri: nkhosa - mpaka 150-160 kilogalamu, ndi nkhosa - mpaka 90-100 kilogalamu.
Mwanawankhosa amabadwa mochuluka, chifukwa, monga tanena kale, magulu a nkhosa ndi ochepa. Kulemera kwake kwa nkhosa ndi pafupifupi 6 kilogalamu, ndipo kuwala - 5,3. Pakafika zaka 1.5, oyamba amalemera makilogalamu 80, ndipo chachiwiri ndi 65. Ndi kudya bwino, tsiku ndi tsiku phindu limakhala 200-250 magalamu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri achinyamata amaloledwa kuphedwa ali ndi miyezi 4, pamene kulemera kwa mtembo kumakhala 20-14 makilogalamu, ndi mchira wa mafuta - pafupifupi 3.5 makilogalamu. Nyama ya zinyama pa msinkhu uwu ndi yowonjezera komanso yowonjezera.
Kodi kubereka kwa edilbay nkhosa kumapindulitsa bwanji: zonse zokhudza zokolola za mtunduwu
Nkhosa zimakhala zosawerengeka kuti zikhale ndi zifukwa zomveka, komanso makamaka zosawerengeka monga mtundu umene umatchulidwa. Cholinga chachikulu cha nkhosa iliyonse ndi galu kuti apeze nyama yamtengo wapatali, mafuta a nkhosa, ubweya wa nkhosa ndi nkhosa. Mkaka wawo uli ndi phindu lalikulu.
Nkhosa zamtundu wa mafuta zamtundu wa nyama izi zimagonjetsa mpikisano uliwonse, chifukwa imatanthawuza mtundu wa mafuta. Nkhosa zoterezi nthawi zonse zimatengedwa kuti ndi zofunika kwambiri pa nyama. Koma zimapangitsa ubwino wa nyama kudyetsa msipu wamba popanda kuwonjezera chakudya china. Chifukwa chaichi, amapeza kukoma mtima kwakukulu komanso makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a sayansi.
Tanena kale mobwerezabwereza kuti mtundu woweta wa nkhosa umatengedwa kuti ndi umodzi mwa waukulu kwambiri. Choncho, kukolola kwa nyama ndipamwamba kwambiri: nyama imodzi ya waluh wamkulu wodyetsa akhoza kulemera kuchokera 40 mpaka 45 kilograms. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa mafuta a mchira mafuta a munthu mmodzi akhoza kukhala 12-14 kilograms. Kawirikawiri, zokolola za nyama ndi mafuta pamodzi ndi 50-55%.
Nyama yamphongo amaonedwa kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali. Ndipotu, sizowonongeka chabe, komanso imakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Komabe, pa nkhani ya nkhosa za nkhosa, zomwe nyama zomwe tafotokozazi ndizo, izi sizikutanthauza. Ndipotu, mafuta onse omwe ali mkati mwawo amaikidwa kumbuyo kwa thupi, ndipo nyama imakhala yokoma komanso zakudya monga achinyamata, koma ndi zaka zokha zomwe zimakhala zovuta.
Ubweya wa ubweya kapena mtengo wa nkhosa wa edilbayevsky ndi chiani?
Ponena za mbali iyi ya zokolola za oimira a mtunduwu, tiyenera kudziwa zotsatirazi zomwe zingatheke kutsuka tsitsi (povala 2 nthawi pachaka): pafupifupi makilogalamu 3-3.5 a ubweya amapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhosa yamphongo, mpaka kufika pa kilogalamu imodzi kuchokera kukula kwakukuru; Nsalu za ubweya wazimayi ndi 2.3-2.6 kilograms. Mbali yaikulu ya mtunduwu ndi mapulani a ubweya:
- Kuyambira 52 mpaka 56% ya madzi.
- 16-19% ya tsitsi lalitali.
- 24-28% msana.
Tsitsi lakufa mu chikopa cha nkhosa ndi losowa kwambiri osati anthu onse.
Kuchulukitsa mkaka wa mtundu wofotokozedwa
Nkhosa za mtundu wa Edilbaevskaya ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mkaka. Kawirikawiri, zokolola zawo zimakhala 150-155 malita a mkaka kwa nthawi imodzi ya lactation, ngakhale kuti kusinthasintha kumatha kufika 124 malita ndi 184.
Inde, kwa nkhosa, chiwerengerochi ndi chapamwamba kwambiri. Dziwani kuti mkaka wa nkhosa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa anthu, chifukwa ulibe mafuta ambiri (pafupifupi 6.7% ndi kusintha kwa 3 mpaka 9%), komanso mapuloteni (5.8%). Komanso, poyerekezera ndi ng'ombe, imakhala yotsekemera, chifukwa shuga amakhala ndi 4.6%. Komanso, lili ndi zotsatirazi mavitamini ndi mchere:
- Mavitamini A ndi C.
- Iron
- Calcium.
- Manganese
- Mkuwa.
- Phosphorus.
- Zinc
Mkaka watsopano wa nkhosa zomwe zafotokozedwa sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zimatumizidwa kukabala mitundu yambiri ya mkaka. Makamaka, Ayran mkaka wowawasa, wopangidwa ndi mkaka wa edilbayevsky nkhosa, komanso mazira monga primichi ndi kurt ndi otchuka kwambiri. Pangani kuchokera kwa izo ndi batala.
Kubeletsa edilbayevsky nkhosa kunyumba: kodi mukufunikira kusamalira nyama zotani?
N'zachidziwikiratu kuti zinyama zimasinthidwa bwino kuti moyo wosayendayenda ukhale wosasamala. Ndiponsotu, akhoza kukhala odyetserako mwaufulu chaka chonse ndikuyang'aniridwa pang'ono (ngati malo odyetserako ziweto ali bwino). Koma zonsezi ndizoyenera kokha kwa nyengo ya steppes ya Kazakh. Ngati mumakhala m'madera ozizira kwambiri, mumayenera kusamalira zolembera za nkhosa zapadera. Zofunikira kwa paddock kapena sheds ndi izi:
Edilbaev nkhosa ankazoloŵera kayendetsedwe kawo, kotero malo awo mu khola amafunika kutenga zambiri. Ndipotu, pokonza mwamphamvu kwambiri nyama zamphamvu ndi zovuta, minofu ina ingayambe kuwononga, kuteteza chitetezo kumachepa, matenda amayamba kuwonekera. Makamaka gululi ndi lofunikira kwa ana a nkhosa.
Korral iyenera kuti ikuphatikizapo mwayi wa nkhosa kuyenda kunja. Njira zoterezi ziyenera kuchitidwa kwa zinyama tsiku lililonse, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo.
Ndikofunika kumanga malo a cholembera motero kuti alibe ma drafts, nthawi zonse malo otentha ndi owuma. Ndikofunikanso kuti kutentha kwa mpweya ngakhale mu chisanu choopsa kwambiri sikugwera pansipa 8ºС.
Kuyambira kasupe ndi mpaka kuyamba koyamba chisanu, edilbayevsky nkhosa anali kusunga msipu. Ayeneranso kukhala ochepa momwe angathere. Nyama zidzatha kupeza chakudya, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ali ndi malo oti ayende. Ngati palibe malo ambiri okhala ndi udzu wabwino, nyama zimadyetsedwa m'chilimwe.
Ponena za zovomerezeka zomwe zimayang'anira kusamalira mtundu wofotokozedwa, abambo ambiri a nkhosa amatcha anthu osamba. Izi zatsimikiziridwa kuti siziwoneka ngati mphere, ndipo ubweya uli woyera komanso wosasunthika. Chitani nyengo yotentha, kuti nkhosa zisamazizidwe. Pofuna kusamba ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komanso, kangapo pachaka, nkhosa zimayenera kudula ndi kutsuka ziboda. Izi zidzateteza kuchitika kwa matenda ngati "ziboda zowola".
Kodi kudyetsa edilbaevsky nkhosa: mbali zakudya zoyenera
Kudyetsa mtundu uwu ndi chinthu chophweka, chifukwa nyama zimadyetsa chakudya chodzichepetsa ndipo zimatha kudzipereka payekha pamene zidyetserako ziweto. Koma koposa zonse chifukwa cha m'mimba mwawo amatha kukhala yowutsa mudyo, wowonjezera ndi zakudya zowonongeka, zomwe ndi zofunika kuziganizira podyetsa m'nyengo yozizira. Panthawi imeneyi, nyama zimadyetsedwa ndi udzu, udzu, silage, chakudya chamagulu, chimayika ndi mchere. Komanso, nkofunika kuti musaiwale za masamba ndi madzi.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, nkofunikanso kuwonjezera mchere wa mchere, womwe thupi lawo limafuna kwambiri. Koma mu kugwa ndi bwino kuphatikiza mu zakudya za mizu - mbatata, beets. Mukhozanso kupereka nandolo popanda kuiwala za udzu ndi madzi.
