Okonda okonda okongola osati kokha kwa masamba okongola okongola, komanso chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa. Komabe, masamba okongoletsera amakonza zambiri. Zimapanga maziko okongola a zomera zina, ndipo maluwa a chomeracho amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Khosi amachokera ku dzina lachilatini lakuti Hosta ndipo ali ndi dzina lina - losangalatsa. Amakhulupirira kuti dzina lake amalemekeza dotolo wa ku Austria ndi N. Khost. Ndipo dzina lake lachiwiri likuchokera kwa mnzake wa ku Germany G.Kh. Funk. Ndilo la kakombo la banja, ndiye kwa banja la katsitsumzukwa. Pafupifupi pali mitundu 40 ya zomera.
Malangizo pa kukwera makamu
Ambiri amalima maluwa ndi amaluwa wamaluwa akuganiza momwe angakulire wokhala m'dziko. Kumbali imodzi, ichi ndi chomera chopanda chopanda chidziwitso, komano, muyenera kudziwa zinthu zochepa kuti mukhale ndi zomera zokongola komanso zathanzi.
Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri mu maluwa amalonda zomera zimagulitsidwa kwathunthu, kapena mizu yake yokha. Kuti mizu ikhale yovunda, m'pofunikira nthawi yomweyo kapena mutagula kuti muwawone kuti palipo zowola ndi kuchotsa zoterezo, ngati zilipo.
1. Wokondedwayo sali wovuta kwambiri panthaka, ngakhale kuti tawona kuti zimakula bwino pa humus loams kuposa ena. Ndikofunika kuti tipewe madzi ochulukirapo, chifukwa sakonda nthaka yonyowa.
Nthaka ya mchenga sichikuthandizira kuwonjezereka ndi chitukuko cha makamu, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha komwe angapereke anthu kudzikoli. Koma ngati mukuyenera kulima panthaka yotereyi, ndi zofunika kuti manyowa azikhala ndi mchere, fetus.
2. Musanadzalemo zomera, nthaka iyenera kukumba mozama za bayonet. Zingakhale zabwino kukwaniritsa ndi kemira ngolo feteleza kapena 15 g ya potassium sulphate, ammonium nitrate ndi 20 g ya superphosphate panthawi yomweyo. Chosakaniza chilichonse chimaperekedwa pa mlingo wa 60 g patsiku.
Mukudziwa? Maseŵera akukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zokongoletsera zosiyana, ndikovuta kwambiri kuyembekezera "bushiness" yake. M'chaka choyamba, chomeracho sichinafanane ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu muwona malo anu enieni omwe mwakhala nawo.
3. Khola liyenera kukhala lalikulu, lalikulu la chitsamba. Ayenera kupereka madzi ndi madzi. Mphukira imafalikira pamtsinje kotero kuti palibe zowoneka pansi pawo.4. Kumayambiriro kwa autumn kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi nthawi yomwe n'zotheka kugawa ndi kubwezeretsanso wolandira. Nkofunika kuti musabzala pamalo omwewo - sizingayambe mizu.
Zosamalidwa Zogwira Ntchito
Kusamalira zomera ndi kophweka ndipo kumaphatikizapo zochitika zomwe: kuthirira nthawi zonse, kupalira, kudyetsa, kumasula. Kuti chitsamba chikhale chokongola ndi chokongoletsera, mivi yaing'ono ya maluwa iyenera kudula nthawi.. Ndiye masamba sangafike kumbali.
Ndikofunikira! Kudyetsa ayenera kukhala penumbra kapena mthunzi. Mitundu ina ya zomera silingalole kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zonse, kutaya mtundu wawo wokongoletsera. Zimakhulupirira kuti makamaka pa masamba a mikwingwirima yachikasu ndi yoyera, mumakonda kwambiri kuwala. Koma ngakhale pakadali pano, ngati woyang'anirayo ayenera kubzalidwa pamalo a dzuwa, aziphimba kuchokera ku dzuwa masana.
Kuthirira, feteleza ndi feteleza nthaka
Chomeracho chili ndi masamba ambiri, choncho nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira kwambiri, yomwe ingakhale vuto nthawi yotentha kwambiri.
Malangizo amdima pamapeto a masamba amasonyeza kuti chomeracho chimasowa chinyezi. Madzi m'chilimwe ayenera kukhala tsiku lililonse. Koma kusefukira ndi koopsa kwa makamu.
Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse ndikudyetsedwa ndi organic ndi mineral feteleza. Komanso, chomeracho chimalandira chakudya chambiri chochokera ku feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya mchere.
Monga chovala chapamwamba, kuperewera kwa mullein kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwonjezera potaziyamu sulphate, ammonium nitrate ndi superphosphate mu chiŵerengero cha 10:10:20. Mu July, komanso April ndi May, amapatsidwa potaziyamu, nitrogen, phosphorous.
Ponena za kayendedwe kabwino ka zakudya, izi ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, pamene maluwa amapangidwa, ndipo mwamsanga maluwawo atha.
Mukudziwa? Poyamba, makamu anakula ku Japan, China, Korea, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Far East. Mitundu ya chikondi cha mnofu imakhala pamphepete mwa nkhalango, pamapiri a mapiri, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje.
Kupalira ndi mulch: kodi timafunikira izo
Dziko la mulch ndilofunikira chaka chilichonse. Kawirikawiri amabzala pafupi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe imatenga zakudya zambiri. Koma kugwedeza kumamuthandiza kuti apite pamwamba.
Lamulo lokha ndiloti mulching silingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa mitundu yochepa ndi yaing'ono, mwinamwake idzatha.
Kukonzekera zomera m'nyengo yozizira
Nyumbayi imatengedwa ngati zomera zosagwedeza chisanu, choncho sizimabisika makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Koma nthawi zina, pokhapokha, m'dzinja, masamba osagwa sakuchotsedwa, ndipo amawonanso kuti awononge chisanu pamwamba. Ngati mutatsatira malamulo onse ndi malangizowo pa chisamaliro cha mbeu, zidzasungiranso chidwi kwa zaka 10-15.
Funso losemphana maganizo liribe magulu atatu omwe akugwera. Ena amalimbikitsa kuti asachotse masamba owongolera m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa amatumikira monga chivundikiro cha mizu, kuwapulumutsa ku chisanu. Iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti achotsedwe kasupe kokha, pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwonekera.
Ena amalangiza kwambiri kuti achotsedwe ndi kuwotchedwa kuti athetse tizirombo. Koma pakadali pano ndikofunika kuchotsa masamba asanayambe chisanu, ndipo masamba okhawo ayenera kale kukhala achikasu.
Maluwa osadziŵa zambiri sangathe kulingalira ndi mphindi yoyenera. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayesetse njira ziwiri mmadera osiyanasiyana kuti pakhale imfa ya mbali imodzi ya zomera, akhoza kubwezeretsedwanso.
Mukudziwa? Cuttings zomera ku Japan zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokoma, ndipo chomera chomwecho chimatengedwa kukhala chopatulika. Kutchuka pa maiko ena apeza atatha kugunda Dziko Latsopano. Izi zisanachitike, iye anawonekera ku England, koma sizinayambitse furore zambiri.
Njira zosiyana zobweretsera
Pali njira zingapo zolima mbewu. Chomwe mungasankhe ndicho kwa wakukula.
Kugawa chitsamba
Chophweka, ndipo chotero chofala kwambiri-kugawikana kwa chitsamba. N'zotheka kugawanika kuti abwerere m'masika kapena kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Koma ngati mukudziwa momwe mungachitire bwino komanso moyenera, ndiye kuti mukhoza kugawa tchire chaka chonse. Komabe, sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito tchire tating'onoting'ono chifukwa cha izi, mwinamwake iwo akhoza kuchepetsedwa mu chitukuko.
Kotero, ndi liti pamene inu mungagawane ndikubzala mu nyengo ya masika? Mwamsanga pamene achinyamata akuwombera. Kenaka ndi mpeni, fosholo kapena foski gawo laling'ono likulekanitsidwa ndi chitsamba. Ngati panthawiyi phokoso limatuluka ndi mbali ina ya rhizome, koma popanda mizu, ikhoza kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Cuttings
Sizingatheke kudula kudula, chifukwa mu mitundu ina amakula kwambiri. Kudula, monga lamulo, kulibe mizu, koma pali gawo la rhizome pa icho - chomwe chimatchedwa "chidendene".
M'nyengo ya chilimwe amabzalidwa mumthunzi ndikubzala pansi pa galasi. Kwa masiku angapo, adzayamba mizu. Pofuna kuthamangira njirayi, ndikofunika kudula masamba a mmera pakati.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Pomwe atsimikiza kulera munthu wochuluka kuchokera ku mbewu, ayenera kukhala okonzekera kuti chomera chidzalowe muyeso ya zokongoletsera zokhazokha m'chaka chachisanu cha moyo wake. Kuchuluka kwa mbeu kumera kumasungidwa pamlingo wa 70-80%.
Mbewu imafesedwa m'nyengo yozizira, koma izi zisanakhale zofunikira kuzichitira bwino. Ndibwino kuti muwachepetse kwa theka la ora mu madzi aloe, zircon, mizu kapena Épinay. Nthawi zina njere zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziime m'nyengo yozizira kwa mwezi umodzi.
Kufesa kumachitika mu April kapena May. Pofesa, onetsetsani kuti sterility ya substrate, bowa ndi tizilombo tina ting'onoting'ono. Mofananamo, mphika uyenera kutsatiridwa kale ndi mankhwala a potaziyamu permanganate kapena mowa.
Kugula nthaka m'sitolo, onetsetsani kuti ili ndi vermiculite, peat ndi perlite. Ndikofunika kusunga acidity ya nthaka kwa wolandira. Pansi pa mphikawo muli ndi ngalande, ndiye nthaka imathiridwa ndi yothira.
Mutatha kuthira nyemba mmenemo, amakhala ndi dothi lina la 5-7 mm, lopangidwa ndi mafilimu kapena galasi. Kutentha kumayenera kukhala pamtunda wa 18-25ºC, dzuwa liyenera kupewa, ndi kuthirira mbewu moyenera. Kuwombera kumafunika kuyembekezera masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Mukangomaliza timapepala timene timayambira, amatha kulowetsa miphika yosiyana-siyana yomwe ili ndi mchenga. Kuthirira mmadzimu, gwiritsani ntchito pansi - miphika imayikidwa mu poto lakuya ndi madzi mpaka nthaka yodzaza.
Kenaka amayamba kubisala kwa maola angapo kuti akwiyitse zomera. Pambuyo pa sabata, amatsegulidwa kwathunthu, ndiye amayamba kuwonekera mpweya watsopano, womwe uyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 18 ° C.
Matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Ngakhale kuti mbewuyo imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, pakadalibe chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka mukadzala zitsanzo zatsopano, "kutolera" tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku dothi kapena ku mbewu ina.
Pa chisanu m'mafesi kapena ofooka, matenda a fungal phyllostizosis amawonekera - mawanga achikasu pamasamba. Phyllosticta aspidistrae Oud bowa amatha kuoneka pa maluwa. Mitengo yotereyo iyenera kudulidwa ndi kutenthedwa, ndipo nthaka pamalo awo ikhale yoyenera.
Masamba akhoza kugunda imvi zowola, zomwe zimachotsedwa ndi zozizira. Nthaŵi zina mtundu wa thonje woyera umapangidwa pa khosi la mbewu - scungotinia bowa, yomwe imatha kulamulidwa ndi dichloran.
Ngati zibowo zikuluzikulu zinayamba kuonekera pa masamba, zikutanthauza kuti chomeracho chasankha slugs. Kulimbana nawo, kuyika kuzungulira mbale ya mowa.
Angayambitse zomera ndi kutsitsa nematodes. Maonekedwe awo amadziwika ndi ma chikasu a chikasu pakati pa mitsinje ya masamba. Amenewa ndi oipitsitsa kwambiri kwa adani, chifukwa n'kosatheka kumenyana naye.
Palibe mankhwala omwe amakhudza maatode mazira. Choncho, kuchotsa iwo kwa nthawi imodzi, muyenera kulimbana nawo kachiwiri.
Njira yokhayo yotulukira ndikudulira zomera zonse mkati mwa mamita awiri ndikuwotcha. Konzani komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angatithandize polimbana ndi ziwala, nyongolotsi ndi mbozi.
Mgwirizano wa makamu ndi zomera zina
Mukasankha mabungwe awiri m'munda mwanu, pewani zomera zomwe zimakula mofulumira, makamaka zokhudzana ndi mitundu yazing'ono. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kuwamangiriza ndi chifuwa chofewa, geyher, lungwort.
Ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera bwino pamodzi adiantum stopovidny, astilby, otsika mitundu ya tsikulily, mkazi wa mapiri. Mnansi woyenera adzakhala Mwala Wokometsera, womwe uli ndi malire achikasu pamasamba, komanso Mnyamata wokhala ndi mzere woyera woyera.
Pomwe mchereyo akuwonetsa masamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, ndi bwino kudzala zomera zomwe zimayambira pafupi ndi izo, zomwe zimatuluka kumayambiriro kwa masika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti malowo asanamangidwe.
Kawirikawiri, lamulo lalikulu lophatikiza zomera m'magulu a magulu ndi malo okhala ndi zomera zosatha, zomwe zajambula, masamba otseguka. Choncho, pitani fern pafupi nayo, munda wa geranium ndi ena.
Khosta mumapanga
M'maonekedwe okongola, chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse monga chomera chamalire, popeza chikhoza kukula kwa nthawi yaitali pamalo omwewo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yaying'ono ngati Kuwala Kumwamba kapena Blue Cadet, yomwe ili ndi masamba a bluish.
Mitundu yambiri imakuthandizani kumanga nyimbo zokongola, mwachitsanzo, pamtsinje. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mu mthunzi wandiweyani iwo adzangokhala wobiriwira popanda zinthu zokongoletsera, ndikungotentha padzuwa, atalandira zotentha.
Wogwiritsira ntchitoyo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga chophimba. Kuwonjezera apo, masamba akuluakulu a chomera amamera namsongole, motero amachotsa dera lozungulira iwo. Komanso, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakuthandizani kumanga maonekedwe abwino. Kawirikawiri pamagulu oterowo, wolandiridwayo amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga plantain kapena "Fortune".
Monga mukuonera, wokhala ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi yokongola komanso yosiyanasiyana potsata zochitika. Kukula ndi kufalitsa mosavuta. Ndipo pamalo amodzi adzakula pamwamba pa zaka, popanda kutaya kukongola kwake, amapereka chisamaliro choyenera.
