Chimandarini - mtundu wobiriwira, mtundu wa Citrus, wa a Rutaceae. Dziko la Chimandarini ndi China, linabweretsedwa ku Ulaya kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Zipatso zamapuwa zili ndi shuga, mavitamini, mavitamini C ndi thiamine, komanso kupanga zochepa. Masiku ano, ambiri amasankha kukula chomera ichi kunyumba. Choncho, sizingatheke kuti mudziwe matenda a Chimandarini ndi momwe mungamenyane nawo.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso za Chimandarini ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lolimba, limakhudza thupi ndi mavitamini m'nyengo yozizira. Chimandarini chimakhalanso ndi tinthu komanso timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Shchitovka
Zowopsya kwambiri za mandarins. Shchitovka - tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timachulukana mofulumira. Pokhala pa nthambi, masamba ndi zipatso za citrus, scythe imamwa madzi kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe zimabweretsa kutopa. Chifukwa chake, zokolola za mandarins zachepa kwambiri. Zomera zimayamba kugwa masamba ndi zipatso, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono zimauma. Mphutsi yaing'ono ya tizilombo tomwe timatetezera chomera, timapanga chishango choyima 4mm mu kukula, zomwe zimabisala mobisa kuchokera kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulimbana nazo.
Kuonjezera apo, amachotsa uchi, kusasunthika kwa madzi othandizira, motero amalephera kupuma. Mankhwala a mandarin amakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malingaliro: ndodo yokhala ndi ndodo (yokhala ndi chikopa chachikasu, 3.5 mm kutalika); Pomerantsevaya ali ndi chishango chofanana ndi comma, ndi chikasu Pomerantsevaya, chomwe chimakonda kukhazikika pansi pa masamba. Pofuna kuteteza maonekedwe a scythe, m'pofunika kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotcha masamba osagwa, kuphimba mabala omwe adayamba pakudulira, kumunda kwa munda, ndi kuchotsa mphukira zouma. Zopweteka zikuwoneka kuchokera masamba ndi swaboni ya thonje, akupukuta ndi thonje swab wothira mowa. Kupopera mankhwala kumathandiza kuchotsa tizilombo pa kutentha kwabwino ndi 2% mafuta emulsion kapena katatu mankhwala ndi "Aktellik" pa nthawi ya sabata.
Kangaude mite
Kawirikawiri kangaude imapezeka pa mandarins, ndipo wamaluwa nthawi yomweyo amakhala ndi funso la momwe angachitire. Izi ndizing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi mamita 0.3-0.4 mm, zomwe zimakhazikika pansi pa masamba. Nkhumba zimakhala ndi zovuta zambiri: zimayika mazira ambiri, omwe, atakhala pansi zaka zingapo pafupi ndi zomera, amagwa pa tsamba. Nkhupakupa zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana kutentha, kudyetsa chomera chomera, kuluma m'matenda, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri shuga ndipo zingayambitse kufa.
Kuchiza kwa mandarins kuchokera kwa akangaude - kakhazikika kachisanu nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito "Sulfarid" (osagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya maluwa, panthawi ya zipatso, panthawi ya zipatso, pang'onopang'ono amaphimba zipatsozo. Bweretsani chithandizo ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-10). Nthata zofiira zimakhala zofala, komanso zimakonda kudya pamadzi a masamba, mphukira ndi zipatso, chifukwa chomera chimamera. Mukhoza kumenyana nawo powapopera mafuta emulsion.
Zimatulutsa wowonjezera kutentha
Tizilombo toyamwa timadzi timadzi tokoma, timadzi tokoma ndi mungu wa mandarins. Kutalika - 1.5-2 mm, amuna amdima, akazi ndi imvi. Dziko lakumidzi limapatsa madzi otentha - South America, choncho nyengo ya ku Ulaya siimayenderana nawo chifukwa cha kuzizira. Koma anthu omwe ali paulendo wowonjezera kutentha amatha kuthawa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kuwononga mavairasi osiyanasiyana. Kupopera tizilombo katatu ndi nthawi ya masiku khumi ndi limodzi ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito thrips. Ndi nambala ing'onoing'ono mu wowonjezera kutentha mungathe kuthana ndi chithandizo cha nthata zowonongeka, machiritso amatha kukhala ndi ufa wabwino wa sulufule.
Ndikofunikira! Zimakhala bwino pa kutentha kwa 24 mpaka 30 ° C ndi kutentha kwambiri, kotero mpweya wouma ndi chinyezi pansi pa 50% zimapangitsa imfa ya kutentha kutentha.
Ntchentche yoyera
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amaoneka ngati tizilombo tofewa ndi mimba yachikasu kapena pinki kapena mimba ya pinki ndi mapiko oyera, owombedwa ndi fumbi. Mphutsi zamtundu zimakonda kukhala pamunsi mwa masamba, chaka choyamba mphutsi ndizoyenda, zotsatilazo zimakhala zosasuntha. Tizilombo timayamwa madzi, timasiya shuga. White distribution ya citrus whitefly ndi India, Japan, North America, Caucasus.
Zolinga zapulolactic pa nyengo yokula m'pofunika kuchotsa zitsamba ndi namsongole, kusungunula nthaka, kuwonjezera ziphuphu ndi nkhupakupa, komanso kupopera ndi njira yothetsera sopo. Ngati tizilombo tidakali ndi nthawi yoonekera, tangerines tiyenera kukonzedwa ndi bioinsecticide "Aktophyt" kapena "Bicol". Musanayambe kukonzekera, muyenera kusakaniza nthaka ndikukweza kutentha kwa mpweya. Ntchito iyenera kubwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku atatu, yotsirizira - masiku angapo musanayambe kukolola.
Mukudziwa? Mungathe kugwira anthu akulu pogwiritsa ntchito msampha wa glue: mapepala a plywood kapena hardboard woyera kapena wachikasu, smear ndi petroleum jelly kapena mafuta castor. Mthunzi wowalawo umakopa tizilombo timene timakhala pa nyambo ndi kumamatira.
Mealybug
Mapolisi aang'ono omwe ali ndi thupi lokhala ndi mazira 3-6 mm kutalika, ataphimbidwa ndi sera yofiira, kutuluka kwao kuli ofanana ndi mapiko a thonje. The mealybug pa mandarins ndi yovulaza, pokhala panthawi yopuma, anthu akuluakulu amakhala osasunthika. Ntchito yawo yovulaza imachepetsa kukula kwa zomera, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimafota, masamba akuuma ndi kugwa, nthawi zambiri zomera zimamwalira. Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera nkhondo ndiyo yankho la "karbofos" muyeso wa 5-9 g pa 1 l madzi. Ayenera kukonza nthawi 4 nyengo yotentha, nthawi yapakati pa mankhwala ndi sabata. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito emulsion ya sopo, uchi wa sopo kapena pini yowonjezera (sungunulani supuni 2 mu 0,5 malita a madzi ofunda)
Aphid
Mbalame yaikulu, yofiirira ya mdima wonyezimira, 1-3 mm kutalika, yomwe imakhazikika pamunsi mwa tsamba, imayamwa madzi a foliar, kenako masambawo amawongolera. Kwa chilimwe, aphid amapereka kwa mibadwo 20. Mungathe kumenyana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi njira yothetsera sopo wobiriwira, njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kapena sopo ya emulsion (sungunulani supuni imodzi ya sopo ndi supuni ya supuni ya mafuta mu madzi okwanira 1 litre).
Mndandanda uwu, mukhoza kuwonjezera fodya (40 g wa fodya amaumirira tsiku limodzi mwa madzi okwanira 1, yiritsani kwa mphindi makumi asanu, ozizira ndi kuwonjezera madzi pamtundu woyambirira) ndi phulusa (300 g wa phulusa losungunuka kuthira madzi okwanira 1 litre otentha, kuyatsa moto kwa mphindi 30, Musanagwiritsire ntchito, sungani madzi ndi buku la 10 malita). Musanayambe kupopera mankhwala kuti mugwirizane ndi msuzi kuwonjezera pang'ono toyambitsa matenda kapena ofooka njira ya viniga. Inu mukhoza kwathunthu kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa anayi ndi amphamvu kulowetsedwa wa mchere mchere.
Mukudziwa? Kuwopsya nsabwe za m'masamba pafupi ndi Chimandarini mungathe kubzala zonunkhira geranium.
Garden slug
Chimodzi mwa tizirombo tambiri, masamba odyera, mapesi, zipatso za tangerines. Iwo ali ndi thupi lophatikizana kwambiri, ndipo kusinthasintha kwapakati pazinthu kumatchedwanso, ntchentche imatchulidwa kupyolera mu khungu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Ferramol, Meta, Brook Snakol, feteleza wa calcium ya nthaka, feteleza mwachangu nthaka (slug amakonda kukhala mumadzi onyowa), kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yapadera kapena mndandanda wa zolembazo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Kutaya namsongole kwa nthawi yake, yomwe imathandiza kuti mpweya wabwino ndi kutenthedwa kwa nthaka, ndikulumikizana ndi utuchi, kutchinga ndi mapulasitiki akale omwe anakumbidwa pansi ndikuteteza kwambiri ku slugs.
Madzi a padziko lapansi
Tizilombo ta Mandarin timayambitsa chomera ndi minda yamaluwa, ndipo nkhondoyo iyenera kugwira ntchito. Mu mtundumitundu, thupi lalitali, lalitali ndi la masentimita 16, logawidwa mu gawo la magawo 180 m'magawo ena, omwe ali ndi zotsekemera. Pang'ono kwambiri, sizilombo, koma kubereketsa kwambiri kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha Chimandarini: chomera chimachepetsa kukula ndikuyamba kufooka, ndipo nthaka yowonongeka imatsanulira kudutsa mumabowo. Mpiru wa mpiru (supuni 1 pa madzi okwanira 1 litre), womwe umathiridwa madzi, umathandizira kutulutsa mphutsi, zomwe zimapangitsa mphutsi kutuluka. Mukhoza kuyesa njira iyi: Ikani chomera usiku umodzi mu chidebe ndi madzi pamwamba, m'mawa onse tizirombo tuluka. Atatha kusonkhanitsidwa ndikusamutsidwa kutsegula.
Citrus Nematode
Nyongolotsi yaing'ono yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi thupi lolemera kwambiri ndipo imatchula dimorphism. Zimakhudza mizu ya Chimandarini (mawonekedwe akuluakulu otukumula pa mizu), imadyetsa zomwe zili m'kati mwa maselo a muzu. Chomera chimayamba kugwedezeka pambuyo pa kukula, zitatha. Kuwonongeka kwa citrus nematodes kumadziwika ndi kuyanika pang'ono kwa Chimandarini, kuchepetsa kwa tsamba pamwamba, kuchepetsa kwa thumba losunga mazira, kuwonongeka kwa maonekedwe a chomera. Mankhwala a tangerines omwe ali ndi matenda a nematode amapezeka kwambiri ndi matenda a fungal, kutentha. Komabe, inu mukhoza kuchenjeza maonekedwe a citrus nematode, kuchiza kubzala zakuthupi ndi madzi otentha ndi kusaiwala zafupipafupi wothirira madzi a Chimandarini.
Choncho, zowonongeka, panthawi yake yowononga tizilombo toononga zimathandiza olima kumunda zipatso zabwino zamagetsi.
