Ficus - Mitengo yotentha yotentha kuchokera ku South ndi Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Anthu a ku Ulaya adadziŵa chomera ichi panthawi ya ntchito ya ku India ya ku Makedoniya mu 327 BC. Woyambitsa botany, Theophrastus, amene adagwira nawo nawo ntchitoyi, adalongosola mtengo waukulu umene unaphimba mamita 300 ndi mthunzi wake. Unali ndalama za Bengal, kapena mtengo wa banyan.
Mukudziwa? Kale ku Roma, ma Latins otchedwa nkhuni ficus. Lero, ficus imatchedwa zomera zonse za mabulosi, zomwe ziri ndi mitundu yoposa chikwi.
Ku Ulaya, ficuses anawonekera m'zaka za zana la 19, pamene mitundu ina idasinthidwa kuti ikhale miphika. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Nthawi ya kutchuka kwa ficuses.
Pakati pawo, chikondi chapadera chidakondwera chomera cha mphira (zotanuka, zotanuka) - Ficus elastica, omwe mitundu yawo yafala. Ku India, dzina lake ndi "njoka": pakukula, imapanga mizu ya mlengalenga yomwe imatunga madzi ku mpweya wozizira.
Mu chilengedwe, zomera zoterezi zimakhala 30-40 mamita. Mu malo amodzi, ngati malo aloledwa, akhoza kukula mpaka mamita 2-3 ndikukhala zaka 50.
Mitundu yonse ya zomera zowamba za raba ndi izi:
- mizu yabwino komanso mizu ya mpweya;
- Masamba ndi aakulu ndi zotanuka ndi kuwala (kutalika - mpaka 25-30 masentimita, m'lifupi - mpaka 10-15);
- mawonekedwe a masamba - ovunda ndi mapeto otere;
- Mtundu wa kumtunda kwa masamba ndi wobiriwira (kusiyana kwa mithunzi ndi machitidwe ndizotheka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana);
- Mtundu wa tsamba la pansi pa tsambali ndi lobiriwira, lopaka mtundu, ndi mitsempha yooneka bwino;
- madzi oyera amchere amodzi okhala ndi isoprene;
- Musapange chisamaliro chapadera (makamaka masamba obiriwira);
- zosavuta kuchira atatha kudulira;
- Ficus ukufalikira mu miphika ya mkati ndizosowa kwambiri;
- khalani ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha matenda.
Mukudziwa? Kuyesera kupeza mphira kuchokera ku chomera cha rabara ficus (chomwe chimatchedwa mtengo wa mphira wa Indian kapena mtengo wa Assam) pa mafakitale sizinadziyimire okha. Zomwe zili ndi isoprene ndi 18%, pamene ku Brazilian Geveans zoposa 40%.
Maluwa a ficus a rubbery amamva bwino kwambiri. Popanda kuwala, ficus iyamba kutambasula kwambiri, ndipo masamba apansi adzagwa. Ngati pali kuwala kwa dzuwa pa masamba, malo owala (amayaka) akhoza kupanga, ayamba kupota.
Ficus ayenera kukhala ndi feteleza ndi feteleza zamchere zamadzimadzi (milungu iwiri iliyonse).
Mitundu ya Ficus yotambalala imafalitsidwa ndi incision kapena kuika. Poyamba, muyenera:
- dulani phesi mpaka 9 - 15 masentimita (imodzi kapena masamba awiri wathanzi ayenera kukhala pa iyo - ndibwino kuti muwapangire mu chubu ndi kutetezedwa ndi bandeti);
- Sambani (kuchotsani madzi oyaka) ndi ufa ndi "Kornevin", "Heteroauxin", "Humisol" kapena zina zowonongeka;
- chifukwa cha rooting, gwiritsani ntchito vermiculite, osakaniza peat ndi perlite (pamwamba lotsekedwa ndi polyethylene) kapena malo m'madzi pamtentha wa 22 ... 25.
Njira ina ndi kubzala ndi cuttings (ngati palibe masamba pa tsinde). Kuphatikizidwa kumapangidwa mu khungwa, malo owonongeka atakulungidwa ndi wet sphagnum ndipo ataphimbidwa ndi filimuyi. Pakubwera kwa mizu, mphukira imadulidwa ndikubzala mu mphika.
Ndikofunikira! Kutsekemera kwa Ficus sikungatheke kudabwitsa (nthawi yachisanu-yozizira - makamaka!).
Kudulira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kwa ficuses. Choyamba chimachitika pambuyo pofika kutalika kwa 0.5 - 1 mamita. Zimalangizidwa kuchita izi kumapeto (nthambi zammbali zidzalandira kukula kwa hormone ndipo zidzayamba kukula mwamphamvu). Nthambi zam'tsogolo zimadulidwanso.
Ficus rubbery cultivars ingakhudzidwe ndi tizirombo ngati zimenezi. monga:
- kangaude (kuopa sopo yankho kapena "Aktellika");
- chitetezo (chotsani tizilombo ndi thonje swab ndi tizilombo, kusamba ndi sopo ndi njira zamagetsi);
- Zomera (ndikofunika kuchotsa dothi la pamwamba, sambani chomera ndi kuchiza ndi tizilombo - "Fitoderm", "Vertimek").
Zizindikiro za matenda: kugwa kwa masamba a m'munsi ndi kutayidwa kwa thunthu, kutaya, masamba a masamba, mawanga ofiirira pamwamba, kumbali yotsalira - mawanga oyera, fungo la kuvunda, kupezeka kwa tizilombo toononga.
Zizindikirozi zingakhalenso chifukwa cha kutentha, kutentha kwambiri, mpweya wouma, kuunika kosauka, zojambula, kutentha kwa dzuwa, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Kufufuza nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuzindikira zizindikiro za matendawa msinkhu, pamene matendawa angathe kuthetsedwa mwamsanga.
Ngati simukupezeka mwezi umodzi, ficus iyenera kuchotsedwa ku dzuwa, ikayikidwa mu poto ndi nthaka (yodzaza ndi dothi lopangidwa ndi miyala pansi pake), kutsanulira ndi kuyika zitsulo ndi madzi pambali pake (izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi chinyezi).
Chomera cha rabara, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe, chimapangitsa kusonyeza mitundu yatsopano m'mabotolo. Talingalirani zotchuka kwambiri:
Abidjan
Dzina la izi zosiyanasiyana zimachokera ku dzina la mzinda ku Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa). Amakonda kuwala. Zomera zobiriwira. Oval ndipo ankaloza kumapeto kwa masamba (kutalika - 25 cm, m'lifupi - 17 masentimita), mitsempha yobiriwira yowala (pansi burgundy).
Mbali za kusamalira mbewu:
- ndikofunika kubwereranso ku mphika wamuyaya mutatha "kugwiritsidwa ntchito" pamalo atsopano (panthawiyi ficus ikhoza kutulutsa masamba) - mu masabata 2-3;
- m'nyengo yoziziritsa madzi kamodzi pamlungu, m'nyengo yozizira - kamodzi pamasabata awiri. Madzi okwanira kuteteza;
- spray ndi kupukuta masamba;
- tsinde loyamba kuti lizitha kutalika masentimita 20.
- nthaka - mtedza, mchenga ndi mchenga;
- kamodzi mu 2-3 zaka amaikidwa mu mphika waukulu;
- kutentha bwino - 18-25 ° С (m'chilimwe) ndi 16-18 ° С (m'nyengo yozizira);
- mantha kwambiri a drafts.
Belize
Mpira wa Ficus Belize anabadwira ku Holland. Mbali yake ndi yakuti pali nyemba ndi pinki pamphepete mwa masamba.
Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira (23 cm m'litali, 13 masentimita m'lifupi). Mitsempha yapakati yomwe imawoneka mbali zonse za tsamba, mtundu wofiirira-pinki.
Mbali za kusamalira mbewu:
- amafunika kuwala ndi mpweya "kusamba" pa khonde;
- kutentha bwino - 20-25 ° C, osachepera 15 ° C - m'nyengo yozizira;
- Mukamabzala, muzu wa mizu iyenera kugwedezeka ndi nthaka;
- pamene kugula ficus, nthawi ya acclimatization ndi masabata atatu;
- Bwezerani kambewu kakang'ono kamodzi pa chaka, okhwima - pambuyo poti mizu yayikidwa pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha dziko lapansi (kukula kwake kwa mphika watsopano kuyenera kupitirira chakale ndi masentimita awiri (6 cm) ndi 6 masentimita (zomera zokhwima);
- kuthirira chilimwe masiku awiri, m'nyengo yozizira - 2-4 pa mwezi;
- sungani mthunzi wa mpweya kupopera mbewu;
- kudulira kochitidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
Melanie
Sakani Melanie Bred in Holland.
Ili ndi ficus lalifupi ndi masamba owopsa.
Mzere wazitali - 13-15 masentimita.
Kutonthoza bwino ulamuliro wa kutentha - 13-30 ° C.
Kugwiritsira ntchito chomera ndi chimodzimodzi ndi ena ficus.
Mukudziwa? Ku India, madamanjeni amamangidwa mothandizidwa ndi ficuses: amaponyera chipika mkati mwa mtsinjewo, ndipo amadyetsa mizu ya ficusi mu dzenje kumbali zonsezo. Zomera zimamera ndipo zimayendetsa thunthu kwambiri moti ngakhale njovu ikhoza kuwoloka mlatho muzaka zingapo.
Robusta
Robusta Ficus - imodzi mwa mitundu yodzichepetsa kwambiri. Pepala lalikulu (kutalika kwa cm 30) liri ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse. Mtundu wobiriwira (nthawi zina ndi wachikasu ndi woyera). Makhalidwe:
- Wotalika kwambiri m'banja muno ndipo amafunika kudulira nthawi zonse;
- kuthirira madzi okwanira (1-2 pa sabata);
- Osakondanso za kuwala;
- popanda kudulira, kutayika masamba ndi kusiya nthambi;
- Okula bwino m'matangi apansi.
Mtsogoleri wakuda
Mtsogoleri wakuda - mphira wofiira ficus ndi tsamba lakuda. Hue amasiyana ndi kuwala. Makhalidwe:
- masamba ali ozungulira kuposa ena ficus;
- kuloleza madontho otentha;
- akhoza kupalesedwa mosasamala nyengo;
- Pofuna kutulutsa mphukira zatsopano, mukhoza kupalasa tsinde limodzi mwa magawo atatu a makulidwe ake ndi singano yoyera.
Shriveriana
The ficus variegated inalembedwa ku Belgium (1959). Zokongoletsera ficus, zomwe sizodziwika kwambiri.
Masamba a Ellipsoidal (kutalika - 25 cm, m'lifupi - 18 cm) a mtundu wa marble (utoto wobiriwira ndi mabala a chikasu, kirimu, imvi.
Zimasowa kutentha ndi kuchepa pang'ono (pamene chinyontho chimakhala chochulukira, masamba amadzipiringa ndi kugwa). Chifukwa chopanda kuwala kwa masamba osatuluka.
Tineke
Zokongoletsera ficus Tineke amatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Masamba ndi ovunda (kutalika - 25 cm, m'lifupi - 15 cm). Pamphepete mwa masamba - imvi-wobiriwira ndi zonona. Mbali za chisamaliro:
- kuthirira katatu pamlungu (m'nyengo yozizira - nthawi imodzi);
- kupopera madzi otentha kutentha, kamodzi pamwezi - kusamba kotentha;
- Bwezerani zaka 1-3 zonse;
- kutentha kwabwino - m'chilimwe cha 18 - 25 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - 15-16 ° C.
Tricolor
Tricolor - komanso nthumwi ya variegated ficus.
Masamba ndi osavuta, ovali (kutalika - 20 cm, m'lifupi - 15) ali ndi maonekedwe ozungulira marble: zobiriwira ndi zoyera ndi mithunzi ya kirimu. Chitsamba chofunda ndi chowala (popanda kusowa kuwala, chithunzicho chimasintha). Makhalidwe:
- osasowa kuthirira nthawi zonse (kokha atayanika pamwamba pa nthaka);
Kukongoletsa
Kukongoletsa zosiyana mdima wandiweyani wamdima wobiriwira (kutalika kwa masentimita 25, m'lifupi mpaka masentimita 18).
Ndikofunikira! Madzi otentha a ficus angakwiyitse khungu ndipo amachititsa kuti anthu asamayende bwino. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito tsamba lowonongeka (kudulira, kuchotsedwa kwa wilted, etc.), chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti madzi sangatuluke pakhungu, ndipo ngati atayika - yambani ndi sopo ndi madzi.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nkhuyu zolowa ndi mphira sizinangokhala zokongola komanso zokongoletsera, koma zimakhalanso ndi:
- mankhwala (osati otsika kwa Kalanchoe) - kuthandizira kumenyana ndi chimfine, zotupa zopweteka, matenda a khungu, dzino la mano, zilonda, zovuta ndi matenda ena ambiri;
- Kuyeretsa (ficus imatenga zowononga zoipa kuchokera mumlengalenga - formaldehyde, ammonia, toluene, xylene);
- Ayurveda amakhulupirira kuti chomera ichi chimachiritsa mphamvu, chimapindulitsa pa psyche ndipo chimabweretsa chisangalalo kunyumba.
