Balsamu - munda wamaluwa wosatha, umene uli maluwa, olekerera mthunzi. Mafuta a basamu ali ndi tsinde labwino, kukula kwa masentimita 50, masamba ovunda mpaka masentimita 12 m'litali. Balsamu ndi yabwino kulenga kukongola mumthunzi wa munda. Mukhoza kukula maluwa m'munda wamaluwa pa siteti, komanso kunyumba pakhomo. Ambiri a balsams amakhala ngati kunja kwa chilimwe, poyamba nyengo yozizira amafunika kuikamo miphika ndikuika mu chipinda.
Kubzala balsamu m'munda mutseguka
N'zotheka kudzala duwa m'munda ndi kutentha kotsiriza. Ngati mutatha kusinthana kwa zomera kumsewu, kubweranso, ndiye kuti iwo adzafa. Kubzala kumachitika makamaka ndi mbewu, ngakhale, ngati palibe chilakolako chodikirira, mukhoza kugula maluwa okalamba kale.
Ndikofunikira! Zimalimbikitsidwa kukula maluwa mumphika, ndipo pokhapokha kuti abzalidwe panja.
Kudzala, kukumba mabowo musanayambe ndikuwonjezera manyowa ndi fetereza kwa iwo. Kwa mbande zimatha kuchoka pamiphika, izo zisanafike madzi. Maluwawo ayenera kufesedwa mozama mofanana ndi momwe iwo amakulira mu mphika, malo otsala ayenera kudzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi ndikukankhira bwino. Kuti maluwa ayambe, amafunika kuthirira bwino ndi kumasula nthaka.
Kuunikira ndi kutentha
Balsamu imafuna dzuwa losawoneka, pa nthawi ya dzuwa lotentha kwambiri maluwa ayenera kukhala pritenyat. Ngati imakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pa mphamvu ya kuwala kowala, ndiye kuti chinyezi chidzasungunuka kuchokera ku chomeracho, chidzatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa ndipo chidzafota. Balsamu ili bwino kumadera kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo kwa tsamba. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, pamene duwa limakula kunja, kutentha kwakukulu kwa izo kudzakhala pafupi 21 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira, pamene maluwa abweretsedwa m'chipinda, kutentha sikuyenera kugwera pansi pa 13 ° C.
Choyenera kukhala pansi
Balsamu, makamaka ngati ikukula m'nyumba, imakhala yosavuta, yosayirira, nthaka yochepetsetsa. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya m'nthaka kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kobiriwira, zomwe ndi zoipa kwa maluwa. Dothi lotayirira silingabweretse phindu, maluwawo sangathe kudzilimbitsa okha. Dothi lokongola kwambiri la acidic. Maonekedwe a nthaka akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mu gawo lofanana ndi kompositi, humus, perlite ndi sod land. Mukhozanso kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat ndi magawo awiri a nthaka yothira, izi zidzakhala malo okwanira.
Mmene mungabzalitse duwa
Balsamu ndi duwa la munda, ndipo chisamaliro chimafunika choyenera. M'nyengo yotentha, mungathe kubzala basamu mu nthaka yotseguka. Kubzala ndi kofunikira osati kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, mwinamwake kusankhwima kumeneku kumangokhala kufa.
Ndikofunikira! Malo okwera pansi ayenera kukhala ochepa-shaded.
Chipindacho chimapangidwira bwino kwambiri ndipo chimasintha bwino, kuyambira mu June ndi kutha mu September. Mu autumn, duwa ayenera anakumba kunja ndipo anakonza apical cuttings kwa rooting.
M'nyengo yozizira, mafuta a basamu amafunika kuunikira kwina, chifukwa alibe nthawi yopumula. Ngati mumusamalira bwino, chomeracho chidzakusangalatsani ndi maluwa ake.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu ina ya basamu yomwe imafalikira m'chilimwe.
Kukula balsamu m'njira ziwiri:
- Ndi thandizo la mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, tsitsani nthaka mu mphika, yikani ndi kuyikamo. Ikani mbewu pamtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera mzake, kuwaza ndi dziko lapansi. Phimbani poto ndi thumba la pulasitiki, liyikeni pamalo owala. Pamene mbande ibwera ndikuphuka, yikani m'munda. Mbeu zabwino zidzakula miyezi inayi.
- Aliyense amadziwa kuti basamu ndi munda wovuta. Pofuna kukula munthu wokongola, mungagwiritse ntchito cuttings. Only osatha maluwa kufalitsa ndi cuttings. Sankhani mphukira zazing'ono, zamphamvu ndi zamphamvu. Dulani, kudula kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 7. Bzalani kudula mu mphika ndi dothi, yikani pansi mozungulira. Ikani mphika pamalo otentha ndikutsanulira maluwa. Mukhoza kutseka kuthawa ndi kapu ya pulasitiki kuti mupange wowonjezera kutentha.
Kusamalira balsamu
Maluwa a basamu ndi osavuta kukula, ndipo simuyenera kukhala ndi vuto ndi momwe mungasamalirire.
Chinyezi ndi kuthirira mbewu
Anthu ali ndi balsamu dzina lochititsa chidwi - Pukuta chonyowa. Dzina limeneli anapatsidwa kwa iye chifukwa cha chikondi cha madzi okwanira ambiri ndi chinyezi. Koma simungathe kudzaza maluwa, chifukwa cha izi, mukhoza kuyambitsa chitukuko chovunda. Ndi kuthirira bwino mafuta a basamu, nthaka siidzakhala yowuma, nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa madzi kuyenera kuchepetsedwa. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa.
Mukudziwa? Kuti madzi akhale ofooka, ayenera kuikidwa m'masiku angapo.
Mukafuna kudyetsa basamu
Maluwa monga balsamu, omwe amakula m'munda wamunda, amafunika kudya bwino pa maluwa ndi kukula. Ndi bwino kuthira maluwa kuyambira nthawi ya April mpaka November, m'nyengo yozizira simungathe kumera, kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza. Ndibwino kuti mudye maluwa pakatha masabata awiri.
Kudulira balsamu
Pakati pa nyengo yozizira yaitali, mafuta a basamu amakula kwambiri, choncho ndikofunika kudula pafupi ndi kasupe, kusiya hafu yokhala ndi mphukira, ndiye maluwa amachititsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Ngati duwa limakhala ndi mphukira zambiri, ndiye kuti maluwa ake adzakhala okongola kwambiri. Chaka chonse, penyani momwe basamu imakula, kusamalira maluwa kumaloleza kudulira nthambi zowonongeka ndi zofooka, chifukwa choti maluwa amabala bwino.
Malamulo a Kusindikiza Basamu
Nthaŵi yoyenera yopangira mafuta a basamu ndi masika. Koma ngati pali chosowa chonchi, ndiye kuti mukhoza kusintha duwa m'chilimwe. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti maluwa abwino mwachindunji amadalira kukula kwa mphika. Pa nthawi yopatsa mbeu muyenera kuchotsa zomera zakale kuti achinyamata athe kukwera. Mbewu yaying'ono iyenera kubzalidwa chaka chilichonse. Ngati maluwawo kale ali wamkulu (osati wamkulu kuposa zaka zitatu), ndiye akhoza kuyambitsanso (kukhala ndi mizu ya apical cuttings) kapena kuikidwa.
Beleamu kubereka
Pofuna kukula balsamu wekha, choyamba muyenera kukonzekera mbande. Konzani nthaka yofunikira, yikani fungicide kwa izo, zomwe zingateteze chomera kuoneka ngati bowa.
Kumene mungapeze komanso momwe mungamere mbewu
Mbeu zimayamba ndi kugula mbewu. Asanafese, amafunika kuti asatetezedwe. Pochita izi, konzani njira yowonjezera ya potaziyamu permanganate ndikuponya mbewu mmenemo kwa mphindi khumi. Kenaka thirani yankho, ndipo mudzaze mbewu ndi madzi ofunda abwino. Aloleni iwo ayime kwa tsiku. Pambuyo pake, bzalani maluwa mbeu mu nthaka yonyowa ndipo mopepuka kuwaza ndi dziko, kulenga wowonjezera kutentha. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera.
Kutentha kotentha kwa mbewu kumera + 23 ° C. Pamene mbande zikuwonekera, mukhoza kuchotsa wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuchepetsa kutentha ndi madigiri angapo. Perekani mpweya wabwino kwa mbande, komanso kuunikira kwina. Onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira kuthirira, simungalole kuti agonjetse. Pakakhala masamba 5-6 akuluakulu, mukhoza kubzala mbewu miphika yapadera.
Kudula mafuta a basamu
Palinso njira yochepetsera, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza chifukwa ndi yabwino kwambiri. Pakuti rooting cuttings balsamu ayenera kuchepetsa pamwamba kuthawa kuti wotsiriza mfundo. Pambuyo pake, phesi liyenera kuikidwa mu galasi ndi madzi kapena mchenga wouma, kumene duwa limatha. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mizu idzakhala yopangidwa bwino komanso yoyenera kubzala. Njira ina ya kuberekera basamu - kudula phesi m'dzinja. Kenaka, muyenera kuchotsa tsinde la masamba ndikuyika mu galasi ndi gawo lapansi. Phimbani ndi thumba la pulasitiki, madzi okwanira kale. Patapita masiku angapo mukhoza kuchotsa phukusi. Kenaka, muyenera kuthirira madziwo ndi mankhwala a mchere milungu iwiri iliyonse. 
Tsopano inu mukudziwa za basamu, ndipo inu simuyenera kukhala ndi vuto ndi chisamaliro ndi kuswana kwa maluwa awa.
