Duwa ndi maluwa onse omwe si abwino zokongoletsera zochitika zirizonse, komanso zimatipangitsa kukhala okondwa ndi mtundu wake pa masabata. M'mbuyomu, pali nyumba (munda) maluwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa gawo la malo apadera. Komabe, funso lakuti "Momwe mungabzalitsire rosi?" akupitiriza kukondweretsa ambiri wamaluwa. Kodi kukula maluwa ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri? Tiyeni tiwone.
Kulowa malamulo "munda wa mfumukazi"
"Mfumukazi ya Munda", yomwe ndi yotchedwa roses, - izi ndizodzichepetsa, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi maluwa ena. Ngakhale kuti ndizodziwika bwino pa ulimiwu, zimakhalabebe.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande chifukwa chodzala
Posankha mbande kuti zikhale zamtengo wapatali zam'munda wanu ndi bwino kumvetsera zitsanzo zazitsulo. Iwo amadziwika ndi amphamvu kwambiri komanso yopangidwa mizu, yabwino chisanu kukana, zabwino kupulumuka ndi ambiri maluwa pa tchire. Mbeu zowonongeka sizowonjezereka ndi matenda.
Mu chisamaliro cha chomera chotero, muyenera kumakhala nthawi yochuluka, chifukwa maluwa ophatikizidwa amafunika kuchotsedwa kwa kukula kwa msipu (m'kupita kwa nthawi, kukhoza kukongola maluwa ku galu wamba, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimachokera kwa iye kuti mitundu yonse ya chikhalidwe yabzalidwa). Mitengo yokhazikika yokha safunikira zochitika zoterezi.
Mukudziwa? Ku England, Iran ndi United States, maluwawo amaonedwa kuti ndi maluwa a dziko lonse.Ngati tipitirira kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a mbande, ndiye kuti mungapeze zitsanzo zogulitsa ndi zitseko zotseguka ndi zotsekedwa (ziyikidwa muzitsulo kapena zikopa pa mizu). Ndibwino kuti mupereke chithandizo kwa mizu yotsekedwa: ikadzabzalidwa, mizu sidzakhala yoonongeka ndipo imakula mofulumira.
Posankha mbande ya maluwa, musaiwale kulabadira masamba awo. Sitiyenera kukhala lethargic kapena youma. Mphukira za zomera ziyeneranso kukhala mphamvu zosiyana komanso zopanda ziboda. Chiwerengero cha mphukira pa mmera wabwino sizingakhale zosachepera 3.
Mukamagula chomera ndi mizere yotseguka, mudzakhala ndi mwayi ayang'ane mizu ndikudziŵa kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe chotani. Ndipo pakadali pano pasakhale kuwonongeka.
Ngati mbeu yosankhidwayo isakwaniritse zofunikira, ndiye kuti maluwa ali ndi zinthu zoterezi Sungakhale chokongola choyenera cha bwalo lanu.
Kusankha malo otsetsereka, kodi kuwala ndi kutentha kumayenera kukhala kotani?
Mizere imakonda dzuwa, kotero posankha malo abwino oti mukhale m'mundamo, ndi bwino kuti tidziwitse madera a dzuwa. Pamene ali mumthunzi, maluwa amasiya kuphuka, mawanga amdima amaonekera pamasamba awo ndipo amawombera khungu. Kawirikawiri zomera zimakhudza powdery mildew. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kutenga mpweya wabwino kwambiri, womwe umatetezedwa ku mphepo yakumpoto yakumpoto.
Ponena za maonekedwe a nthaka, sayenera kukhala dothi kapena mchenga, ndipo zina zomwe mungasankhe ndizovomerezeka. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti malo osankhidwa okwera malo ali kutali ndi madzi pansi, omwe amadza pafupi.
Mukafuna kubzala maluwa, malingaliro okonzekera dothi kuti mubzala duwa
Musanayankhe funso lakuti "Momwe mungamerezere maluwa?" muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe mungathe. Zitsamba zibzalidwa kawiri pachaka: mu masika ndi autumn (isanayambe chisanu). Kudyetsa kwadzinja ndibwino, chifukwa kufikira masika zomera zonse zimakhala ndi nthawi yokhala bwino ndikuyamba pachimake kuposa maluwa omwe anabzala m'chaka.
Pakatikatikati mwa chigawo, kutsetsereka kwa nyundo kukuchitika kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa September mpaka m'ma October, ndipo ngati mbande zidabzalidwa kale, ndiye kuti pamakhala mwayi waukulu wogalamuka matalala, omwe adzafa nthawi yomweyo ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yozizira.
Kubzala mofulumira kumaonedwa kuti ndi kosasangalatsa, popeza mitengo yamphongo ikhoza kukhalabe nthawi yoti izuke komanso idzavutike ndi chisanu. Ngati "mwaganiza" ndi masiku odzala, pambuyo pa masiku 10-12, mizu yatsopano idzayamba kuonekera pamera, yomwe idzakhala nayo nthawi yosinthira musanayambe chisanu ndikukhalabe ozizira m'nyengo yozizira.
M'chaka (ngati maluwa adabzalidwa kugwa) zomera zotere zimayambitsa mwamsanga mizu ndi mlengalenga, ndipo maluwa amapezeka pamodzi ndi tchire, zaka zosatha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, maluwa omwe anabzala m'chakachi, pafupifupi pachimake masabata awiri kenako ndipo amafuna chidwi kwambiri.
Musanabzala zomera, nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa bwino powapatsa chakudya ndi mchere komanso feteleza. Zomwe zimasankhidwa, njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera manyowa, ndipo choyamba chokongoletsa ndi feteleza choyenera chimakhala bwino, koma osapitirira 15-20 magalamu pa chitsamba (lalikulu mlingo lidzakhudza maluwa).
Ngati kubzala kwa mbeu kumayambiriro, ndiye kuti kugwa kudzafunika kukumba dzenje lakuya mamita 1.2 ndikuya mamita awiri. Ndizodzaza ndi madzi (nthambi, mwala wawukulu wouma, dongo) ndizoyenera, ndipo chisakanizo cha munda ndi humus chimayikidwa pamwamba, kuwonjezera mchere feteleza panjira. Mukamadzala maluwa mu kugwa, maenje a zitsamba akukonzekera miyezi 1-1.5.
Momwe mungabzalitsire duwa
Kubzala maluwa kumayamba ndi kusankha mbande ndikumba dzenje pamalo abwino. Ife tachita kale ndi chinthu choyamba, ndipo chachiwiri, dzenje pansi liyenera kukhala ndi miyeso yotere yomwe mizu ya duwa imamva bwino. Ngati tikulankhula za dothi lachonde, ndiye kuti theka la mita yakuya ndi kukula komweko kudzakhala kokwanira. Dothi la dothi, limene liyenera kukhala loyambidwa kale (humus kapena kompositi ndilophatikiza ndi manyowa ovunda ndi dothi), ndi kukula komweko kwa dzenje, m'pofunika kukumba kuya kwa 60-70 masentimita.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa sayenera kugwirizana ndi mizu ya mbande, choncho amawaza ndi dothi.Musanayike mmera mu dzenje, muyenera kutsanulira madzi mmenemo ndi kuyembekezera mpaka mutenge. Kenaka duwa lokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa imayikidwa m'nthaka, ndipo ngati mizu ili yotseguka, iyenera kudula gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndikulowa mu madzi (kapena muzu wa kukula stimulator) kwa maola angapo.
Popeza kukula kwa chitsamba cha mtundu wina ndi mlingo wa kukula kwake, mukamabzala zomera, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muzisunga nthawi (kuyambira mamita 0.5 kufika 1 mita). Komabe, mtunda wa pakati pa tchire ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa payekha, malinga ndi zolinga zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, maluwa a chitsamba adzawoneka bwino osati ambiri, komanso osamera limodzi. M'munda wa rozi muyenera kuyang'ana mtunda kuchokera mamita kufika pakiti imodzi kapena theka (kapena 1.2 mamita) kuchokera ku chomera chozungulira.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji duwa m'munda?
Kawirikawiri maluwa samasowa kuwonjezeka, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti kubzala ndi kusamalira bwino sikofunika kwa maluwa awa.
Momwe mungamwetse maluwa
Kusamalira maluwa m'munda kumapatsa zambiri, koma kuthirira mosavuta. Nthaka pansi pa tchire sayenera kuyanika, ndipo chizindikiro choyamba chimene rosi yanu imasowa madzi ndi maluwa oundana ndi masamba a zomera. Kawirikawiri, mazira a rose amafunika pafupifupi malita asanu a madzi, pamene chomera chikufuna 15 malita.
Madzi ogwiritsira ntchito ulimi wothirira sayenera kukhala ndi chlorini kapena ozizira kwambiri, chifukwa kuti thandizo labwino la chitsamba liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda pang'ono panthaka. Zikuluzikulu za chitsamba zimakhala (maluwa akukula mosalekeza ndikupanga), madzi ambiri adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthirira.
Flower kudyetsa malamulo
Ngati mukubala maluwa, ndiye kuti mukudziwa kuti kusamalira ndi kukulitsa m'munda kumafuna feteleza nthawi yomweyo. Pankhaniyi ndi bwino kupatsa chovala chapamwamba - ku manyowa. Njira yoyenera ndi manyowa a mahatchi, omwe ali ndi osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kutaya nkhuku kapena nkhumba (makamaka mawonekedwe atsopano) kungangowononga zomera: chifukwa cha asidi omwe ali mkati mwake, mphukira zazing'ono zimangotentha. Mchere watsopano umakhudza nthaka, imateteza nayitrogeni.
Pofuna kubzala mbeu, m'pofunikira kudyetsa chomeracho ndi calcium nitrate njira (1 tebulo supuni pa 10 malita a madzi), ndipo panthawi yogwira ntchito ndi kukula kwa duwa, nkofunika kuthirira tsiku lililonse masiku khumi ndi limodzi ndi khumi ndi limodzi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba, njira yothetsera feteleza mchere, yomwe imaphatikizapo mullein kapena manyowa a nkhuku . Kuti chomera chizindikire bwino feteleza ntchito (mwachitsanzo, feteleza feteleza), ayenera kudyetsedwa mu mawonekedwe osungunuka, mutangomaliza madzi okwanira. Mu gawo lachiwiri la July, maluwa amasiya kudya. Mitengo imayamba kukonzekera kuzizira.
Mukudziwa? Mofanana ndi anthu, maluwa amatha kupulumuka. M'dziko lino, ali mu nyengo ya mvula yozizira, yozizira kapena yamvula. Thandizani kupulumuka Amatha kupopera mbewu ndi "Zircon", "Epin," "Ecosil" kapena sodium humate.
Kodi kudula duwa
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti maluwa apange chitsamba mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka makina, izi ndi zofunika makamaka poyang'anira chomera pamalo otseguka. Kudulira kumachitika ndi kuchotsa zonse zowonongeka ndi ofooka nthambi, komanso zomwe zimayikidwa mu chitsamba chitsamba. Pambuyo pake, zimveka bwino momwe mungapangire chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kutchera maluwa musanafike masambawo.Ngati chimodzimodzi Nthambi ziwiri zimasokonezana wina ndi mzake, kenako zimachoka pamalo omwe amapezeka bwino kwambiri. Ndiponso, kukonda kumaperekedwa kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi makungwa ofunika.Mukamakula chomera, mumatha kukumana ndi mphukira zambiri mumtsinje (izi zimachitika masika). Mphukira imeneyi imachotsa mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku chomeracho, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibenso zobiriwira. Choncho Muyenera kuchoka okha omwe ali amphamvu kwambiri, amphamvu ndi aatali kwambiri, omwe m'chilimwe adzatha kupereka maluwa. Ena onse akhoza kudula bwinobwino.
Kudulira maluwa pambuyo pa maluwa kumachitika ndi pempho la mwini munda, koma panthawiyi muyenera kuzisiya masamba awiri pa mphukira. Musawope kuchita izi: mutatha kudula maluwawo mwakhama mumapeza zomera zatsopano. Chenjezo liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ndi rosi, yomwe siimabwereranso mofulumira kapena nthaka yomwe ili pansi pake ili yosauka kwambiri.
Poyambira m'dzinja, maluwa onse otayika ndi mphukira yowonongeka amachotsedwa kuthengo. Zigawo zonse zimatengedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi munda wamaluwa.
Njira Yokwimitsa Mitengo
Nthawi zina, kusamalira chomera kumapereka kuika kwa rosi kumalo atsopano. Komabe, choyamba muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zikukula m'malo atsopano sizidzakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zapitazo: duwa lidzatha kulandira dzuwa lokwanira ndipo lidzatetezedwa ku mphepo. Ngati izi ziri bwino, pitirizani kukonzekera dzenje, ndikuzidzala mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za mbeu.
Choyamba, chotsani mizu yonse ya udzu ku malo osankhidwa. Kenaka, musiye dzenje kwa masiku angapo - dziko lapansi liyenera kukhazikika. Pambuyo pake, kudzakhala kotheka kupitiriza kutchire kunja. Muyenera kuyesa duwa ndi lalikulu earthy mpira. Izi ndi ntchito yovuta, chifukwa nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa rozari imakhala yotayirira komanso yosavuta. Choncho, musanayambe kukumba kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino, iyenera kuthiriridwa, komanso kuyendetsa ntchito pafupi ndi chitsamba.
Ndikofunikira! Zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi chitsamba chachikulu cha rosa, kotero ndibwino kuti mwamsanga mupemphe thandizo.Kukonzekera dzenje latsopano lokhazikitsa chomera, muyenera kuchita izi:
- Pafupi ndi maluwawo, chemba chingwe chaching'ono, pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa.
- Lembani clod yadothi ndi nsalu kapena pulasitiki (kanema wa zakudya ndi yabwino kwambiri pazinthu izi) ndikuyamba pang'onopang'ono kusiya pansi pa chitsamba.
- Mizu yayitali kwambiri yomwe ingasokoneze imatha kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo (palibe chinthu chodandaula, chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusamalira bwino maluwa mtsogolo).
- Ikani malo olimba pansi pa chitsamba (ichi chingakhale fosholo ndi cholimba chogwirira).
- Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwindi, chotsani chitsambacho pansi.
- Ikani duwa pa nsalu yokonzedweratu kapena thumba ndi kukokera kumalo abwino (ngati kukulitsa kumachitika m'munda womwewo).
- Pofuna kuyendetsa chomera kwa nthawi yayitali, m'pofunika kuisunga ndi dothi lozungulira kuti lifike kumalo okonzedweratu, kukulunga ndi nsalu yonyowa (nsalu sayenera kuuma);
- Ikani nyembazo mu dzenje lokonzekera ndipo fufuzani kutalika kuti mutatha kubzala chitsamba chodzaza ndi dziko lapansi pamlingo wofanana ndi musanayambe kusamba (ngati kuli kofunika, phulani dzenje kapena m'malo mwake, lizani).
- Phimbani izi mpaka theka ndikuchotsa pang'ono kuchotsa ku coma.
- Imwani nthaka bwino ndipo dikirani mpaka itangwanika (chidebe chimodzi cha madzi chidzakwanira chitsamba chochepa, ndi zida 1.5-2 za chitsamba chachikulu).
- Lembani pansi (pamwamba pa dzenje), chotsani chotsitsa ndi kuthirira mbewuyo kachiwiri.
- Pamene madziwa atengeka, onetsetsani malo ena pang'ono ndikuwongolera bwino (pasakhale mpweya voids pafupi ndi mizu ya duwa).
Zikuoneka kuti duwa "silingadziwe" kukumbidwa ndipo imayamba mizu m'malo atsopano, koma nthawi zambiri, makamaka pamene imaikidwa m'chaka kapena chilimwe, duwa lidzachira kwa nthawi yaitali. Ma Roses ndi olimba kwambiri, choncho, kusamalidwa bwino ndikumangika ndi ntchito yovuta, koma sizowopsa kwa maluwa.
Momwe mungakonzekerere duwa kwa nyengo yozizira
Kukonzekera duwa pakuti nyengo yozizira imayamba pakati pa chilimwe, kuyima kudyetsa tchire ndi nitrojeni feteleza (panthawiyi maluwa amapeza ziphuphu za potash ndi phosphorus). Kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa September, maluwa akuphulika akudulidwa, kulola kuti duwa liwonongeke usanakwane. Amaluwa ambiri amasangalala ndi funso: "Kodi maluwa a maluwa ayenera kudula m'dzinja?" Izi sizili zovomerezeka, koma nthawi zina kudulira mphukira kumapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kuphimba zomera.
Mu mitundu ya tiyi ya hybrid, ½ kutalika kwa nthambi zakale zafupikitsidwa m'dzinja, pamene maluwa a paki ndi zipsera amafupikitsidwa ndi 1/3 okha. Kupukuta, kakang'ono ndi chivundikiro chamtundu sichimawongolera, kuyesera kuwaphimba iwo kutalika konse.
Asanayambe malo ogona a maluwa, amadula masamba onse ndi inflorescences, chifukwa pansi pa chipale chofewa amatha kukhala magwero a matenda a fungal. Komanso, kumbuyo kwa masamba nthawi zambiri amasungidwa tizirombo. Kuti awawononge iwo, Zomera zisanamveke ndi zojambulazo, chitsamba ndi nthaka pansi pake ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi 5% yothetsera mkuwa wa sulfate. Komanso kusamalira maluwa, kukonzekera zomera m'nyengo yozizira sikudzatenga nthawi yambiri ndi mphamvu kuchokera kwa iwe, Chinthu chachikulu ndikuchita zonse zomwe zimafotokozedwa pa nthawi.
Kodi kufalitsa maluwa
Palibe njira zambiri zobzala maluwa, Komabe, chilakolako cha wamaluwa kuti akhale ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri monga momwe angathere pa chiwembu chawo amachititsa kuti aziphunzira bwinobwino njira iliyonse. Tiyeni ife ndi ife tikambirane aliyense wa iwo.
Cuttings
Njira yoswana munda maluwa cuttings ndi yabwino chifukwa Mitengo yozikika mizu siipereka mphukira zakutchire. Phesi ndi mbali ya mphukira yamphamvu, ndipo imadulidwa pafupi ndi masamba a masamba. Pambuyo pa kumera pogwiritsira ntchito zowonjezera mizu, pamene mizu imawoneka pa cuttings, mumapeza mmera wokonzeka womwe ungasunthidwe pansi.
Kufalikira kwa maluwa mwa kudula njira kumaphatikizapo kuzungulira mitundu iwiri ya mphukira: lignified ndi kulanda ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuswana chipinda kapena maluwa a paki. Mitengo ya cuttings imadulidwa pamene masamba obiriwira amayamba kuumitsa (kumayambiriro kwa chitsamba chamaluwa), koma zitsanzo za lignified sizinayenere pa ntchitoyi.
Mbewu
Kufalikira kwa maluwa ndi mbewu sikofala. Choyamba zotsatira zake ziyenera kuyembekezera motalika ndipo kachiwiri, nNdipo pamene simungathe kukhala otsimikiza kuti zidzakhala zabwino. Mbewu kumera mu kufalikira kwa maluwa kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Kawirikawiri njira ya kufalikira kwa maluwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene akuswana zatsopano za maluwa kapena hybrids. Iye ankachita kuswana maluwa a kuthengo, ngakhale kuti si mitundu yonse imene imapereka mbewu zonse.
Maluwa a Budding
Kuphulika kwa duwa kumaphatikizapo ndondomeko zotsatirazi. Pamphepete mwa tsinde la mbeu (monga momwe mungathere poyambira pansi) ndikofunikira kupanga kapangidwe ka T ndi kuika impso za cultivar yomwe inasankhidwa. Zitatha izi, zimakhazikitsidwa ndi filimuyo. Kuphatikiza kungagwiritse ntchito mizu yapamwamba ya katundu. Opaleshoni yokhayo ndi yosavuta, ngakhale imafuna zinachitikira.
Kubalanso poyika
Плетистые и кустарниковые розы, которые в основном и встречаются в садах, размножают отводками. Njira imeneyi imaonedwa kuti ndiyo yabwino kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa chakuti zomera zotere zimakhala ndi nthawi yaitali komanso zamphamvu.
Mphukira ya duwa imadulidwa pansi (ndi kudulidwa kwa khungwa), kenako machesi kapena slide amaikidwa mudulidwe. Gawo lodulidwa la mphukira liyikidwa musanayambe kukumba nthaka yopanda kanthu pansi ndikukhazikika pamenepo. Mapeto omasuka ayenera kumangirizidwa ku khola lopangidwa patsogolo. Mphukira zazikulu zokhala ndi nthaka (pamwamba ayenera kukhala kunja).
Pakapita nthawi, kuthawa kochokera pamtunda kuyenera kuchotsedwa kumtambo wa makolo (nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika kasupe lotsatira, ngakhale zitatha mizu yoyambilira). Mwanjira iyi, mukhoza kupeza tchire zatsopano osati maluwa okhazikika, komanso kuchokera kumtengowo.Rose - chomera chodabwitsa zomwe mosamala adzakondwera nawe kwa zaka zambiri.
