Davallia fern ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osadabwitsa komanso kukula kwake. Pamene mukukula pakhomo, kupatula masamba a openwork, mitundu yodabwitsa ya rhizomes, yofanana ndi miyendo ya miyendo ya nkhwangwa kapena yazing'anga ya kangaude, yomwe imakhala pamphika.
Ndi chifukwa cha mtundu wotere pakati pa anthu kuti fern iyi imatchedwa "mapazi a hare". Tikukufotokozerani za zintchito za kukula kwa chomera chodabwitsa ichi komanso momwe mungasamalirire mchipinda.
Davalliya: kufotokoza ndi mitundu
Davallia (lat. Davallia) ali ndi dzina lake la sayansi kuchokera pa dzina lachidziwitso cha botanist wa Anglo-Switzerland wa Edmund Davall. Ichi ndi chiphuphu chochulukirapo cham'mimba chosatha, chomwe chiri ndi dzina lomwelo, poyerekeza ndi mitundu pafupifupi 40. Kutchire, amapezeka m'mayiko otentha ku Asia, China, Japan, Polynesia, Canary Islands ndi zilumba za Fiji, Java.
Mukudziwa? Davallia, mtedza yekhayo ndi mizu yake kunja, kupatula mapazi a kalulu, amatchedwanso mapazi a gologolo, mwendo wa nyerere, ndi ntchentche.
Lili ndi tinthu tambirimbiri tomwe timamera timene timamera pamtunda. Kumunsi kuli ndi masikelo, amatsindikizana kwambiri ndi ziphuphu pansi. Mizere-paws imatha kutalika mpaka masentimita 90.
Mafamu a fern anapatsidwa amakhala ochulukitsa katatu, obiriwira, ochepetsedwa, osakanikirana, ndi otsika. Pezani kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20.
Mitundu yambiri ya Davallia imakula m'nyumba (malo odyera) ndi miphika ya mkati.
Mu malo otsekemera, anthu okhalamo ambiri amakhala Davallia bullata, Davallia pentaphylla, Davallia dissecta, Davallia truncatula, Davallia trichomanoides, Davallia mariesii (Davallia trichomanoides), Davallia marichesii
Muzolowera, mkati mwa phazi la kalulu nthawi zambiri limakula ngati chomera champhamvu - izi ndi momwe mungatsindikitsire zowonongeka ndi kukongola kwake. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulemba nyimbo za epiphytic.
Pakati pa zinyama zomwe zimakonda kwambiri - Canary Davallia (Davallia canariensis), Wall Davallia Wallata, Davallia solida.
Chimene Davallia amafuna kuti akule bwino
Pofuna kulima davallia bwino, nkofunika kuchita bwino ndikusamalira mogwirizana ndi zomwe amakonda. Ndipo muyenera kuyamba ndi kusankha malo abwino ndi kuunikira.
Kumene angapange davalliya, kusankha kowala
Chomera ichi ndi chowala kwambiri, choncho malo omwe amaikamo malo ayenera kusankhidwa ngati kuwala. Pankhani imeneyi, duwa liyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, pofuna kupewa kutentha ndi chikasu cha masamba.
Ngati sill yowenera ndi cholinga cha davalliah, ndiye zenera kummawa zili zoyenerera, kumene dzuŵa lidzatha kupeza m'mawa.
Mtedza ukhoza kukula mumdima, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo udzatayika makhalidwe ake okongoletsera komanso umakula pang'onopang'ono.
Ndizotheka kulima chomera pansi pa kuwala - davallia amamva bwino pansi pa nyali ya fulorosenti.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa davalia
Mapazi a akalulu amakhala ovuta kwambiri ponena za chinyezi cha mlengalenga, choncho mitundu yambiri ya maluwa amenewa ndizosatheka kukula pansi pa malo okhala, chifukwa n'zosatheka kupanga bungwe loyenera la chinyezi. 
Ndipo ngakhale kwa ambiri a nthumwi a m'nyumba mitundu, ndi momwe akadakwanitsira chinyezi adzakhala mlingo wa 60-70%. Only Davallia Canarian ndi yovuta kwambiri pa chizindikiro ichi.
Fern ndi yowonongeka ndi kutentha - m'chilimwe imamva bwino pa 18-22 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira imasankha zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kosapitirira 15-18 ºї. Imatha kupirira kutentha kwa 13 ºС, koma osati kuchepa. Ngati chomera chikuzizira kwambiri, chimayamba kutaya masamba. Fern ayenera kutetezedwa ku zojambulajambula.
Kukula nthaka
Kulima nkhumbazi kumagulu abwino oyenera kunyumba: masamba a humus, peat, mchenga wofanana. Ndi zofunika kuwonjezera sphagnum, makala ndi pang'ono pine makungwa pa izo. Sungani nthaka ndi chizindikiro "cha ferns", "chifukwa cha bromilia" ndiyenso chodzala.
Poto la kubzala liyenera kusankha lalikulu, nthawi zonse ndi dzenje lakuda. Pansi pa mphika ayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi abwino.
Mukudziwa? Davallium akulimbikitsidwa kuti asakule mu miphika ya pulasitiki, koma mu madengu a wicker opangidwa ndi zipangizo zachilengedwe.
Tikubwera davallya kunyumba
Fern amafalitsa m'njira ziwiri: spores ndi kugawa kwa rhizomes.
Spores kuswana
Njira imeneyi ndi nthawi yambiri komanso yovuta. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, sikuti mikangano yonse imatha kuphuka. Pa chomeracho amasonkhanitsidwa kukhala sori. Pambuyo kucha, pukutsani ndi wai ndi kuuma mu envelopu ya mapepala.
Kenaka, konzekerani ngalande kuti ikamatere. Mwaichi, mwachitsanzo, chidebe cha pulasitiki ndi choyenera. Msuzi wouma kapena moss amagona pansi. Koposa zonse, ngati ndi sphagnum, yomwe imatetezedwa ndi disinfected musanagwiritse ntchito ndi madzi otentha kapena mu uvuni (microwave). Spores anatsanulira pamwamba pa peat. Chophimbacho chatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro cha pulasitiki, galasi kapena filimu. Kuti mphamvu ya kumera ikhale pawindo.
Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti peat imakhala yonyowa. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa chitukuko cha mmera ndi 20-25 ºС. Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo, mawonekedwe a moss pa peat, ndipo mwamsanga masamba oyambirira adzawoneka. Ndikofunika kuwachotsa iwo akamakula mpaka masentimita asanu. Nthawi yabwino yopanga mkangano ndi May.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabereka spores, muyenera kusamala kwambiri, chifukwa zingayambitse zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa komanso zimayambitsa matenda a mphumu..
Momwe mungayambire dawallia rhizome division
Njira yochepetsera ya dawallya - magawano a rhizomes. Njirayi ikuchitika mu April. Nthendayi imagawidwa m'magulu, kotero kuti ili ndi masamba awiri kapena awiri.
"Phazi" likhoza kuyika pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndipo mopepuka limapangidwanso ndi dothi lowonjezera, kapena mukhoza kuthandizira zitsulo (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku waya) ndikuyika muzu pamtunda. Nthaka iyenera kusungidwa mu nthaka yabwino. Pambuyo pa miyezi iŵiri, gawo lochotsedwa la rhizome liyenera kupereka mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Sizingatheke kuika mzuzi, mwinamwake udzayamba kuvunda.
Mbali zimasamalira davalliya kunyumba
Davaliya fern si wochuluka kwambiri, kusamalira pakhomo sikungapange mavuto enaake. Kenaka, timapereka malingaliro angapo akumwa, kudyetsa ndi kuika duwa. Ngati awona, chomeracho chidzakhala kwa nthawi yaitali chonde ndikupemphani kuti mukhale ndi chipewa chobiriwira cha green andi plexus ya paws-mizu.
Kuthirira fern
Dallium imalimbikitsidwa kuthirira madzi ndi madzi otentha otetezedwa. Atamwetsa fern amakonda zambiri, komabe popanda kutengeka - sikusamutsa chinyezi. Komabe, komanso salola kulema kwa gawolo.
Mbewu yokha idzafotokozera pamene idzafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse - pamwamba pa nthaka iyenera kukhala youma pang'ono: mpaka 5 masentimita mozama. M'nyengo yozizira, pa kutentha pansi pa 18 ºС, chiwerengero ndi mlingo wa ulimi wothirira zacheperapo chimodzi mwa masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Kwa ulimi wothirira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira pamtunda wochepa, kuti madzi asafike ku mizu. Angathiridwe mu poto.
Komanso, musaiwale kusunga chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, makamaka pamene kutentha kuchipinda kupitirira 22 ºС, njirayi ndi yabwino kuchitidwa kawiri - m'mawa ndi madzulo. Pachifukwa ichi, onetsetsani kuti sizingagwirizane ndi dzuwa tsiku lomwelo pazomerazo, koma madontho ena pa masamba angayambe kuyaka. Kupopera mbewu, komanso kumwa madzi, kumatulutsa madzi otentha.
Kuonjezera chinyezi, n'zotheka kuyika mphika ndi fern pamphuno ndi peat wothira kapena dothi lowonjezera. Kusamba kwa periodic sikungapweteke chomera - kumathandiza kutsuka fumbi kuchokera kwa Wai ndi kusakaniza bwino maluwa. Mukamachita izi, mphika umayenera kuwonetsedwa ndi kanema kuti musapewe madzi. 
Kodi feteleza gallium
Ndibwino kuti mudye mkaka wa kangaude ndi kuchepa kwa mlingo (1/3 kapena 1/4 mwa zomwe zimawonetsedwa pa phukusi) feteleza kwa mbewu zokongoletsera ndi zowonongeka. Kudyetsa kumachitika kuyambira April mpaka September kamodzi kapena kawiri pamwezi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti nthawi ya kupuma mu mitundu ya fern isatchulidwe, feteleza sichigwera mu kugwa ndi nyengo yozizira.
Kusindikizidwa
Achinyamata davallys amawatsuka chaka chilichonse. Okhwima - poti adzaze mizu ya mphika, makamaka kamodzi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kuwaza ndi kofunika mu March kapena April. Amaphatikizidwa miphika kuti azisankha kwambiri. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala, yotayirira, bwino mpweya ndi madzi. Kawirikawiri davaliya amalekerera ndondomeko ya kuzizira bwino.
Zirombo zazikulu ndi matenda a chipinda cha fern
Zolakwa posamalira zomera zingayambitse chitukuko cha matenda ndi kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo. Choncho, ndi kusefukira kwa maluwa nthawi zonse komanso kutentha, mizu yake imatha imvi zowola ndi matenda ena a fungal.
Kutentha kochepa m'chipindamo kumabweretsa chiwonongeko kangaude. Komanso chofooka komanso chosungidwa bwino chomera chimakhala chinthu chopweteka. whiteflies, thrips, scutes, nsabwe za m'masamba. 
Kugonjetsedwa ndi owononga omwe amachoka pa fern, amawomba chikasu, amauma komanso amauma. Ayenera kudula nthawi yake. Mavitamini, ngati n'kotheka, chotsani pamanja. Ngati pangozivulaza kwambiri, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kuchita. Kukonzekera kwa fern ndi koyenera "Aktellik", "Aktara", "Karbofos".
Zingatheke kuti mukule bwino
Mapazi a akalulu, monga lamulo, amapulumuka bwino mutabzala ndikumaikanso, imapirira zikhalidwe za nyumba ndikukwaniritsa zofuna zawo. Komabe, nthawi zina zimachitika kuti chomera chikusowa chinachake. Ndiye zidzakuuzani za kusintha kumeneku.
Choncho, dawallya akakulira kunyumba nthawi zambiri amatha kuwona chikasu ndi kuyanika kwa masamba. Mukawona kusintha komweko, samalirani kutentha ndi chinyezi mu chipinda - chomeracho chingakhale choyaka kapena chouma. Muyeneranso kuyang'ana maluwa mosamala kuti mukhale ndi tizirombo.
Kuyanika nsonga za wai ndikuwatsitsa lankhulani za chinyezi chokwanira. Pa chifukwa chomwecho chimaimira chikasu cha masamba m'munsi. 
Fern masamba amatembenukira chikasu, kupiringa ndi kugwa - Mwinamwake mumathirira chomeracho ndi madzi ozizira kwambiri kapena mumakhala otentha. Komanso chifukwa cha kusintha koteroko kungakhale ma drafts.
Ngati kugwa ndi kutaya wai kumachitika m'nyengo yozizirandiye izi zingakhale zachilengedwe.
Mfundo yakuti maluwawo ndi ochuluka kwambiri padzuwa, adzakuuzani zolephereka ndi pallor wai. Pachifukwa ichi, mphika uyenera kukhala wonyengerera pang'ono kapena kupeza malo ena.
Chifukwa cha mabala a bulauni Pangakhale kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena kutentha kwapanyumba kotentha kwambiri.
Ngati fern iuma Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, musayambe kuopa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mutsimikiza kuti mukutsatira ndondomeko zonse zowonongeka kwa fern ndi kuti ndi zathanzi, ndizotheka kuti mbewuyo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zatsopano, ndipo ikusowa nthawi kuti ikhale yogwirizana. Masamba owuma amafunika kudulira. Chodetsa nkhaŵa ndifunikira pamene, patapita nthawi, makodi atsopano samawoneka.
Kupanda kukula kwa mizu amasonyeza nthaka yolakwika kubzala - ndi yolemera kwambiri kwa mbewu.
Kukula kwazomera zochepa - chizindikiro chakuti anali wochepa mu mphika kapena alibe kuwala.
Ngati nthawi zonse mumayang'anitsitsa chitukuko cha chiweto chanu chobiriwira komanso nthawi yothetsa mavuto omwe amakuwonetserani, maluwa oyambirirawo akhoza kukhala ngati malo okongoletsera nyumba yanu kwa nthawi yaitali.
